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Digital Phenotyping and Feature Extraction on Smartphone Data for Depression Detection
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| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 112 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 1773-1798 |
| Abstrak | : | Smartphones are widely used as portable data collectors for wearable and healthcare sensors that can passively collect data streams related to the environment, health status, and behaviors. Recent research shows that the collected data can be used to monitor not only the physical states but also the mental health of individuals. However, extracting the features of digital phenotypes that characterize major depressive disorder (MDD) is technically challenging and may raise significant privacy concerns. Addressing such challenges has become the focus of many researchers. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of several key issues related to ubiquitous sensing to aid in detecting MDD. Specifically, this article analyzes existing methodologies and feature extraction algorithms used to detect possible MDD through digital phenotyping from smartphone data. In particular, five types of features are summarized and explained, namely, location, movement, rhythm, sleep, and social and device usage. Finally, related limitations and challenges are discussed to provide paths for further research and engineering. |
Prolegomena to Any Future Device Physics
| Pengarang | : | |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 112 (No. 12) |
| Halaman | : | 1763-1772 |
| Abstrak | : | Abstrak tidak tersedia. |
Reactive Power Implications of Penetrating Inverter Based Renewable and Storage Resources in Future Grids Toward Energy Transition A Review
| Pengarang | : | Hedayat Saboori |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 113 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 66-104 |
| Abstrak | : | Transitioning to net-zero emission energy systems is currently on the agenda in various countries to tackle climate change, a global challenge that threatens the lives of future generations. To fully decarbonize energy systems, a radical paradigm shift through deep integration of renewable resources supported by storage technologies is envisaged in multisector energy systems, especially in the electric power sector. As a result, inverter-based resources (IBRs), mainly wind, photovoltaics (PVs), and batteries, will dominate the electric power grids. This transition involves phasing out conventional fossil fuel-based plants and decommissioning associated synchronous machines, the grid’s primary reactive power sources. The ongoing removal of these primary reactive power sources introduces critical operational challenges that could compromise the reliability and stability of the grid. The inverters used for integrating IBRs can deliver diverse crucial ancillary services, particularly reactive power support. However, the potential of IBRs to address reactive power requirements in future decarbonized grids still needs to be fully addressed. The existing literature lacks a comprehensive approach to coordinating and harmonizing the efforts of various stakeholders and drivers to leverage the reactive power capability of IBRs. To bridge this gap, this article thoroughly reviews the reactive power implications for future grids with a considerable share of primary IBRs, comprising distributed and large-scale wind, PV and battery storage plants. This article starts with a summary of the concept, measurement methods, and importance of reactive power for voltage control and how it is managed today utilizing conventional sources. The reactive power transition from current to future grids within the context of the greater energy transition is then discussed by shedding light on its diverse aspects. Afterward, the reactive capability curve of each IBR is derived from the equivalent circuits and equations. Various grid codes and integration requirements of IBRs are then analyzed from a reactive power support viewpoint. Also, the concepts related to reactive power and voltage control comprising control extents, modes, and techniques are elaborated. Finally, recommendations are provided to set the stage for leveraging the capabilities of IBRs to address the reactive power requirements of future grids. The presented material sheds light on the pivotal role of reactive power in future grids and provides a roadmap for policymakers, utilities, and grid operators to manage a seamless transition to a decarbonized grid. |
A Tutorial on Distributed Optimization for Cooperative Robotics: From Setups and Algorithms to Toolboxes and Research Directions
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 113 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 40-65 |
| Abstrak | : | Several interesting problems in multirobot systems can be cast in the framework of distributed optimization. Examples include multirobot task allocation, vehicle routing, target protection, and surveillance. While the theoretical analysis of distributed optimization algorithms has received significant attention, its application to cooperative robotics has not been investigated in detail. In this article, we show how notable scenarios in cooperative robotics can be addressed by suitable distributed optimization setups. Specifically, after a brief introduction on the widely investigated consensus optimization (most suited for data analytics) and on the partition-based setup (matching the graph structure in the optimization), we focus on two distributed settings modeling several scenarios in cooperative robotics, i.e., the so-called constraint-coupled and aggregative optimization frameworks. For each one, we consider use-case applications, and we discuss tailored distributed algorithms with their convergence properties. Then, we revise state-of-the-art toolboxes allowing for the implementation of distributed schemes on real networks of robots without central coordinators. For each use case, we discuss its implementation in these toolboxes and provide simulations and real experiments on networks of heterogeneous robots. |
Is Trust Misplaced A Zero-Trust Survey
| Pengarang | : | Alexandre Poirrier |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Proceedings of the IEEE |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 113 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 5-39 |
