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Will my student evaluations decrease if I adopt an active learning instructional strategy?
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| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Journal of Physics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 86 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 934–942 |
| Abstrak | : | College instructors are often afraid to use active learning instructional strategies because they fear that students may complain and/or give them lower evaluations of teaching. In this paper, we present data from a survey of 431 physics instructors who had attended the Physics and Astronomy New Faculty Workshop and who attempted to incorporate active learning into their introductory course. Nearly half of respondents (48%) felt that their student evaluations increased, one-third (32%) felt that their student evaluations had not been impacted, and one-fifth (20%) felt that their student evaluations decreased. Thus, contrary to common fears, for these instructors the most likely result from the incorporation of active learning was an increase in student evaluations. |
Single-pixel camera
| Pengarang | : | Tom A. Kuusela |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Journal of Physics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 87 (No. 10) |
| Halaman | : | 846-850 |
| Abstrak | : | A single-pixel camera is an interesting alternative to modern digital cameras featuring millions of pixels. A single-pixel camera is a method that produces images by exploring the object features with a series of spatially resolved patterns of light field while measuring the correlated intensity on a single detector. Nowadays, single-pixel cameras are used on those applications where multi-pixel detectors are not available because the wavelength is not in visible range or light intensity is extremely low. The spatial light modulator is an essential part of any single-pixel camera systems. They are, unfortunately, very expensive. We describe a low-cost version of single pixel camera that can be used in undergraduate physics laboratories. We show that with this camera setup students can easily demonstrate basic characteristics of computational ghost imaging and traditional raster and basis scan. Finally, we explain how to perform compressive sampling of images where the number of measurements is well below the actual pixel number. Compressive sampling is a rapidly expanding method to perform image or signal reconstructions in many field of research. |
Free falling inside flattened spheroids: Gravity tunnels with no exit
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Journal of Physics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 86 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 924–933 |
| Abstrak | : | A “gravity tunnel” is the name given to a fictitious deep shaft drilled inside the Earth so that objects dropped from the surface of the Earth would free fall without ever touching the walls. It is well known that because of the rotation of the Earth, such tunnels are not straight lines but instead they emerge westward of the antipodal point, when the Earth is approximated as a rotating sphere. In this article, we determine the shape of gravity tunnels by taking into account the polar flattening of the Earth resulting from its rotation. The Earth is described as a McLaurin spheroid, an exact equilibrium shape for a rotating homogeneous deformable body that provides a fair description of the actual shape of the Earth. It turns out that the gravitational force acting on an object located inside the spheroid has a simple form (it is harmonic), so that it is straightforward to compute analytically the free fall trajectories. This study follows a procedure presented several times in this journal and elsewhere, i.e., the trajectory is first computed in the geocentric (non-rotating) frame, and it is then analysed in the terrestrial (rotating) frame. We find that when the flattening of the Earth is taken into account, gravity tunnels have no exit: an object dropped from a point of the surface (other than on the equator or a pole) never reaches the surface again, unless the flattening has very specific (and unnatural) values. We also compute the deviations from the vertical for short falls and compare them to standard eastwards and southwards deviation expressions obtained with other modelizations of the gravity of the rotating Earth, in particular, for a rotating spherical body. |
Science museum educators professional growth: Dynamics of changes in research practitioner collaboration
| Pengarang | : | esús Piqueras, Marianne Achiam |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 103 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 389-417 |
| Abstrak | : | Educators' work is a key element in museums' learning experience, yet knowledge about their professional development is still limited. In this study, we followed three science museum educators' professional growth during collaboration with researchers, with special focus on the introduction of research-based frameworks in their practice. To analyse the dynamics of educators' changes in knowledge, practices, and beliefs, we used the interconnected model of professional growth (Clarke & Hollingsworth, 2002. Teach Teacher Edu, 18, 947-967). During the collaboration, key educators' changes were evidenced in a progressive acquisition of the concepts and ideas and their transformation in functional tools for museum practice. However, the anticipation of potential benefits of the use of the theoretical frameworks, as well as the close collaboration in dialogue between researchers and educators, were pivotal for the development of these changes. Furthermore, our results show the significance of the contextualization of the frameworks in familiar practices, exhibits, and specific science content to use the theory in new contexts. Overall, our results suggest that introducing research-based frameworks in the work of museum educators was a successful approach in the collaboration but, at least to some extent, challenge the use of learning theories as solely ground for professional development in informal settings. |
Variation of the apparent size of the Sun visualized with basic photographic equipment
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Journal of Physics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 87 (No. 10) |
| Halaman | : | 839-845 |
| Abstrak | : | Due to the elliptic shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun, the apparent diameter of the Sun varies throughout the year. With digital analysis of a number of images at a given date, the effect can be demonstrated with a digital single lens reflection camera (DSLR) and a standard telephoto lens even over a few days. In the analysis, the influence of image brightness and atmospheric refraction on apparent Sun size and shape have to be removed to reach the accuracy that is required. |
