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Advanced Passive Silicon Photonic Devices With Asymmetric Waveguide Structures
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| Pengarang | : | Daoxin Dai |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 106 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2117-2143 |
| Abstrak | : | Various passive photonic integrated devices have been developed successfully with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowires in the past decade. It is well known that SOI-nanowire waveguides have ultrahigh index contrast (Δ) and ultrahigh birefringence. As a result, the structures and the design rules of a silicon photonic device are probably very different from the conventional case of using low-Δ optical waveguides. For example, some asymmetric waveguide structures have been used often to realize many silicon photonic devices developed recently. Furthermore, higher order modes have been involved in some of these silicon photonic devices. This paper discusses the special mode properties of silicon nanophotonic waveguides, including birefringence, mode dispersion, and mode hybridness. A review is then given on recent progress of these advanced passive silicon photonic devices with structural asymmetry, including on-chip polarization-handling devices, mode converters/(de)multiplexers, microring-resonator optical filters/switches, and Mach-Zehnder interferometer optical switches. Silicon photonic integrated circuits with these building blocks are also reviewed, including hybrid (de) multiplexers and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers. |
The Emergence of Silicon Photonics as a Flexible Technology Platform
| Pengarang | : | Xia Chen |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 106 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2101-2116 |
| Abstrak | : | In this paper, we present a brief history of silicon photonics from the early research papers in the late 1980s and early 1990s, to the potentially revolutionary technology that exists today. Given that other papers in this special issue give detailed reviews of key aspects of the technology, this paper will concentrate on the key technological milestones that were crucial in demonstrating the capability of silicon photonics as both a successful technical platform, as well as indicating the potential for commercial success. The paper encompasses discussion of the key technology areas of passive devices, modulators, detectors, light sources, and system integration. In so doing, the paper will also serve as an introduction to the other papers within this special issue. |
The Marine Vessel’s Electrical Power System: From its Birth to Present Day
| Pengarang | : | Espen Skjong |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | - |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 103 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2410-2424 |
| Abstrak | : | Examines the development of marine vehicle power systems from an historical perspective. from the earliest forms of power systems to the current development of all electric ship |
Autotuning in High-Performance Computing Applications
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 106 (No. 11) |
| Halaman | : | 2068-2083 |
| Abstrak | : | Autotuning refers to the automatic generation of a search space of possible implementations of a computation that are evaluated through models and/or empirical measurement to identify the most desirable implementation. Autotuning has the potential to dramatically improve the performance portability of petascale and exascale applications. To date, autotuning has been used primarily in high-performance applications through tunable libraries or previously tuned application code that is integrated directly into the application. This paper draws on the authors' extensive experience applying autotuning to high-performance applications, describing both successes and future challenges. If autotuning is to be widely used in the HPC community, researchers must address the software engineering challenges, manage configuration overheads, and continue to demonstrate significant performance gains and portability across architectures. In particular, tools that configure the application must be integrated into the application build process so that tuning can be reapplied as the application and target architectures evolve. |
Role of Power Hardware in the Loop in Modeling and Simulation for Experimentation in Power and Energy Systems
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | - |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 103 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2401-2409 |
| Abstrak | : | The area of modeling and simulation is a critical aspect in the basic research to commercialization and instantiation cycle. This paper reports on modeling and simulation in the context of verification, validation, and experimentation of power and energy systems and associated electrical apparatus via the utilization of power hardware in the loop (PHIL)-based strategies. PHIL is a powerful technique for testing and demonstration of systems in a rigorous and dynamic manner that is not achievable with other methodologies; however, it must only be conducted with foreknowledge of the technique and its challenges in order to realize its significant benefits. This paper reports on the state of the art in PHIL and its challenges and presents sample case studies illustrating its impact. |
Shore to Ship Power
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | - |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 103 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2381-2400 |
