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American Indian historical trauma: Anticolonial prescriptions for healing, resilience, and survivance.
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| Pengarang | : | Hartmann, William E.; Wendt, Dennis C.; Burrage, Rachel L.; Pomerville, Andrew; Gone, Joseph P. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 74 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 6-19 |
| Abstrak | : | The American Indian historical trauma (HT) concept is an important precursor to racial trauma (RT) theory that reflects the distinct interests of sovereign Indigenous nations but shares much of the same promise and challenge. Here, that promise and challenge is explored by tracing HT’s theoretical development in terms of its anticolonial ambitions and organizing ideas. Three predominant modes of engaging HT were distilled form the literature (HT as a clinical condition, life stressor, and critical discourse), each informing a research program pursuing a different anticolonial ambition (healing trauma, promoting resilience, practicing survivance) organized by distinct ideas about colonization, wellness, and Indigeneity. Through critical reflection on these different ambitions and dialogue of their organizing ideas, conflict between research programs can be mitigated and a more productive anticolonialism realized in psychology and related health fields. Key recommendations emphasized clarifying clinical concepts (e.g., clinical syndrome vs. idiom of distress), disentangling clinical narratives of individual pathology (e.g., trauma) from social narratives of population adversity (e.g., survivance stories), attending to features of settler-colonialism not easily captured by heath indices (e.g., structural violence), and encouraging alignment of anticolonial efforts with constructive critiques establishing conceptual bridges to disciplines that can help to advance psychological understandings of colonization and Indigenous wellness (e.g., postcolonial studies). This conceptual framework was applied to the RT literature to elaborate similar recommendations for advancing RT theory and the interests of ethnic/racial minority populations through engagement with psychology and related health fields. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) |
Racial trauma: Theory, research, and healing: Introduction to the special issue.
| Pengarang | : | Comas-Díaz, Lillian; Hall, Gordon Nagayama; Neville, Helen A. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 74 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 1-5 |
| Abstrak | : | Racial trauma, a form of race-based stress, refers to People of Color and Indigenous individuals’ (POCI) reactions to dangerous events and real or perceived experiences of racial discrimination. Such experiences may include threats of harm and injury, humiliating and shaming events, and witnessing racial discrimination toward other POCI. Although similar to posttraumatic stress disorder, racial trauma is unique in that it involves ongoing individual and collective injuries due to exposure and reexposure to race-based stress. The articles in this special issue introduce new conceptual approaches, research, and healing models to challenge racial trauma. The authors encourage psychologists to develop culturally informed healing modalities and methodologically sophisticated research and urge the inclusion of public policy interventions in the area of racial trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) |
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN PEMASARAN GULA TERHADAP PENAWARAN DAN HARGA DOMESTIK GULA DI INDONESIA
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Agro Ekonomika |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 17 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 1-10 |
| Abstrak | : | - |
Distinguished Career Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology Award: Carol A. Falender.
| Pengarang | : | Carol A. Falender. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1237-1239 |
| Abstrak | : | The Award for Distinguished Career Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology is given in recognition of the efforts of psychologists who have made distinguished contributions to education and training, who have produced imaginative innovations, or who have been involved in the developmental phases of programs in education and training in psychology. The Career designation is added to the award at the discretion of the Education and Training Awards Committee to recognize continuous significant contributions made over a lifelong career in psychology. The 2018 recipient of this award is Carol A. Falender, "for distinguished and sustained leadership in helping to ensure a competent mental health workforce through effective training and supervision." Her award citation, biography, and a selected bibliography are presented here. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) |
The scientific pursuit of sexual and gender minority mental health treatments: Toward evidence-based affirmative practice.
| Pengarang | : | Pachankis, John E. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1207-1219 |
| Abstrak | : | The time has arrived for psychological science to translate the accumulating empirical research regarding sexual and gender minority (SGM) mental health into evidence-based affirmative treatments for this population. Far from the unscientific, homophobic theories of the early 20th century, several recent efforts in psychological science are starting to pave the way for evidence-based SGM-affirmative mental health treatments. These efforts include (a) identifying clear treatment targets for SGM, (b) conducting treatment studies that test the efficacy of therapy for SGM populations, (c) increased reporting of sexual orientation and gender diversity in existing randomized controlled trials conducted with the general population, and (d) reducing stigma itself, which has heretofore impeded the resources necessary to produce scientific evidence about SGM-affirmative treatments. This article reviews this progress and outlines future research directions needed to advance evidence-based practice for SGM, including determining whether and how existing evidence-based treatments need to be adapted to address SGM-specific concerns, why SGM-affirmative treatments work, and for whom and under what conditions SGM-affirmative treatments work best. A program of research is described that attempts to address these questions through randomized controlled trials with strong comparison conditions, psychotherapy process research of current SGM-affirmative practice, and tests of treatment moderators. To the extent that the mental health profession continues to pursue these solutions, it can ensure the continued flourishing of this population, whose visibility and vibrancy likely represent the surest route toward improving public acceptance and therefore its future mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) |
The transition to parenthood as a critical window for adult health.
