OPAC - Pencarian Artikel Jurnal & Majalah Library USD
Menampilkan semua artikel (Halaman 730 dari 34166, Total: 341652 data)
Converting Physlets and Other Java Programs to JavaScript
klik untuk membaca file PDF
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 278-281 |
| Abstrak | : | Physlets, educational applets developed at Davidson College, are a widely used teaching resource designed to simulate a variety of physical phenomena. Originally, each Physlet was a Java simulation that was embedded in an HTML page as an applet and then customized using JavaScript to simulate a specific physics concept. The use of Java to simulate the physics and HTML + JavaScript to add narrative and to customize the web page allowed teachers to create thousands of Physlet-based illustrations, explorations, and problems. Unfortunately, changes in technology standards have required a drastic change in how these learning resources can be delivered. |
Spiking Control Systems
| Pengarang | : | Kang, Hyun Sook,Veitch, Hillary |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 110 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 577-589 |
| Abstrak | : | Spikes and rhythms organize control and communication in the animal world, in contrast to the bits and clocks of digital technology. As continuous-time signals that can be counted, spikes have a mixed nature. This article reviews ongoing efforts to develop a control theory of spiking systems. The central thesis is that the mixed nature of spiking results from a mixed feedback principle, and a control theory of mixed feedback can be grounded in the operator theoretic concept of maximal monotonicity. As a nonlinear generalization of passivity, maximal monotonicity acknowledges at once the physics of electrical circuits, the algorithmic tractability of convex optimization, and the feedback control theory of incremental passivity. We discuss the relevance of a theory of spiking control systems in the emerging age of event-based technology. |
Machine Learning Approaches to Single-Cell Data Integration and Translation
| Pengarang | : | Caroline Uhler |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 110 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 557-576 |
| Abstrak | : | Experimental single-cell data often presents an incomplete picture due to its destructive nature: 1) we collect certain experimental measurements of cells but lack measurements under different experimental conditions or data modalities; 2) we collect data of cells at certain time points but lack measurements at other time points; or 3) we collect data of cells under certain perturbations but lack data for other types of perturbations. In this article, we will discuss machine learning approaches to address these types of translation and counterfactual problems. We will begin by giving an overview on single-cell biology applications and the relevant translation problems. Subsequently, we will provide an overview of approaches for multidomain alignment and translation in machine learning, including methods based on generative modeling, optimal transport, and causal inference. The bulk of this article will focus on how these approaches have been tailored and applied to important translation problems in single-cell biology, illustrated through concrete examples from our own work. We end with open problems and a perspective on how biology may not only be uniquely suited to being one of the greatest beneficiaries of machine learning but also one of the greatest sources of inspiration for it. |
The Pedagogical Power of Wonder Questions
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 275-277 |
| Abstrak | : | There is no shortage of great pedagogical tools available, but many require considerable investment of time and effort (and oftentimes money and equipment), which can be a significant barrier for already time-poor teachers. Wonder Questions is a pedagogical tool that is simple, flexible, and pedagogically powerful in three ways: 1) it supports and stimulates student learning, 2) it models scientists’ behavior, and 3) it can be a powerful motivator for students and teachers alike. In short, Wonder Questions is a task that requires students to produce a question as opposed to an answer. It can be posed in the following way: “Write a Wonder Question. A Wonder Question is something you wonder about after having done the pre-work that is related to it but not necessarily covered by it.” Note that “Wonder Questions” refers to the pedagogical tool, whereas “Wonder Questions” refers to a set of actual student questions. |
Metabolic Networks, Microbial Consortia, and Analogies to Smart Grids
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 110 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 541-556 |
| Abstrak | : | Metabolic network analysis is an accessible and versatile modeling approach for biology that has taken much inspiration from electric circuit analysis. After introducing its main concepts, we focus on numerical tools, such as optimization and sampling, to predict cellular features and behaviors at a large scale. Optimization approaches exploit that metabolic networks are shaped by evolution and are, thus, assumed to embed a fitness condition reflecting the environment that they evolved in. In the past ten years, there is a trend to generalize metabolic network analysis to consortia of interacting species. This raises technical questions on, for example, optimality in consortia but also more general ones on metabolic coevolution, information exchange, and adaptation. This suggests and allows us to explore interesting analogies to technological systems, specifically to smart grids. |
Diffraction Experiments with a Smart Cart
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 272-274 |
| Abstrak | : | The use of smartphones in experimental physics is by now widely accepted and documented. PASCO scientific’s Smart Cart, in combination with student-owned smartphones and free apps, has opened a new universe of low-cost experiments that have traditionally required cumbersome and expensive equipment. In this paper, we demonstrate the simplicity, convenience, and cost-savings achieved by replacing a plethora of traditional motion sensors, wires, interface boards, and other equipment clutter with the smart cart, PASPORT® High Sensitivity Light Sensor, and the free SPARKvue® app by carrying out diffraction measurements of light with a single as well as double slit. Rylander and Miller reported a similar experiment but with an ordinary laboratory cart and a motion sensor to extract the precise position of the light sensor. The use of the smart cart in this report obviates the need for using a motion sensor and the laborious extraction of the position data. |
