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Reimagining multiple relationships in psychotherapy: Decolonial liberation psychologies and communal selfhood.
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| Pengarang | : | Lacerda-Vandenborn, Elisa; Wendt, Dennis C.; Strand, Dawson T.; Albatnuni, Mawdah; Bernett, Payton; McDougall, Tanya Dawn; Gone, Joseph P. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 522-534 |
| Abstrak | : | Promoting decolonial and liberation psychologies (DLPs) requires psychologists to critically interrogate taken-for-granted assumptions pertaining to psychotherapy relationships. One fruitful area of interrogation surrounds conceptualizations and practices concerning multiple relationships (MRs), wherein a psychologist and client share another form of relationship outside of the psychotherapy context. The prevention or minimization of MRs is widely viewed as an ethical imperative, codified within professional ethics codes and further encouraged through insurance and liability practices. From the standpoint of DLPs, the profession has not adequately grasped the extent to which psychotherapy relationships reflect individualistic selves that facilitate psychologists’ serving, however unwittingly, as “handmaidens of the status quo.” We present three practitioner testimonios from among our authors—Indigenous, Muslim, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and other sexual/gender minorities—to concretely demonstrate how the professional and ethical framing around this ubiquitous practice within psychology has served to flatten human relationships within a colonizing frame. We then discuss three problematic assumptions concerning MRs that are reflected in the American Psychological Association’s Ethics Code. We offer communal selfhood, a theoretical framework that aligns with DLPs, as a potential space for understanding and reframing MRs. We conclude with general recommendations for conceptualizing therapeutic relationships without recourse to a problematic conceptualization of MRs. |
The Fierce Ethical Urgency of Decoloniality in Therapy: From Understanding to Action
| Pengarang | : | Chavez-Dueñas, Nayeli Y.; Adames, Hector Y.; Pope, Kenneth S.; Vasquez, Melba J. T. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 510-521 |
| Abstrak | : | Disentangling psychology from the grip of methods, values, ways of knowing, and power structures considered normative within Western societies, all of which have been used to justify dominance and coloniality, presents a complex challenge and an ethical imperative. Psychology must rise to this challenge. This article invites readers to reflect on how coloniality influences the lives of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color in the United States and people from the Global South. The article examines the history of imperialism and colonialism. It considers how Western psychology’s ideas (i.e., psyimperialism) were spread and imposed on others (i.e., psycolonization). This approach fell short of meeting psychology’s ethical responsibilities. The article then discusses why it is critical to broaden the scope of our perspective beyond reflexive acceptance of Western ways of thinking, especially those that violate our ethical values, and weigh other approaches. We conclude with a call to action, offering questions and suggesting strategies that may be useful in moving beyond intentions and commitments to effectively decolonize our practice. |
Negotiating Coherent Science Teacher Professional Learning Experiences Across a University and Partner School Settings
| Pengarang | : | Campbell, Todd,McKenna, Thomas J,Fazio, Xavier,Hetherington-Coy, Amy,Pierce, Patrick |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of Science Teacher Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 30 (No. 1-2) |
| Halaman | : | 179–199 |
| Abstrak | : | This research investigates the assumptions underlying the work of a research–practice partnership (RPP) made up of university science teacher educators and mentoring science teachers. With increased attention to what have been described as significant shifts proposed in science teaching and learning connected to recent standards documents in the United States, increased attention and possibilities exist for collaborative work with in-service mentoring teachers to not only focus on professional learning connected to these standards documents but to do so in ways that can increase the coherence between science teacher education programs and the local schools that preservice science teachers find themselves navigating as they learn to teach. Drawing on the design-based research paradigm connected to conjecture mapping, this current research articulated and tested, using qualitative methods, the design conjectures under lying mentor teachers’ experience within professional learning as part of the RPP. In the end, design conjectures that supported teachers to take on “learner hat” experiences in early stages of the RPP followed by engagement in curriculum codesign and implementation sup ported mentor teachers in beginning to reconceptualize visions of their teaching and learning while also appropriating and tuning high leverage tools to support a focus on student ideas in science class rooms. Finally, issues related to the complexity of teacher education programs were identified for needed increased attention into the future. |