| Pengarang | : | Saxbe, Darby; Rossin-Slater, Maya; Goldenberg, Diane. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1190-1200 |
| Abstrak | : | Becoming a parent is a transformative experience, marked by hormonal changes and neuroplasticity as well as shifts in self-concept, social roles, and daily routines. Although the arrival of a new baby is often a joyful event, the postpartum period can also be a time of heightened psychosocial stress and health behavior changes, including significant sleep disruption and decreased physical activity. Markers of allostatic load, such as physiological stress and inflammation, may also become dysregulated during this time. Given these neurobiological, psychosocial, and behavioral changes, the transition to parenthood may shape health trajectories in midlife. For many mothers and fathers, the transition to parenthood represents an inflection point for obesity, such that perinatal weight gains are retained long-term. Similarly, many individuals experience their 1st episode of major depression during the postpartum period. In sum, the transition to parenthood may represent a critical window for determining both mental and physical health in midlife and beyond. Physical and mental health problems over the transition to parenthood may be exacerbated for parents without access to protected, paid time off from employment. Known disparities in mood disorders, obesity, and allostatic load may be linked to risk factors stemming from the perinatal period. This article relates the importance of the transition to parenthood to population health and discusses parental leave policy as an example of an initiative that can support parents and relieve stress during the perinatal period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
The contributions of affective traits and emotion regulation to internalizing disorders: Current state of the literature and measurement challenges.
| Pengarang | : | Naragon-Gainey, Kristin; McMahon, Tierney P.; Park, Juhyun. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1175-1186 |
| Abstrak | : | Dysfunctional affective processes are central to the experience of internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, and related disorders). Specifically, extreme positive affect and elevated negative affect each have unique and robust patterns of associations with internalizing symptoms. This article examines affect as both an individual difference and a within-person dynamic process that unfolds over time. Recent research is reviewed that clarifies the hierarchical structure of affect and facet-level associations with symptoms, affect-laden traits that confer risk for internalizing psychopathology, models of emotion regulation, and how emotion regulation abilities and strategies contribute to or detract from psychological well-being. Several measurement challenges in this literature are identified and discussed, including possible conceptual and content overlap, mood-state distortion, naturalistic assessment in daily life, and the benefits and limitations of self-reported affective experience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) |
A challenge for psychocardiology: Addressing the causes and consequences of patients’ perceptions of enduring somatic threat.
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1160-1171 |
| Abstrak | : | The enduring somatic threat (EST) model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to life-threatening medical events suggests that PTSD-like symptoms represent patients’ sensitization to cues of ongoing threat in the body. In this article, we review research on the prevalence and consequences of such reactions in cardiovascular disease patients, discuss early tests of the EST model, and then report a new test of the EST model in 143 patients enrolled during their first acute coronary syndrome (ACS; i.e., non-ST elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina—colloquially, “heart attack”). Invasive coronary revascularization procedures are commonly used to reduce secondary ACS risk and may reduce patients’ EST, as revascularized patients often report being “cured.” We assessed ACS patients’ initial threat perceptions during emergency department (ED) evaluation and followed them for 1 month for PTSD symptoms (specific for ACS, by telephone). We compared PTSD symptoms in participants who were revascularized (n = 65), catheterized but not revascularized (n = 35), and medically managed (n = 43). PTSD symptoms were lower for revascularized versus medically managed participants (B = −5.32, 95% confidence interval [−9.77, −0.87]), t(98.19) = −2.37, p = .020. In a multiple regression model adjusted for clinical and psychosocial covariates, the interaction of threat perception in the ED and ACS management group was significant (greater ED threat predicted greater 1-month PTSD symptoms only in medically managed participants). These findings offer further support for the EST model and suggest that psychological interventions to preempt patients’ development of EST should be considered in the hospital. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) |
Evidence of bias against girls and women in contexts that emphasize intellectual ability.
| Pengarang | : | Bian, Lin; Leslie, Sarah-Jane; Cimpian, Andrei. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1139-1153 |
| Abstrak | : | Despite the numerous intellectual contributions made by women, we find evidence of bias against them in contexts that emphasize intellectual ability. In the first experiment, 347 participants were asked to refer individuals for a job. Approximately half of the participants were led to believe that the job required high-level intellectual ability; the other half were not. A Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression revealed that the odds of referring a woman were 38.3% lower when the job description mentioned intellectual ability, consistent with the possibility of gender bias. We also found evidence of gender bias in Experiment 2, which was a preregistered direct replication of Experiment 1 with a larger and more diverse sample (811 participants; 44.6% people of color). Experiment 3 provided a developmental investigation of this bias by testing whether young children favor boys over girls in the context of intellectually challenging activities. Five- to 7-year-olds (N = 192) were taught how to play a team game. Half of the children were told that the game was for “really, really smart” children; the other half were not. Children then selected 3 teammates from among 6 unfamiliar children. Children’s initial selections were driven by ingroup bias (i.e., girls chose girls and boys chose boys), but children subsequently showed bias against girls, choosing girls as teammates for the “smart” game only 37.6% of the time (vs. 53.4% for the other game). Bias against women and girls in contexts where brilliance is prized emerges early and is a likely obstacle to their success. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Toward population impact from early childhood psychological interventions.
| Pengarang | : | Dodge, Kenneth A. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1117-1129 |
| Abstrak | : | Acting alone, psychologists rarely achieve population impact on important mental health and well-being outcomes for families and young children. The traditional Institute of Medicine model of moving from efficacy trials to effectiveness trials to scaling up has not succeeded, partly due to degradation of program quality and impact during scale-up and partly due to a failure to consider system-context issues at the outset. Analysis of barriers to population impact leads to the proposal of a new comprehensive system of care that includes both top-down coordination among community agencies providing services and bottom-up outreach to every family to connect them with services. The North Carolina Smart Start Initiative is a top-down approach to improving the community-level quality of early childcare and education services. A natural experiment demonstrates that it improves population indicators of children’s education outcomes. Family Connects is a bottom-up approach that reaches all families giving birth in a community through brief home visits to assess needs and connect families with community resources. A randomized controlled trial reveals increased community connectedness, lower maternal anxiety, reduced emergency health episodes, and lower rates of investigations for child abuse. These initiatives point toward the promise of population impact through psychological interventions in early life that are delivered in a collaborative system of care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) |