| Abstrak | : | Information technology (IT) security has been, and largely is, based on compartmentalization. To implement compartmentalization, system access privileges are granted depending on the topological location of systems, grouped into perimeters, with network mechanisms (firewalls, VLANs, ...) enforcing isolation between perimeters, thus implicitly trusting systems based on their location. However, history has shown that such trust is misplaced. This has led to the emergence of an alternative paradigm, called zero trust. After contextualizing the history of IT and the emergence of zero trust for securing networks, this article presents a taxonomy of zero trust models and architectures, summarizing the goals and core principles of zero trust. Furthermore, an in-depth description of state-of-the-art technologies and methods, for transforming perimeter-based architectures to mature zero-trust architectures, is provided. This article presents a formalization of zero trust and of optimal zero-trust architectures, to which traditional architectures migrate, as well as a method for positioning migrating architectures relative to this ideal of zero trust, with as purpose of enabling a clearer understanding of the benefits and risks induced by a migration to zero trust. Finally, this article analyses the benefits, and drawbacks, of zero trust, focusing on the security properties granted by zero trust, as well as the vulnerabilities introduced. |
Inverted Pendulum in a Uniformly Accelerated Reference Frame
| Pengarang | : | Nathaniel R. Greene; Luke A. Smith |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 317-320 |
| Abstrak | : | An inverted pendulum consists of a rigid rod that pivots at its base and points upward. Since the rod’s center of gravity is above its axis of rotation, the rod falls when it is perturbed away from the vertical (unstable equilibrium) orientation. If you place this pendulum in a horizontally accelerated frame of reference, the equilibrium position becomes forward canted. In this study, we used a modified Atwood machine to uniformly accelerate a cart along a horizontal track, with an inverted pendulum mounted to the cart. The pendulum rod initially leans forward, resting against a detent screw but free to rotate backward. |
A Green function before your eyes
| Pengarang | : | G. L. Lippi |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Journal of Physics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 93 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 519-520 |
| Abstrak | : | The Green function is a tool that finds numerous applications in physics,1 but, for many students, it is a mathematical technique devoid of physical meaning. A conceptual illustration may render the concept more compelling and memorable. |
Online Advanced Labs in physics
| Pengarang | : | Peter A. Bennett |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Journal of Physics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 93 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 511-518 |
| Abstrak | : | At Arizona State University, we have built the first and only fully online Bachelor of Science degree in Physics, with a complete curriculum, including labs. The upper division Advanced Lab courses present a special challenge for online delivery. We address that using a set of custom-built simulator modules that replicate all the “imperfections” (noise, background, etc.) inherent in real-world data. The set of experiments duplicates those of the in-person classes. In this paper, we present an overview of these labs and discuss the advantages and challenges of delivering them online. We assert that these labs provide a valid and rigorous component for the fully online degree. The entire set of labs is available as Open Source Supplemental Materials and is shared for others to use in part or in whole, with suitable attribution. |
Detecting gravitational waves with light
| Pengarang | : | Markus Possel |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Journal of Physics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 93 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 499-510 |
| Abstrak | : | The strong evidence for low-frequency gravitational waves from pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), published in 2023, has widened the scope for teaching about gravitational wave astronomy. This article provides a simple, unified overview of the detection of gravitational waves using light waves that encompasses the recent PTA detections, the by-now classic interferometric detections using LIGO and similar detectors, and the yet-to-be-accomplished detections using long-arm detectors like the space-born LISA. The presentation is at a level accessible for undergraduate students. The influence of gravitational waves on light is derived in a way that makes use only of basic gravitational wave properties and Einstein's equivalence principle. |
Investigation of student and faculty problem solving: An example from quantum mechanics
| Pengarang | : | Alexandru Maries; Ryan Sayer; Chandralekha Singh |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Journal of Physics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 93 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 492-498 |
| Abstrak | : | We describe a study focusing on students' and faculty members' reasoning about problems of differing cognitive complexity related to the double-slit experiment (DSE) with single particles. In the first phase of the study, students in advanced quantum mechanics courses were asked these questions in written form. Additionally, individual interviews were conducted with ten students in which they were asked follow-up questions to make their thought processes explicit on the challenging problems. Students did well on the straightforward problem, showing they had some knowledge of the DSE after traditional instruction, but they struggled on the more complex ones. Even if explicitly asked to do so in interviews, students were often uncomfortable performing calculations or making approximations and simplifications, instead preferring to stick with their gut feeling. In the second phase of the study, the problems were broken down into more pointed questions to investigate whether students had knowledge of relevant concepts, whether they would do calculations as part of their solution approach if explicitly asked, and whether they explicitly noted using their gut feeling. While the faculty members' responses suggest that they could seamlessly move between conceptual and quantitative reasoning, most students were unable to combine concepts represented by different equations to solve the problems quantitatively. We conclude with instructional implications. |