The Hallmarks of Mathematical Oncology
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 110 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 523-540 |
| Abstrak | : | Over the past 25 years, there has been an unparalleled increase in understanding of cancer biology. This transformation is exemplified by Hanahan and Weinberg’s decision in 2011 to expand their original Hallmarks of Cancer from six traits to ten! At the same time, mathematical modeling has emerged as a natural tool for unraveling the complex processes that contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer, for testing hypotheses about experimental and clinical observations and assisting with the development of new approaches for improving its treatment. This article starts by reviewing some of the earliest models of tumor growth and tumor responses to radiotherapy. Following Hanahan and Weinberg’s lead, attention then focuses on how closer collaboration with cancer scientists and access to experimental data are stimulating the development of new and increasingly detailed models that account, for example, for tumor–immune interactions and immunotherapy. The article concludes by discussing the ways in which mathematical modeling is being integrated with experimental and clinical studies, and outlining how this could improve disease diagnosis and the delivery of effective personalized treatments to cancer patients. As such, this article serves as an introduction to mathematical modeling of cancer and its treatments, suitable for researchers seeking to enter the field. |
Shear Modulus Determination Using the Smartphone in a Torsion Pendulum
| Pengarang | : | |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 59 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 268-271 |
| Abstrak | : | Implementing smartphones with their internal sensors into physics experiments represents a modern, attractive, and authentic approach to improve students’ conceptual understanding of physics. In such experiments, smartphones often serve as objects with physical properties and as digital measurement devices to record, display, and analyze quantities such as the angular velocity, linear acceleration, magnetic flux, sound pressures, light intensity, etc. For example, the MEMS accelerometer and gyroscope are utilized to study the dependence of the radial acceleration on the angular velocity in circular motions and oscillation periods or the acceleration due to gravity via different pendulum setups. |
Pervasive Machine Learning for Smart Radio Environments Enabled by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
| Pengarang | : | George C. Alexandropoulos |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 110 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1494-1525 |
| Abstrak | : | The emerging technology of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) is provisioned as an enabler of smart wireless environments, offering a highly scalable, low-cost, hardware-efficient, and almost energy-neutral solution for dynamic control of the propagation of electromagnetic signals over the wireless medium, ultimately providing increased environmental intelligence for diverse operation objectives. One of the major challenges with the envisioned dense deployment of RISs in such reconfigurable radio environments is the efficient configuration of multiple metasurfaces with limited, or even the absence of, computing hardware. In this article, we consider multiuser and multi-RIS-empowered wireless systems and present a thorough survey of the online machine learning approaches for the orchestration of their various tunable components. Focusing on the sum-rate maximization as a representative design objective, we present a comprehensive problem formulation based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). We detail the correspondences among the parameters of the wireless system and the DRL terminology, and devise generic algorithmic steps for the artificial neural network training and deployment while discussing their implementation details. Further practical considerations for multi-RIS-empowered wireless communications in the sixth-generation (6G) era are presented along with some key open research challenges. Different from the DRL-based status quo, we leverage the independence between the configuration of the system design parameters and the future states of the wireless environment, and present efficient multiarmed bandits approaches, whose resulting sum-rate performances are numerically shown to outperform random configurations, while being sufficiently close to the conventional deep Q network (DQN) algorithm, but with lower implementation complexity. |
Software-Defined Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: From Theory to End-to-End Implementation
| Pengarang | : | Christos Liaskos |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 110 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1466-1493 |
| Abstrak | : | Programmable wireless environments (PWEs) utilize internetworked intelligent metasurfaces to transform wireless propagation into a software-controlled resource. In this article, the interplay is explored between the user devices, the metasurfaces, and the PWE control system from the theory to the end-to-end implementation. This article first discusses the metasurface hardware and software, covering the complete workflow from the user device initialization to its final service via the PWE. Furthermore, to be compatible with the 5G and 6G wireless systems, the software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm is extended to achieve scalable internetworking and central control in PWE deployments with multiple metasurfaces and multihop communication. Subsequently, the set of SDN foundations is exploited in order to abstract the physics behind PWEs and a theoretical framework is established to describe and manipulate them in an algorithmic form. This can lead to smart radio environments that are readily accessible from various engineering disciplines, facilitating their integration into existing networks, wireless systems, and applications. This article is concluded by outlining strategies for the optimal placement of metasurfaces within a PWE-controlled space, open challenges in PWE security, specialized SDN integration issues, and theoretical problems toward the graph-driven modeling of PWEs. |