Toward More Inclusive Education: An Empirical Test of the Universal Design for Learning Conceptual Model Among Preservice Teachers
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of Teacher Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 381-395 |
| Abstrak | : | Universal Design for Learning (UDL) holds considerable promise to create inclusive educational environments. Nevertheless, the most recent theoretical UDL model, which includes both teachers' philosophy and praxis of teaching, has never been tested empirically. Therefore, this study aims to validate the UDL model as a "whole" among preservice teachers. Results show that the three philosophical constructs of UDL predict the performance of preservice teachers' practices associated with UDL. These constructs are growth mindset about learning, self-efficacy to implement inclusion, and self-regulation and motivation for teaching. Results also show that preservice teachers think and reason about UDL not as three separate principles (i.e., engagement, representation, action, and expression) but in an interrelated way as the analysis shows them to be a unidimensional factor. Finally, this article discusses the implications of a validated model on UDL for teacher-educators, practitioners, and researchers. |
Classical realization of the quantum Deutsch algorithm
| Pengarang | : | Yohan Vianna |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Journal of Physics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 86 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 914–923 |
| Abstrak | : | In the rapidly growing area of quantum information, the Deutsch algorithm is ubiquitous and, in most cases, the first one to be introduced to any student of this relatively new field of research. The reason for this historical relevance stems from the fact that, although extremely simple, the algorithm conveys all the main features of more complex quantum computations. In spite of its simplicity, the uncountable experimental realizations of the algorithm in a broad variety of physical systems are in general quite involved. The aim of this work is two-fold: to introduce the basic concepts of quantum computation for readers with just a minimum knowledge of quantum mechanics and to present a novel and entirely accessible implementation of a classical analogue of the quantum Deutsch algorithm. By employing only elementary optical devices, such as lenses and diode lasers, this experimental realization has a striking advantage over all previous implementations: it can easily be understood and reproduced in most basic undergraduate or even high-level school laboratories. |
Early childhood science interest development: Variation in interest patterns and parent–child interactions among low-income families
| Pengarang | : | Scott A. Pattison, Lynn D. Dierking |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 103 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 362-388 |
| Abstrak | : | Fostering interest in science is critical for broadening engagement with science topics, careers, and hobbies. Research suggests that these interests begin to form as early as preschool and have long-term implications for participation and learning. However, scholars have only speculated on the processes that shape interest development at this age, when children’s exposure to science primarily occurs during family-based learning experiences. Moving beyond speculation, we conducted a qualitative study with seven low-income mothers and their four-year-old daughters from Head Start to (a) develop a descriptive understanding of science-related interest development for preschool children from traditionally underserved communities and (b) identify differences across families that might explain the variation in children’s interests. The study was conducted over 5 months and included two in-depth interviews and four videotaped sessions in which families engaged in science-related activities. Interviews suggested that children’s science-related interests sparked by the sessions fell along a continuum, from focused interests specific to the materials provided during the sessions to broad interests extending to more general topics and activity types. We also found important variation across families related to mothers’ expression of affect, their involvement and leadership styles, and their approach to re-engaging children when they lost interest or changed focus. |
An Investigation of the Influence of Video Types and External Facilitation on PE lnservice Teachers' Reflections and Their Perceptions of Learning: Findings From the AMPED Cluster Controlled Trial
| Pengarang | : | Gore, Jennifer,Peralta, Louisa R,Bennie, Andrew,Lonsdale, Chris |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of Teacher Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 368-380 |
| Abstrak | : | Teacher professional development (TPD) programs are increasingly using video recordings of teaching practice to develop teacher capacity and foster student learning. However, consensus has yet to be reached about how to utilize video recordings in TPD for physical education (PE) teachers. We used semi-structured interviews and evaluations of PE teachers' written reflective statements to investigate how they reacted as they engaged with different video material and external facilitators during a TPD program. Teachers believed video-based reflection on their own teaching, rather than viewing others' practice, was the most useful, even though both forms of analysis produced a similar depth of reflection. PE teachers also benefited from dialogue with external facilitators during the TPD program. These results highlight the importance of researchers, teachers, and facilitators delivering and participating in TPD collaboratively and focusing on strategies chat may increase the depth of teacher reflection on their own practices, which is considered a first step toward changing classroom practice and improving student outcomes. |
Envelopes, foci, and maxima of special trajectories
| Pengarang | : | Pavlos Mihas |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Journal of Physics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 87 (No. 10) |
| Halaman | : | 836-838 |
| Abstrak | : | Some special orbits are presented. The envelopes of the trajectories are presented, as are the loci of their maxima and their foci. Some of them have critical parameters for the envelope, such as a critical angle or a critical angular velocity. |