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A Survey on Formation Control of Small Satellites
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| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 106 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 440-457 |
| Abstrak | : | This paper comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art development in formation control of small satellites. Satellite formation flying, distributed satellite systems, and fractionated satellite formation are discussed first. Various formation control architectures and methods of small satellites are then introduced, including the leader-following method, the behavior-based method, the virtual structure method, the cyclic pursuit method, the artificial potential function method, the algebraic graph method, and the noncontact force method. Coordinative control of multiple small satellites is also reviewed, covering coordinative control of satellite formation, coordinative attitude control of satellite formation, and coordinative coupled attitude and orbit control of satellite formation. The achievements and development trends of the formation control of small satellites are considered and analyzed. |
Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy Systems
| Pengarang | : | Bimal K. Bose |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 105 (No. 11) |
| Halaman | : | 2011-2018 |
| Abstrak | : | The paper is basically an introduction of power electronics and its applications with emphasis on renewable energy systems and smart grid. The advent of modern power electronics has brought tremendous impact on power systems, besides the usual industrial applications to improve productivity. Power electronics is possibly the most important element in modern smart grid and renewable energy systems. The discussion in the paper will include modern power semiconductor devices and applications of power electronics in energy saving, electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and grid energy storage. Finally, the basic elements of smart grid will be reviewed. |
Materials science, instrument knowledge, and the power source renaissance
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 105 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2382-2389 |
| Abstrak | : | This month's article tracks the progress of power source technoscience through the last quarter of the twentieth century and beyond by highlighting how the revolution in materials science helped beget the revolution in power sources technoscience. |
Nonorthogonal Multiple Access for 5G and Beyond
| Pengarang | : | Carina Gerstenberger |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 105 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2347-2381 |
| Abstrak | : | Driven by the rapid escalation of the wireless capacity requirements imposed by advanced multimedia applications (e.g., ultrahigh-definition video, virtual reality, etc.), as well as the dramatically increasing demand for user access required for the Internet of Things (IoT), the fifth-generation (5G) networks face challenges in terms of supporting large-scale heterogeneous data traffic. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which has been recently proposed for the third-generation partnership projects long-term evolution advanced (3GPP-LTE-A), constitutes a promising technology of addressing the aforementioned challenges in 5G networks by accommodating several users within the same orthogonal resource block. By doing so, significant bandwidth efficiency enhancement can be attained over conventional orthogonal multiple-access (OMA) techniques. This motivated numerous researchers to dedicate substantial research contributions to this field. In this context, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in power-domain multiplexing-aided NOMA, with a focus on the theoretical NOMA principles, multiple-antenna-aided NOMA design, on the interplay between NOMA and cooperative transmission, on the resource control of NOMA, on the coexistence of NOMA with other emerging potential 5G techniques and on the comparison with other NOMA variants. We highlight the main advantages of power-domain multiplexing NOMA compared to other existing NOMA techniques. We summarize the challenges of existing research contributions of NOMA and provide potential solutions. Finally, we offer some design guidelines for NOMA systems and identify promising research opportunities for the future. |
System Scaling With Nanostructured Power and RF Components
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 105 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2330-2346 |
| Abstrak | : | The emergence of smartphones and other smart systems is driving new trends in electronics scaling that goes beyond transistors or active devices, to include all the system components such as packaging substrates, passive components, thermal structures, power sources, and the system interconnections. Current system components are at milliscale, creating a 103 to 106 scaling gap with the packaging interfaces at microscale, and transistors at nanodimensions. With current microstructured materials, component miniaturization also degrades performance metrics such as efficiency, tolerance or precision, thermal and frequency stability. Nanostructured materials and processes can potentially miniaturize these system components, while simultaneously enhancing the performance. These nanostructured components are assembled close to the active devices, resulting in ultraminiaturized and ultrathin systems with 3-D integration of passives with actives. This paper shows the impact of nanostructured materials toward enhancing the performance and miniaturization of power and radio-frequency (RF) passive components in emerging smart systems. Opportunities for nanostructured materials in improving the power density and efficiency of capacitors and inductors in power-supply modules are reviewed in the first part of the paper. The impact of nanostructured magnetic, dielectric and magneto-dielectric films on emerging RF subsystems is illustrated in the last part of the paper. |
Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks: A Tutorial and Survey
| Pengarang | : | Vivienne Sze |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 105 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 2295-2329 |
