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Marriage, divorce, and the immune system.
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| Pengarang | : | Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice K. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1098-1108 |
| Abstrak | : | This article reviews evidence from several lines of work to describe how marriage and divorce can provoke health-relevant immune alterations, including ways that marital closeness can be perilous for health and divorce can be beneficial. The multiple stresses of a troubled relationship are depressogenic, and the development of a mood disorder sets the stage for psychological and biological vulnerability. Depression provides a central pathway to immune dysregulation, inflammation, and poor health; gender-related differences in depression and inflammation can heighten risk for women compared to men. Sleep and obesity can simultaneously feed off depression as they promote it. In addition, spousal similarities in health behaviors, gene expression, immune profiles and the gut microbiota offer new ways to consider the health advantages and risks of marriage and divorce, providing new perspectives on couples’ interdependence, as well as new directions for research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) |
Dispositional optimism and physical health: A long look back, a quick look forward.
| Pengarang | : | Scheier, Michael F.; Carver, Charles S. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1082-1094 |
| Abstrak | : | Dispositional optimism is the generalized, relatively stable tendency to expect good outcomes across important life domains. This article provides a representative review of 30 years of research on dispositional optimism and physical well-being. Assessment of optimism is described, along with data regarding its stability. A review of the research linking optimism and physical health is then presented. Included in the review are initial studies suggesting that optimism and physical well-being might be linked as well as more recent, larger scale epidemiological studies that make the point more emphatically. Also considered are potential pathways—behavioral, biological, and social—that might explain these associations. The article concludes with a brief look to the future, describing several issues and questions that still need to be answered. These questions include the relationship of optimism and pessimism to each other (and the implications of that relationship for physical well-being), the origins of optimism and pessimism, and interventions that might be implemented to reduce the negative impact of a pessimistic outlook. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) |
Impulsive reactivity to emotion and vulnerability to psychopathology.
| Pengarang | : | Carver, Charles S.; Johnson, Sheri L. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1067-1078 |
| Abstrak | : | Impulsiveness has been studied as an aspect of personality and psychopathology for generations. There are longstanding disagreements about how to define it and whether it should be viewed as one construct or several. This article begins by briefly reviewing some earlier and some more recent work on impulsiveness. Several approaches have recently converged to focus on a distinction between impulsive reactions to emotion and impulsive properties that are not initiated by emotion. From this review, we turn to psychopathology. It is well known that impulsiveness is related to externalizing psychopathology, but some have concluded that a similar relation does not exist for internalizing psychopathology. A recent literature is described that challenges the latter conclusion, linking impulsive reactivity to emotion to both externalizing and internalizing aspects of psychopathology. Discussion then turns to emotion-related impulsiveness and other constructs to which it is conceptually and empirically related, reexamining whether other conceptual targets should be added to the discussion. The article closes with a consideration of how important it is to continue to rem |
Precision behavioral medicine: Implications of genetic and genomic discoveries for behavioral weight loss treatment.
| Pengarang | : | McCaffery, Jeanne M. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1045-1055 |
| Abstrak | : | This article reviews the concept of precision behavioral medicine and the progress toward applying genetics and genomics as tools to optimize weight management intervention. We discuss genetic, epigenetic, and genomic markers, as well as interactions between genetics and the environment as they relate to obesity and behavioral weight loss to date. Recommendations for the conditions under which genetics and genomics could be incorporated to support clinical decision-making in behavioral weight loss are outlined and illustrative scenarios of how this approach could improve clinical outcomes are provided. It is concluded that there is not yet sufficient evidence to leverage genetics or genomics to aid the treatment of obesity but the foundations are being laid. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
Host in the machine: A neurobiological perspective on psychological stress and cardiovascular disease.
| Pengarang | : | Gianaros, Peter J.; Jennings, J. Richard. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1031-1044 |
| Abstrak | : | Psychological stress still attracts scientific, clinical, and public interest because of its suspected connection to health, particularly cardiovascular health. Psychological stress is thought to arise from appraisal processes that imbue events and contexts with personal significance and threat-related meaning. These appraisal processes are also thought to be instantiated in brain systems that generate and control peripheral physiological stress reactions through visceral motor (brain-to-body) and visceral sensory (body-to-brain) mechanisms. In the short term, physiological stress reactions may enable coping and adaptive action. Among some individuals, however, the patterning of these reactions may predict or contribute to pathology in multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. At present, however, we lack a precise understanding of the brain systems and visceral control processes that link psychological appraisals to patterns of stress physiology and physical health. This understanding is important: A mechanistic account of how the brain connects stressful experiences to bodily changes and health could help refine biomarkers of risk and targets for cardiovascular disease prevention and intervention. We review research contributing to this understanding, focusing on the neurobiology of cardiovascular stress reactivity and cardiovascular health. We suggest that a dysregulation of visceral motor and visceral sensory processes during stressful experiences may confer risk for poor cardiovascular health among vulnerable individuals. We further describe a need for new interpretive frameworks and markers of this brain–body dysregulation in cardiovascular behavioral medicine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) |
Selected psychological comorbidities in coronary heart disease: Challenges and grand opportunities.
