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The Write Stuff: Does Writing on Multiple-Choice Exams Correlate with Student Success?
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| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 199-201 |
| Abstrak | : | Students in the physical sciences—physics and chemistry—often take multiple-choice exams for introductory courses. Some students will write a lot on their exams, while others write very little. Does the student doing more scratch work on their exam perform better than one who does not write as much? We analyzed multiple-choice exams in physics and chemistry, measuring the amount of student writing on each exam, and explored the correlation between scratch work and exam grade. We conclude that, on average, successful students write more on their exams than unsuccessful students. Faculty should model problem-solving strategies that involve writing and drawing to increase a student’s propensity for success. |
Gravitational Analogies for the Stopping Voltage and the Work Function in the Photoelectric Effect
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 196-198 |
| Abstrak | : | The photoelectric effect consists of electrons emerging from the region near the inner surface of a metallic solid toward the outside vacuum, when the metal surface is illuminated. The effect depends on the frequency of the light waves and the properties of the metal surface. In particular, a minimum or “threshold” frequency of light is necessary to produce the effect in each metal. |
Will Serverless Computing Revolutionize NFV?
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 107 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 667-678 |
| Abstrak | : | Communication networks need to be both adaptive and scalable. The last few years have seen an explosive growth of software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) to address this need. Both technologies help enable networking software to be decoupled from the hardware so that software functionality is no longer constrained by the underlying hardware and can evolve independently. Both SDN and NFV aim to advance a software-based approach to networking, where networking functionality is implemented in software modules and executed on a suitable cloud computing platform. Achieving this goal requires the virtualization paradigm used in these services that play an important role in the transition to software-based networks. Consequently, the corresponding computing platforms accompanying the virtualization technologies need to provide the required agility, robustness, and scalability for the services executed. Serverless computing has recently emerged as a new paradigm in virtualization and has already significantly changed the economics of offloading computations to the cloud. It is considered as a low-latency, resource-efficient, and rapidly deployable alternative to traditional virtualization approaches, such as those based on virtual machines and containers. Serverless computing provides scalability and cost reduction, without requiring any additional configuration overhead on the part of the developer. In this paper, we explore and survey how serverless computing technology can help building adaptive and scalable networks and show the potential pitfalls of doing so. |
Resources for Supporting Students With and Without Disabilities in Your Physics Courses
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 192-195 |
| Abstrak | : | All students deserve access to effective, equitable physics education. Postsecondary faculty have been shown to be unprepared to support students with disabilities in their classes, and popular, research-based introductory physics curricula do not adequately plan for variations in learners’ needs, abilities, and interests. It is urgent to address this disparity because students with disabilities are enrolling in postsecondary education at increasing rates and enroll in STEM degree programs at steady rates. Specifically, in 2014, the National Center on Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) found that 10.5% of students enrolled in science and engineering degree programs identified with a disability. The purpose of this paper is to provide resources that instructors can use in their classes to promote accessibility and support all learners. In this paper we: 1) provide a brief review of the literature related to supporting students with disabilities in the context of STEM; 2) describe Universal Design for Learning, which is a design framework intended to encourage development of curricula that support all learners; and 3) provide a list of resources that physics instructors can use to increase support for students with disabilities. |
Introducing the Future Circular Collider (FCC) into Secondary Classrooms
| Pengarang | : | Xabier Cid-Vidal |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 189-191 |
| Abstrak | : | This article presents some simple calculations related to the Future Circular Collider (FCC), which is being studied at CERN as a potential future replacement for the world’s largest particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The aim of this article is to bring particle physics into secondary school classrooms using the physics of the FCC. This article presents some methods to calculate some of the accelerator’s important parameters. In this way, it is possible to explore a range of physical concepts and to introduce one of the most relevant research projects in science today. |
Impetus-Like Reasoning as Continuous with Newtonian Physics
| Pengarang | : | Amy D. Robertson |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 185-188 |
| Abstrak | : | Among the student ideas about forces discussed in the literature, perhaps the most commonly reported is the notion of an impetus force, or the “belief that there is a force inside a moving object that keeps it going and causes it to have some speed.” For example, Clement asked university students taking introductory mechanics to draw a free-body diagram for a coin that has been tossed upward. He found that students often drew an arrow in the direction of the coin’s motion, at a point midway between the initial toss and the turnaround point, sometimes providing reasoning that suggested that the arrow corresponds to a “force from your hand” or the “force of the throw.” Clement interpreted these responses as indicating that “student[s] may believe that continuing motion implies the presence of a continuing force in the same direction, as a necessary cause of the motion.” As another example, in a study conducted with undergraduate students at Johns Hopkins University, McCloskey, Caramazza, and Green asked students to draw the path a ball will follow after it exits the curved tubes pictured in Fig. 1. The authors found that students often drew curved trajectories for the ball exiting each tube, and they coined the term “curvilinear impetus principle” to describe students’ reasoning. They write that students reasoned as though “an object constrained to move in a curved path acquires a curvilinear impetus that causes it to continue in a curved trajectory for some time after the constraints on its motion are removed.” |