| Abstrak | : | This contribution starts with a review of the state of the art of existing high-voltage shore connection (HVSC) systems in terms of principles, rules, publications, technologies, and relevant installations. Then, tutorial sections present the main technical aspects of HVSC systems as ship-to-shore interface, shore equipment (transformers, converters, etc.), onboard devices (cubicles, shore switchboard, etc.), operating sequences, and feasibility aspects, for both commercial and military applications. Finally, some technical challenges are presented, concerning intentional/unintentional bonding, interactions between HVSC bonding and cathodic protection systems, bonding opportunity, and electrical safety aspects related to bonding issues in case of large earth fault currents in port facilities. |
Power Flow Control and Network Stability in an All-Electric Ship
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | - |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 103 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2355-2380 |
| Abstrak | : | The concept of an all-electric ship, while offering unprecedented advantages from the point of view of efficiency and flexibility of operation, has introduced new challenges in terms of stability and power flow control. The advent of a full power electronics power system has raised new questions from the point of view of system dynamics, particularly when dealing with the new medium-voltage direct current distribution. The overall goal of guaranteeing a secure operation of the power system has brought researchers to consider two main approaches: reducing the dynamics of the large load to operate in a range of dynamics compatible with traditional generation systems, or making the generator set smarter through its power electronics interface. This paper compares these approaches to stable operation, focusing on the latter considered more in line with the progress of technology and in general more appealing. |
Dynamic Load and Storage Integration
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | - |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 103 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2344-2354 |
| Abstrak | : | Modern technology combined with the desire to minimize the size and weight of a ship's power system are leading to renewed interest in more electric or all-electric ships. An important characteristic of the emerging ship power system is an increasing level of load variability, with some future pulsed loads requiring peak power in excess of the available steady-state power. This inevitably leads to the need for some additional energy storage beyond that inherent in the fuel. With the current and evolving technology, it appears that storage will be in the form of batteries, rotating machines, and capacitors. All of these are in use on ships today and all have enjoyed significant technological improvements over the last decade. Moreover, all are expected to be further enhanced by today's materials research. A key benefit of storage is that, when it can be justified for a given load, it can have additional beneficial uses such as ride-through capability to restart a gas turbine if there is an unanticipated power loss; alternatively, storage can be used to stabilize the power grid when switching large loads. Knowing when to stage gas turbine utilization versus energy storage is a key subject in this article. The clear need for storage has raised the opportunity to design a comprehensive storage system, sometimes called an energy magazine, that can combine intermittent generation as well as any or all of the other storage technologies to provide a smaller, lighter and better performing system than would individual storage solutions for each potential application. |
Japanese Autotuning Research: Autotuning Languages and FFT
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 106 (No. 11) |
| Halaman | : | 2056-2067 |
| Abstrak | : | This paper introduces current research on automatic performance tuning, specifically in the Japanese community, from two aspects. First, we discuss autotuning (AT) research from the viewpoint of AT frameworks, including AT methodology, computer languages, and performance models. In addition, target algorithms and applications of AT research are discussed, along with their functions. Then, we focus on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) as a major topic in the applications of adaptable and effective AT technologies and present state-of-the-art algorithms for advanced multicore architectures. An AT methodology for the FFT algorithm is also discussed. |
Electric Propulsion Motor Development for Commercial Ships in Japan
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | - |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 103 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2333-2343 |
| Abstrak | : | Three motors that were developed for icebreakers epitomize the history of electric propulsion motor development in Japan. Direct current (dc) motors were developed for Fuji, commissioned in 1965, and Shirase I, commissioned in 1982, and induction motors were developed for Shirase II, commissioned in 2009. Three separate groups in Japan are actively developing superconducting motors for marine propulsion. The Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology group developed the world's first axial-gap coreless high-temperature superconducting motor (HTS) with a 100-kW output for a liquid neon thermosiphon cooled superconducting machine over a period from 2004 to 2007. The IHI Corporation group has developed four types of axial-type HTS motors since 2004. Using a cooling system based on liquid nitrogen, they achieved the world's highest output at 365 kW in 2007. The Kawasaki Heavy Industries group has been developing radial-type HTS motors since 2007. In 2010, the group developed a 1-MW motor that achieved an output of 450 kW. In 2013, the group also developed a 3-MW motor that achieved an output of 3 MW. Furthermore, the group has developed key hardware technologies for a 20-MW motor. |