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E-cigarette use as a potential cardiovascular disease risk behavior.
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| Pengarang | : | Bold, Krysten W.; Krishnan-Sarin, Suchitra; Stoney, Catherine M. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 955-967 |
| Abstrak | : | Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is rapidly increasing among youth and adults despite limited information regarding the long-term risks or benefits. The potential impact of e-cigarette use on public health is complex. E-cigarettes are sometimes considered as smoking cessation aids and, to the extent that they are successful in this regard, could have a net population benefit for adult smokers. However, limited knowledge exists about the long-term health effects of e-cigarette use, and research has suggested these novel tobacco products may lead to initiation and continued use among vulnerable populations, including youth. The current review aimed to summarize trends and available scientific information about e-cigarette use, focusing on the potential cardiovascular health risks and benefits, characteristics associated with e-cigarette use, and critical areas for future investigation to inform the research and clinical work of psychologists. Psychologists have a leadership role in mitigating health risks from smoking behavior, and there is a need for rigorous research assessing the impact of e-cigarette use on population health. In addition, psychologists are uniquely qualified to understand the underlying processes regarding decision-making and behaviors around e-cigarette use. Collectively, the research of psychologists in this area can have a substantial impact on patient education, policies, and the development of prevention and intervention programs to promote public health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) |
Cardiovascular disease: Psychological, social, and behavioral influences: Introduction to the special issue.
| Pengarang | : | Stoney, Catherine M.; Kaufmann, Peter G.; Czajkowski, Susan M. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 949-954 |
| Abstrak | : | Although deaths due to cardiovascular diseases have declined significantly since the 1970s, they remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. A large number of cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle, are modifiable. Psychologists and other behavioral scientists and practitioners are engaged in not only understanding the mechanistic links between behaviors and cardiovascular health but also developing effective interventions for improving health. The purpose of this special issue is to highlight some of the more innovative psychological research in cardiovascular health promotion, disease prevention, and management. Articles included in this issue focus on 2 primary areas. First, cutting-edge research on the current state of knowledge of modifiable health behaviors and their impact on cardiovascular health include articles on e-cigarette use as a putative risk factor, psychological factors involved in adherence to medications, the role of sleep in cardiovascular health, and innovative approaches to enhancing the treatment and recovery of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Second, outstanding research identifying the mechanisms by which psychological factors such as stress, depression, and anxiety impact cardiovascular disease include an overview of the current state of science examining psychological comorbidities that can accompany cardiovascular disease and influence outcomes, discussion of the neurocognitive processes that connect stress appraisal with biological functioning and diseases processes, and the role of genetics on behavioral interventions and clinical decision-making in the context of behavioral weight loss treatments. Our goal with these innovative articles is to stimulate additional advances in cardiovascular behavioral medicine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) |
The coelacanth still lives: Bringing selection back to the fore in a science of behavior.
| Pengarang | : | Stahlman, W. David; Leising, Kenneth J. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 918-929 |
| Abstrak | : | There is little scientific debate regarding the validity of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, which effectively describes how relevant ancestral histories produce both an organism’s genetic characteristics and innate behavioral repertoires. The combination of variation and selection in the production of novel forms can be extended beyond Darwinian theory to encompass facts of ontogeny. The present article sheds light on an underappreciated and critical insight, namely, that the consequences of behavior have a selective effect analogous to that observed in biological evolution. Three levels of environmental selection (phylogenic, ontogenic, and cultural) constitute a full account of the causes for action. This perspective identifies the relevant functional contingencies of which behavior is a product, it accurately and parsimoniously predicts a wide variety of disparate behavioral findings, it resolves old debates on nativism and empiricism, it unites psychological science under a central organizing principle, and it specifies psychology’s position in relation to biology. Wholesale adoption of this perspective should be considered a positive advance for the field of psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
Big data in psychology: A framework for research advancement.
