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When Artificial Intelligence Takes Shortcuts, Patient Needs Can Get Lost
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| Pengarang | : | Ran Tao |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 1 |
| Abstrak | : | A patient checks into the hospital emergency room, where staff rush her to the intensive care unit (ICU). The radiologist feeds her chest X-ray into an artificial intelligence (AI) program,1 which reports that she likely has pneumonia. Another patient with glaucoma visits his ophthalmologist, who takes a routine image of his retinas. The AI that analyzes the image determines that the patient also has type 2 diabetes. |
On Fairness and Foundations in Machine Learning
| Pengarang | : | Kraeng T. Karolos,L.M. Sri S. Purworini |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 1 |
| Abstrak | : | Machine learning (ML) is revolutionizing many aspects of society, but its widespread adoption raises concerns about transparency, fairness, and trustworthiness. An increasing reliance on ML in critical domains like healthcare and criminal justice necessitates a thorough examination of the fairness and reliability of these systems. Traditional ML algorithms often prioritize overall accuracy, potentially leading to inequitable outcomes for specific subgroups within the data. For instance, an algorithm that is trained on a dataset with an imbalanced representation of different demographics may exhibit biased predictions towards certain groups. To address this issue, we must develop techniques that ensure fairness and mitigate bias. |
Measuring Paper Thickness
| Pengarang | : | Mark Levi |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 7 |
| Abstrak | : | As I was toying with some sheets of paper recently, the following puzzle came to mind: Given two identical sheets of paper and a tape measure, how can we estimate the paper’s thickness? The paper must remain fully undamaged, indistinguishable from its original state. No other items are available. |
Evaluating the Good and Bad of Artificial Intelligence Tools for Climate Research
| Pengarang | : | Matthew R. Francis |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 1 |
| Abstrak | : | Climate change—intertwined with habitat loss, resource extraction, and power usage—is arguably the single biggest issue that humanity faces today. Researchers are contemplating all available tools—including machine learning, a term that is often used interchangeably with artificial intelligence (AI)—to model, mitigate, and otherwise prepare for impending crises. However, no one approach is a panacea; scientists who utilize these tools must sort through legitimate use cases, unnecessary deployments, and broader questions about AI’s positive and negative effects on the future of the planet. |
Mathematical Framework Explains Evolutionary Dynamics of Behavior
| Pengarang | : | Lakshmi Chandrasekaran |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 1 |
| Abstrak | : | If a ninespine stickleback fish could choose between a diet that was rich or poor in nutrients, what would it pick? A 2010 study found that these fish tend to copy each other when choosing a meal, opting for the feeder at which other fish have already foraged [3]. A 2018 mating experiment with fruit flies revealed similar social behavior [1]. The male flies were artificially colored pink or green, and a set of female flies watched other females choose their male partners; the females tended to prefer the same males that were previously selected, even if the colors were reversed. Such behavior, known as conformity, is defined as the tendency to copy the majority opinion. |
Maps of the Moon
| Pengarang | : | Ernest Davis |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 6-7 |
| Abstrak | : | The topographical maps from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), an agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior, have been admired for decades by map enthusiasts and hikers alike. Printed on a scale of 1:24,000 (one inch to 2,000 feet), these beautiful maps are full of detail and marked with contour lines and physical benchmarks. They serve as delightful guides for an afternoon hike, fascinating subjects of study for a rainy day indoors, and suitable art pieces for framing and hanging on a wall. |
Obituary: Peter David Lax
| Pengarang | : | Mac Hyman David Levermore |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 3-5 |
| Abstrak | : | Peter David Lax, a pioneering figure whose groundbreaking work profoundly shaped computational science and applied mathematics, passed away on May 16, 2025, at the age of 99. His death marks the end of an extraordinary career that established foundational principles in the mathematics of fluid dynamics, shock waves, scattering theory, integrable systems, and numerical methods for the solution of partial differential equations. |
Texas State University SIAM Student Chapter Sparks Mathematical Joy at Julia Robinson Math Festival
| Pengarang | : | Eirian Whitson Ivan Ojeda Ruiz |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 2 |
| Abstrak | : | The Texas State University SIAM Student Chapter orchestrated a successful and engaging Julia Robinson Math Festival on Saturday, April 19, at the San Marcos Public Library. The four-hour event brought the joy and practicality of mathematics to the people of San Marcos, Texas, and fostered a lively atmosphere of mathematical exploration for attendees of all ages. |
A Particle-continuum Framework for Sea Ice Floe Dynamics
| Pengarang | : | Quanling Deng, Samuel N. Stechmann, and Nan Chen |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 1 |
| Abstrak | : | Sea ice plays a key role in the Arctic and global climate systems by modulating critical momentum, heat, and material transfer processes between the ocean and atmosphere. Yet despite its importance, sea ice modeling poses a formidable challenge. The phenomenon itself spans vast scales; massive ice sheets that stretch for hundreds of kilometers coexist with smaller, fragmented ice floes that drift, collide, and fracture in the marginal ice zone (MIZ), where ice meets open water. Figure 1 depicts sea ice in the Beaufort Sea off the coast of Alaska and Canada, including ice floes in the MIZ. |
Randomized Linear Algebra in Scientific Computing
| Pengarang | : | Arvind K. Saibaba |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 1 |
| Abstrak | : | People often think of randomness as a nuisance — something that we must contend with, rather than fully embrace. But what if randomization could be a useful tool instead of a hinderance? Randomized numerical linear algebra (RandNLA) is an interdisciplinary area that spans mathematics, computer science, and statistics. This exciting field uses randomization, or sketching, to reduce the computational cost of core numerical linear algebra tasks such as matrix multiplication, the solution of linear systems and least squares problems, and low-rank compression. Since matrices are ubiquitous in data science and scientific computing, advances in RandNLA can reverberate across science and engineering. During the 2025 SIAM Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE25), which took place in Fort Worth, Texas, this past March, Daniel Kressner of École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne delivered an invited presentation about his recent work to advance RandNLA. |