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Revolution of Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies Accelerated by Wide Bandgap Devices
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| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 109 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 985-1003 |
| Abstrak | : | This article presents the state-of-the-art electric vehicle (EV) charging technologies that benefit from the wide bandgap (WBG) devices, which is regarded as the most significant revolution in the power electronics industry in the past few decades. First, the recent WBG device technology evolution, performance comparison, and reliability issues are introduced. Then, topology development, efficiency and power density boost, and cost reduction brought by the WBG devices for EV charging equipment, such as onboard chargers, fast-charging stations, and wireless chargers, are discussed. A figure of merit (FOM) for evaluating the performance of wireless chargers is also proposed. Finally, the EV charging technology roadmap forecast is presented based on the WBG devices' evolutionary trends. |
State of the Art and Trends in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 109 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 967-984 |
| Abstrak | : | Electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEV) are promising solutions for fossil fuel conservation and pollution reduction for a safe environment and sustainable transportation. The design of these energy-efficient powertrains requires optimization of components, systems, and controls. Controls entail battery management, fuel consumption, driver performance demand emissions, and management strategy. The hardware optimization entails powertrain architecture, transmission type, power electronic converters, and energy storage systems. In this overview, all these factors are addressed and reviewed. Major challenges and future technologies for EV/HEV are also discussed. Published suggestions and recommendations are surveyed and evaluated in this review. The outcomes of detailed studies are presented in tabular form to compare the strengths and weaknesses of various methods. Furthermore, issues in the current research are discussed, and suggestions toward further advancement of the technology are offered. This article analyzes current research and suggests challenges and scope of future research in EV/HEV and can serve as a reference for those working in this field. |
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
| Pengarang | : | Mehrdad Ehsani |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 109 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 962-966 |
| Abstrak | : | Land transportation over the past two centuries has experienced astonishing advancement. Up until the 1860s, it took more than six months to get from the East Coast to the West Coast of the United States. Today, it may take only three days by automobile. We are even considering flying cars and there are air-taxi startup companies that have announced going public [1]. Vehicle propulsion electrification is at the core of this modern land vehicle revolution. However, the concept of electric vehicle traction is not new. |
Why engineers are right to avoid the quantum reality offered by the orthodox theory
| Pengarang | : | Xavier Oriols |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 109 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 955-961 |
| Abstrak | : | We are currently in the middle of a second quantum revolution where the rules discovered a century ago to understand the quantum world are being applied to develop new quantum technologies [1]. Yet, most of the understanding of quantum physics is developed from the orthodox (also known as the Copenhagen) interpretation of the quantum phenomena [2], [3]. However, the orthodox theory has important difficulties in providing an intuitive view of quantum technologies because it states that a quantum object has only real properties when it is measured by an observer. This view of the reality of quantum objects is unnatural to engineers and, thus, is ignored by them when analyzing their realworld devices. What is natural to engineers is to imagine that the reality of an object (their properties) is independent of whether the object is measured or not. |
Swedish Cryptology II
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 109 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 1942-1951 |
| Abstrak | : | In this second installment about Swedish cryptology, we will describe the successes and failures in intercepting, cryptanalyzing, and reading the secret messages of potentially hostile and other countries during WW2. The information gathered aided the government in its quest to stay neutral and kept the military leadership informed about possible threats of invasion. |
Extraction and Utilization of Excitation Information of Speech: A Review
| Pengarang | : | Sudarsana Reddy Kadiri |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 109 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 1920-1941 |
| Abstrak | : | Speech production can be regarded as a process where a time-varying vocal tract system (filter) is excited by a time-varying excitation. In addition to its linguistic message, the speech signal also carries information about, for example, the gender and age of the speaker. Moreover, the speech signal includes acoustical cues about several speaker traits, such as the emotional state and the state of health of the speaker. In order to understand the production of these acoustical cues by the human speech production mechanism and utilize this information in speech technology, it is necessary to extract features describing both the excitation and the filter of the human speech production mechanism. While the methods to estimate and parameterize the vocal tract system are well established, the excitation appears less studied. This article provides a review of signal processing approaches used for the extraction of excitation information from speech. This article highlights the importance of excitation information in the analysis and classification of phonation type and vocal emotions, in the analysis of nonverbal laughter sounds, and in studying pathological voices. Furthermore, recent developments of deep learning techniques in the context of extraction and utilization of the excitation information are discussed. |
Building In-the-Cloud Network Functions: Security and Privacy Challenges
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 109 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 1888-1919 |
| Abstrak | : | Network function virtualization (NFV) has been promising to improve the availability, programmability, and flexibility of network function deployment and communication facilities. Meanwhile, with the advancements of cloud technologies, there has been a trend to outsource network functions through virtualization to a cloud service provider, so as to alleviate the local burdens on provisioning and managing such hardware resources. Promising as it is, redirecting the communication traffic to a third-party service provider has drawn various security and privacy concerns. Traditional end-to-end encryption can protect the traffic in transmit, but it also hinders data usability. This dilemma has raised wide interests from both industry and academia, and great efforts have been made to realize privacy-preserving network function outsourcing that can guarantee the confidentiality of network communications while preserving the ability to inspect the traffic. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art literature on network function outsourcing, with a special focus on privacy and security issues. We first give a brief introduction to NFV and pinpoint its challenges and security risks in the cloud context. Then, we present detailed descriptions and comparisons of existing secure network function outsourcing schemes in terms of functionality, efficiency, and security. Finally, we conclude by discussing possible future research directions. |
Do Dense 5G Networks Increase Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
| Pengarang | : | Ester Mariani Ga |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 109 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 1880-1887 |
| Abstrak | : | The debate over whether electromagnetic fields (EMFs) exposure poses a danger to human health is recurring and goes back centuries to when our society first began to rely on electricity |
Two Differential Mechanisms
| Pengarang | : | Thomas B. Greenslade, Jr. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 294-295 |
| Abstrak | : | About 30 years ago I taught a series of summer enrichment programs for high school physics teachers, using funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institutes. I deliberately chose teachers from smaller cities and towns who were unlikely to have contact with other physics teachers. One of my more interesting teachers came from a rural area in a far Midwestern state. He was teaching all of the sciences, including physics, and had never had a college course in physics. His technique was to have the students disassemble devices and analyze their operation. |
Synthetic Morphogenesis: Introducing IEEE Journal Readers to Programming Living Mammalian Cells to Make Structures
| Pengarang | : | Jamie A. Davies |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 110 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 688-707 |
| Abstrak | : | Synthetic morphogenesis is a new engineering discipline, in which cells are genetically engineered to make designed shapes and structures. At least in this early phase of the field, devices tend to make use of natural shape-generating processes that operate in embryonic development but invoke them artificially at times and in orders of a technologist’s choosing. This requires the construction of genetic control, sequencing, and feedback systems that have close parallels to electronic design, which is one reason the field may be of interest to readers of IEEE journals. The other reason is that synthetic morphogenesis allows the construction of two-way interfaces, especially optogenetic and optoelectronic, between the living and the electronic, allowing unprecedented information flow and control between the two types of “machines.” This review introduces synthetic morphogenesis, illustrates what has been achieved, drawing parallels wherever possible between biology and electronics, and looks forward to likely next steps and challenges to be overcome. |