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1019-1030 |
| Abstrak | : | Evidence of popular interest in the interrelationships between mind, body, and heart disease dates to Ancient Grecian times and paved the way for modern-day scientific inquiry into the relationships between psychological comorbidities in coronary heart disease. Although the systematic evidence has suggested an association of poor medical prognosis and lower quality of life among patients with coronary heart disease with comorbid psychological conditions, the mechanisms are less well understood. In this selective review article, the epidemiology, mechanisms, screening, and treatment recommendations for 4 common psychological conditions (depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia) comorbid with coronary heart disease are presented. We focus on the grand challenges and unprecedented opportunities for research in this area considering the methodological and technological innovations of the 21st century. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved |
Living with heart despite recurrent challenges: Psychological care for adults with advanced cardiac disease.
| Pengarang | : | Dornelas, Ellen A.; Sears, Samuel F. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1007-1018 |
| Abstrak | : | The number of people living with advanced heart disease is increasing rapidly as a result of improvements in cardiac treatments, better long-term survival from primary cardiac events, and the increase in the demographic of Americans over the age of 65. Successful living with advanced heart disease now often means patients must manage recurrent challenges to health and function from hospitalizations, exacerbations of illness, and cardiac procedures. Depression, anxiety and strain on intimate relationships are familiar problems for people with advanced heart disease that often go untreated. Though these problems have been studied in populations with acute coronary syndrome, there has been less attention focused on people in later stages of cardiac disease progression. Innovative psychological approaches are needed to address the emotional and behavioral challenges for patients coping with heart failure, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, ventricular assist devices, and heart transplant. This article describes common psychological difficulties for adults living with advanced heart disease and potential psychological targets for intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) |
Sleep and cardiovascular disease: Emerging opportunities for psychology.
| Pengarang | : | Hall, Martica H.; Brindle, Ryan C.; Buysse, Daniel J. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 994-1006 |
| Abstrak | : | Sleep disturbances and disorders have been implicated in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Converging evidence suggests that psychosocial factors that confer risk or resilience to cardiovascular disease (CVD) are also related to sleep. Profound differences in sleep among racial/ethnic minorities compared with non-Hispanic Whites in the United States suggest that sleep, and its interplay with psychosocial factors, may contribute to observed disparities in CVD and in health and functioning more broadly. Less understood is the extent to which sleep and psychosocial factors interact to influence the pathophysiology and clinical course of CVD. This article reviews observational and experimental evidence linking short sleep duration and insomnia, both modifiable sleep disturbances, to CVD, including key physiological mechanisms. Also reviewed is evidence of significant interrelationships among sleep, race/ethnicity, and psychosocial factors known to confer risk or resilience to CVD, including depression, psychological stress, and close interpersonal relationships. It is proposed that a transdisciplinary research framework that integrates knowledge, methods, and measures from the fields of psychology and sleep research may be used to catalyze advances in the prevention and treatment of CVD. Also discussed are promising new directions, expected challenges, and the importance of training in transdisciplinary science and research approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) |
Behavioral interventions for obesity in children and adults: Evidence base, novel approaches, and translation into practice.
| Pengarang | : | Wilfley, Denise E.; Hayes, Jacqueline F.; Balantekin, Katherine N.; Van Buren, Dorothy J.; Epstein, Leonard H. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 981-993 |
| Abstrak | : | Obesity in adults has nearly doubled in the past 30 years and has risen similarly in children and adolescents. Obesity affects all systems of the body, and the serious health consequences of obesity include an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, such as Type 2 diabetes or high blood pressure, which are occurring at ever younger ages. The present article introduces traditional behavioral weight loss strategies designed to change energy-balance behaviors (i.e., dietary and physical activity behaviors) and the contexts within which these interventions have typically been delivered. The applicability of findings from behavioral economics, cognitive processing, and clinical research that may lead to more potent weight loss and weight loss maintenance interventions are also considered. Given the pervasiveness of obesity, this article concludes with a discussion of efforts toward wider scale dissemination and implementation of behavioral treatments designed to address obesity and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) |
The role of psychological science in efforts to improve cardiovascular medication adherence.
| Pengarang | : | Bosworth, Hayden B.; Blalock, Dan V.; Hoyle, Rick H.; Czajkowski, Susan M.; Voils, Corrine I. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 968-980 |
| Abstrak | : | Poor adherence to cardiovascular disease medications carries significant psychological, physical, and economic costs, including failure to achieve therapeutic goals, high rates of hospitalization and health care costs, and incidence of death. Despite much effort to design and evaluate adherence interventions, rates of adherence to cardiovascular-related medications have remained relatively stagnant. We identify two major reasons for this: First, interventions have not addressed the time-varying reasons for nonadherence, and 2nd, interventions have not explicitly targeted the self-regulatory processes involved in adherence behavior. Inclusion of basic and applied psychological science in intervention development may improve the efficacy and effectiveness of behavioral interventions to improve adherence. In this article, we use a taxonomy of time-based phases of adherence—including initiation, implementation, and discontinuation—as context within which to review illustrative studies of barriers to adherence, interventions to improve adherence, and self-regulatory processes involved in adherence. Finally, we suggest a framework to translate basic psychological science regarding self-regulation into multicomponent interventions that can address multiple and time-varying barriers to nonadherence across the three adherence phases. The field of psychology is essential to improving medication adherence and associated health outcomes, and concrete steps need to be taken to implement this knowledge in future interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) |