| Abstrak | : | Deep neural networks (DNNs) are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Accordingly, techniques that enable efficient processing of DNNs to improve energy efficiency and throughput without sacrificing application accuracy or increasing hardware cost are critical to the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems. This article aims to provide a comprehensive tutorial and survey about the recent advances toward the goal of enabling efficient processing of DNNs. Specifically, it will provide an overview of DNNs, discuss various hardware platforms and architectures that support DNNs, and highlight key trends in reducing the computation cost of DNNs either solely via hardware design changes or via joint hardware design and DNN algorithm changes. It will also summarize various development resources that enable researchers and practitioners to quickly get started in this field, and highlight important benchmarking metrics and design considerations that should be used for evaluating the rapidly growing number of DNN hardware designs, optionally including algorithmic codesigns, being proposed in academia and industry. The reader will take away the following concepts from this article: understand the key design considerations for DNNs; be able to evaluate different DNN hardware implementations with benchmarks and comparison metrics; understand the tradeoffs between various hardware architectures and platforms; be able to evaluate the utility of various DNN design techniques for efficient processing; and understand recent implementation trends and opportunities. |
Robotics and AI-Enabled On-Orbit Operations With Future Generation of Small Satellites
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 106 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 429-439 |
| Abstrak | : | The low-cost and short-lead time of small satellites has led to their use in science-based missions, earth observation, and interplanetary missions. Today, they are also key instruments in orchestrating technological demonstrations for On-Orbit Operations (O3) such as inspection and spacecraft servicing with planned roles in active debris removal and on-orbit assembly. This paper provides an overview of the robotics and autonomous systems (RASs) technologies that enable robotic O3 on smallsat platforms. Major RAS topics such as sensing & perception, guidance, navigation & control (GN&C) microgravity mobility and mobile manipulation, and autonomy are discussed from the perspective of relevant past and planned missions. |
Energy Storage Technologies for Small Satellite Applications
| Pengarang | : | Keith B. Chin |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 106 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 419-428 |
| Abstrak | : | Rapid advances in small satellite (often referred to as CubeSats) technology are providing opportunities for space exploration to a wide range of users (in particular universities) at substantially reduced costs. Many of the capabilities provided by larger satellites and spacecraft (>2000 kg) are now available through small satellite technologies. Ongoing improvements in attitude control, propulsion, advanced communications, and scientific instrumentation continue to enhance their benefits, even within such strict volume and mass constraints. With such advances in CubeSat technologies, the power and energy demands have also increased dramatically, necessitating the need for larger deployable solar arrays, lower power electronics, efficient energy storage systems, and even energy transfer/harvesting systems. In terms of energy storage, more advanced battery chemistries with higher energy densities and higher power capabilities over a wider operating temperature range are also a fundamental need. There already exist today numerous commercially available energy storage options suitable for CubeSat applications, although many missions rely on custom designs. Similar to standard satellite design, the selection of an appropriate energy storage system is driven by mission requirements related to power, energy, and lifetime. This paper will provide a general review of performance capabilities of state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery technologies, as well as other advanced energy storage systems for small satellite applications. |
Radar Technologies for Earth Remote Sensing From CubeSat Platforms
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 106 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 404-418 |
| Abstrak | : | Space-based radar observations have transformed our understanding of Earth over the last several decades. Driven by increasingly complex science questions, space radar missions have grown ever more sophisticated with costs rising often to hundreds of millions of dollars. At the other end of the cost and complexity spectrum, CubeSats have emerged in recent years as a disruptive innovation in the satellite sector and are now considered a means to address targeted science questions in a rapid and affordable manner. CubeSats enable new kinds of constellation-based Earth science observations not previously affordable with traditional spacecraft. Constellations of low-cost sensors provide both global spatial and high temporal coverage. As such, CubeSats are not only viable platforms to address current Earth science goals, but they also open a new realm of possibilities for science advancement and unique applications. Radar instruments have often been regarded as unsuitable for small satellite platforms due to their traditionally large size, weight, and power (SWaP). Burgeoning missions such as Radar in a CubeSat (RainCube) and CubeSat Imaging Radar for Earth Science (CIRES), being developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory and SRI International, respectively, and funded by NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO), are slated to dispel this notion. The key to the simplification and miniaturization of the radar subsystems in a manner that still offers compelling science and applications is 1) component technological advancement; and 2) an integrated instrument architecture and mission design that exploits the capabilities offered by CubeSat platforms. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and future developments of CubeSat radar missions for Earth remote sensing and the implications for NASA’s current and future Earth Science program. The key enabling technologies for radio frequency (RF), digital, and antennas are surveyed, as well as the evolution of the CubeSat avioni... |
Advanced Antennas for Small Satellites
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 106 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 391-403 |
| Abstrak | : | Antenna is one of the key components onboard small satellites as its design determines the performance of all the wireless systems including telemetry, tracking and control, high-speed data downlink, navigation, intersatellite communications, intrasatellite communications, wireless power transfer, radars and sensors, etc. This paper presents a review of recent development in advanced antennas for small satellites (MiniSat, MicroSat, NanoSat, CubeSat, etc.). A number of recent examples of antennas for small satellite applications are shown and discussed. A conclusion and future development in antennas for small satellites are given in the end. |