And they are still the guardians of these sacred waters: Land as a process of reconciliation
| Pengarang | : | |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 494-509 |
| Abstrak | : | Given that Indigenous Peoples in Canada continue to face health disparities as a result of ongoing colonial attempts at genocide, reconciliation requires using a decolonized health framework that identifies oppression and marginalization while seeking to improve Indigenous Peoples’ health and facilitates a shared understanding of well-being. Community and land-based interventions hold promise in providing insight into how the reconciliatory process can occur and have been shown to successfully address the health disparities experienced by Indigenous Peoples by connecting participants to their kin, culture, and identity. However, the impact of these interventions on facilitators, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous, is lesser known. This qualitative study explores the reconciliatory effects of a decolonized framework on 10 Indigenous and ally community-engaged facilitators during a land-based healing lodge using semistructured pre- and postinterviews. Findings indicate that engaging with the land as an equitable research partner while being reflective allows facilitators to develop a decolonized relationship with the place an intervention is being held, themselves, and effectively engage with the partner community. Furthermore, by implementing a decolonized approach to culturally centered interventions, several facilitators’ perspectives of healing transitioned from understanding healing as an outcome to a holistic process that engages place and the broader ecology. These findings signal a need for those working toward reconciliation (e.g., researchers, evaluators, health and health-allied professionals) to consider the influence of Indigenous ways of knowing and being on both Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals involved in the healing process. |
Multivariate Functional Principal Component Analysis for Data Observed on Different (Dimensional) Domains
| Pengarang | : | Clara Happ |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of the American Statistical Association |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 113 (No. 522) |
| Halaman | : | 649-659 |
| Abstrak | : | Existing approaches for multivariate functional principal component analysis are restricted to data on the same one-dimensional interval. The presented approach focuses on multivariate functional data on different domains that may differ in dimension, such as functions and images. The theoretical basis for multivariate functional principal component analysis is given in terms of a Karhunen–Loève Theorem. For the practically relevant case of a finite Karhunen–Loève representation, a relationship between univariate and multivariate functional principal component analysis is established. This offers an estimation strategy to calculate multivariate functional principal components and scores based on their univariate counterparts. For the resulting estimators, asymptotic results are derived. The approach can be extended to finite univariate expansions in general, not necessarily orthonormal bases. It is also applicable for sparse functional data or data with measurement error. A flexible R implementation is available on CRAN. The new method is shown to be competitive to existing approaches for data observed on a common one-dimensional domain. The motivating application is a neuroimaging study, where the goal is to explore how longitudinal trajectories of a neuropsychological test score covary with FDG-PET brain scans at baseline. Supplementary material, including detailed proofs, additional simulation results, and software is available online. |
Teachers Using a Novel Curriculum on an Introduction to Newtonian Mechanics: The Effects of a Short-Term Professional Development Program
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of Science Teacher Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 30 (No. 1-2) |
| Halaman | : | 159–178 |
| Abstrak | : | The project described here was aimed at developing and evaluating a novel curriculum with corresponding instructional materials for middle school students on an introduction to Newtonian mechanics, based on physics education research findings. A case study showed that teachers who attended a half-day workshop on the curriculum subsequently enacted these materials in their classrooms appropri ately and saw improved student performance. Thus, the project suggests that with only a relatively short amount of training time teachers are able to utilize such materials and consequently to improve teaching and learning in physics classes. We therefore regard it as a promising approach for professional development programs. |
Leaving Schools Behind: The Impact of School Student Body and Working Conditions on Teacher Retention and Migration
| Pengarang | : | Harrell, Pamela Esprivalo ,Thompson, Ruthanne,Brooks, Kanini |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of Science Teacher Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 30 (No. 1-2) |
| Halaman | : | 144–158 |