Web AR: A Promising Future for Mobile Augmented Reality—State of the Art, Challenges, and Insights
| Pengarang | : | Xiuquan Qiao |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 107 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 651-666 |
| Abstrak | : | Mobile augmented reality (Mobile AR) is gaining increasing attention from both academia and industry. Hardware-based Mobile AR and App-based Mobile AR are the two dominant platforms for Mobile AR applications. However, hardware-based Mobile AR implementation is known to be costly and lacks flexibility, while the App-based one requires additional downloading and installation in advance and is inconvenient for cross-platform deployment. In comparison, Web-based AR (Web AR) implementation can provide a pervasive Mobile AR experience to users thanks to the many successful deployments of the Web as a lightweight and cross-platform service provisioning platform. Furthermore, the emergence of 5G mobile communication networks has the potential to enhance the communication efficiency of Mobile AR dense computing in the Web-based approach. We conjecture that Web AR will deliver an innovative technology to enrich our ways of interacting with the physical (and cyber) world around us. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technology and existing implementations of Mobile AR, as well as enabling technologies and challenges when AR meets the Web. Furthermore, we elaborate on the different potential Web AR provisioning approaches, especially the adaptive and scalable collaborative distributed solution which adopts the osmotic computing paradigm to provide Web AR services. We conclude this paper with the discussions of open challenges and research directions under current 3G/4G networks and the future 5G networks. We hope that this paper will help researchers and developers to gain a better understanding of the state of the research and development in Web AR and at the same time stimulate more research interest and effort on delivering life-enriching Web AR experiences to the fast-growing mobile and wireless business and consumer industry of the 21st century. |
Acoustic Standing Waves: A Battle Between Models
| Pengarang | : | Franz Boczianowski |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 181-184 |
| Abstrak | : | Science labs should promote reasoning that resembles the work that scientists do. However, this is often not the case. We present a lab in which students strive to find out which of two models best describes a physics experiment. The quantification of measurement uncertainties—another topic that is often neglected in high school curricula—determines the quality of the data, and will play a central role in the final decision between these models and is a vital skill in the modern world. |
Scalable 360° Video Stream Delivery: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 107 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 639-650 |
| Abstrak | : | In recent years, virtual reality and augmented reality applications have seen a significant increase in popularity. This is due to multiple technology trends. First, the availability of new tethered and wireless head-mounted displays allows viewers to consume new types of content. Second, 360° omnidirectional cameras, in combination with production software, make it easier to produce personalized 360° videos. Third, beyond these new developments for creating and consuming such content, video sharing websites and social media platforms enable users to publish and view 360° video content. In this paper, we present challenges of 360° video streaming systems, give an overview of existing approaches for 360° video streaming, and outline research opportunities enabled by 360° video. We focus on the data model for 360° video and the different challenges and approaches of creating, distributing, and presenting 360° video content, including 360° video recording, storage, distribution, edge delivery, and quality-of-experience evaluation. In addition, we identify major research opportunities with respect to efficient storage, timely distribution, and cybersickness-free personalized viewing of 360° videos. |
Fury Road: Medical Physics Education Using Film Available to Purchase
| Pengarang | : | Ulas Ustun |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 177-180 |
| Abstrak | : | As part of a public education outreach effort, an introduction to the health effects of ionizing radiation and the field of medical physics was developed by a clinical medical physicist. The presentation was delivered to a broad public audience in 2019 (prior to COVID-19 safety concerns) through a community outreach science literacy program that pairs popular films with educational material. The program is a collaboration between a local science center and a community movie theater, and includes content developed by a keynote guest scientist and the screening of a popular film. The film chosen for the medical physics curriculum was “Mad Max: Fury Road” (Warner Bros. Pictures, Burbank, CA), which takes place in a fictional post-apocalyptic environment with widespread radiation contamination. The lecture introduced the audience to concepts of ionizing radiation, DNA damage from radiation, risk models, historical significance, ionizing radiation in the film, and ionizing radiation in our world (including therapeutic medical applications). A panel of clinical medical physicists answered audience questions following the film screening. Event attendance was high, with ticketed and lecturer seats occupying 98% of the theater’s seating capacity. Informal feedback from audience members indicated attendees had an increased interest of the field of medical physics following the program. The described education and outreach format may be used by educators interested in similar opportunities in their own communities, and also may be adapted as an entertaining and accessible installment of a physics club, seminar, or colloquium event in more formal educational settings. The electronic lecture slides are available for download as supplementary materials. |