| Abstrak | : | This 5-year study investigated transfer and retention behavior for 76 science and mathematics teachers in the United States. Counter to the research literature, a bivariate correlation analysis showed that poverty, minority composition, and passing state exams did not impact a decision to transfer schools after the 1st year of teaching, although almost 1 in 5 teachers transferred to a different school and 11% left teaching altogether. A binary regression analysis showed that larger numbers of school discipline infractions increased the likelihood of transferring to a new school by a factor of 45.423. These findings expose the need not only to fill the science and mathematics teacher pipeline but to find ways to prevent public school systems from losing their most valuable asset, their teachers. |
Unsupervised Self-Normalized Change-Point Testing for Time Series
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of the American Statistical Association |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 113 (No. 522) |
| Halaman | : | 637-648 |
| Abstrak | : | We propose a new self-normalized method for testing change points in the time series setting. Self-normalization has been celebrated for its ability to avoid direct estimation of the nuisance asymptotic variance and its flexibility of being generalized to handle quantities other than the mean. However, it was developed and mainly studied for constructing confidence intervals for quantities associated with a stationary time series, and its adaptation to change-point testing can be nontrivial as direct implementation can lead to tests with nonmonotonic power. Compared with existing results on using self-normalization in this direction, the current article proposes a new self-normalized change-point test that does not require prespecifying the number of total change points and is thus unsupervised. In addition, we propose a new contrast-based approach in generalizing self-normalized statistics to handle quantities other than the mean, which is specifically tailored for change-point testing. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to illustrate the finite-sample performance of the proposed method. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. |
Examining the Effects of a Professional Development Initiative on English Learning and Economically Disadvantaged Adolescents’ Scores on a High-Stakes Science Test
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of Science Teacher Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 30 (No. 1-2) |
| Halaman | : | 122–143 |
| Abstrak | : | This study addressed the pressing need to help adolescent English learning and economically disadvantaged student populations suc ceed in science and close achievement gaps. It reports the results of a two-year professional development initiative implemented at a high poverty suburban high school in South Texas. We examined how the combination of purposeful planning, innovative academic vocabulary instruction, Saturday school, structured tutoring, and a timely focused review impacted the science achievement of EL and eco nomically disadvantaged high-school students, at-risk of academic failure, on a high-stakes state exam. Difference-in-proportions tests were used to determine if students at the Intervention Campus showed positive achievement gains on a high-stakes state test. Then we analyzed data between schools by comparing high-stakes exam passing rates between the Intervention Campus and a Comparison Campus. This study found statistically significant results which suggest that the initiative was beneficial to the students within the Intervention Campus and showed promising effects when com pared against a matched Comparison Campus. |
Bayesian Regression Trees for High-Dimensional Prediction and Variable Selection
| Pengarang | : | Antonio R. Linero |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of the American Statistical Association |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 113 (No. 522) |
| Halaman | : | 626-636 |
| Abstrak | : | Decision tree ensembles are an extremely popular tool for obtaining high-quality predictions in nonparametric regression problems. Unmodified, however, many commonly used decision tree ensemble methods do not adapt to sparsity in the regime in which the number of predictors is larger than the number of observations. A recent stream of research concerns the construction of decision tree ensembles that are motivated by a generative probabilistic model, the most influential method being the Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) framework. In this article, we take a Bayesian point of view on this problem and show how to construct priors on decision tree ensembles that are capable of adapting to sparsity in the predictors by placing a sparsity-inducing Dirichlet hyperprior on the splitting proportions of the regression tree prior. We characterize the asymptotic distribution of the number of predictors included in the model and show how this prior can be easily incorporated into existing Markov chain Monte Carlo schemes. We demonstrate that our approach yields useful posterior inclusion probabilities for each predictor and illustrate the usefulness of our approach relative to other decision tree ensemble approaches on both simulated and real datasets. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. |