| Pengarang | : | Adjerid, Idris; Kelley, Ken. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 899-917 |
| Abstrak | : | The potential for big data to provide value for psychology is significant. However, the pursuit of big data remains an uncertain and risky undertaking for the average psychological researcher. In this article, we address some of this uncertainty by discussing the potential impact of big data on the type of data available for psychological research, addressing the benefits and most significant challenges that emerge from these data, and organizing a variety of research opportunities for psychology. Our article yields two central insights. First, we highlight that big data research efforts are more readily accessible than many researchers realize, particularly with the emergence of open-source research tools, digital platforms, and instrumentation. Second, we argue that opportunities for big data research are diverse and differ both in their fit for varying research goals, as well as in the challenges they bring about. Ultimately, our outlook for researchers in psychology using and benefiting from big data is cautiously optimistic. Although not all big data efforts are suited for all researchers or all areas within psychology, big data research prospects are diverse, expanding, and promising for psychology and related disciplines. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
Community-based participatory research (CBPR): Towards equitable involvement of community in psychology research.
| Pengarang | : | Collins, Susan E.; Clifasefi, Seema L.; Stanton, Joey; The LEAP Advisory Board; Straits, Kee J. E.; Gil-Kashiwabara, Eleanor; Rodriguez Espinosa, Patricia; Nicasio, Andel V.; Andrasik, Michele P.; Hawes, Starlyn M.; Miller, Kimberly A.; Nelson, Lonnie A.; Orfaly, Victoria E.; Duran, Bonnie M.; Wallerstein, Nina. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 884-898 |
| Abstrak | : | Community-based participatory research (CBPR) answers the call for more patient-centered, community-driven research approaches to address growing health disparities. CBPR is a collaborative research approach that equitably involves community members, researchers, and other stakeholders in the research process and recognizes the unique strengths that each bring. The aim of CBPR is to combine knowledge and action to create positive and lasting social change. With its origins in psychology, sociology, and critical pedagogy, CBPR has become a common research approach in the fields of public health, medicine, and nursing. Although it is well aligned with psychology’s ethical principles and research aims, it has not been widely implemented in psychology research. The present article introduces CBPR to a general psychology audience while considering the unique aims of and challenges in conducting psychology research. In this article, we define CBPR principles, differentiate it from a more traditional psychology research approach, retrace its historical roots, provide concrete steps for its implementation, discuss its potential benefits, and explore practical and ethical challenges for its integration into psychology research. Finally, we provide a case study of CBPR in psychology to illustrate its key constructs and implementation. In sum, CBPR is a relevant, important, and promising research framework that may guide the implementation of more effective, culturally appropriate, socially just, and sustainable community-based psychology research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
Racial ethnic discrimination and well-being during adolescence: A meta-analytic review.
| Pengarang | : | Benner, Aprile D.; Wang, Yijie; Shen, Yishan; Boyle, Alaina E.; Polk, Richelle; Cheng, Yen-Pi. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 855-883 |
| Abstrak | : | This meta-analytic study systematically investigates the relations between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and socioemotional distress, academics, and risky health behaviors during adolescence, and potential variation in these relations. The study included 214 peer-reviewed articles, theses, and dissertations, with 489 unique effect sizes on 91,338 unique adolescents. Random-effects meta-analyses across 11 separate indicators of well-being identified significant detrimental effects. Greater perceptions of racial/ethnic discrimination were linked to more depressive and internalizing symptoms; greater psychological distress; poorer self-esteem; lower academic achievement and engagement; less academic motivation; greater engagement in externalizing behaviors, risky sexual behaviors, and substance use; and more associations with deviant peers. Metaregression and subgroup analyses indicated differences by race/ethnicity, Gender × Race/Ethnicity interactions, developmental stage, timing of retrospective measurement of discrimination, and country. Overall, this study highlights the pernicious effects of racial/ethnic discrimination for adolescents across developmental domains and suggests who is potentially at greater risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
Immigration policy, practices, and procedures: The impact on the mental health of Mexican and Central American youth and families.
| Pengarang | : | Torres, Stephanie A.; Santiago, Catherine DeCarlo; Walts, Katherine Kaufka; Richards, Maryse H. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 843-854 |
| Abstrak | : | Currently, 15 million Mexican and Central American individuals live in the United States, with this number projected to rise in the next few decades (Lesser & Batalova, 2017; Zong & Batalova, 2017). Research has begun to investigate the impact of the nation’s immigration practices and policies on immigrant Latino/a families and youth. Current immigration policies can create vulnerabilities, including fear and mistrust, discrimination, limited access to services, parent–child separation, and poverty. These experiences increase risk for poor mental health outcomes and may exacerbate prior exposure to traumas in the home country (e.g., violence) and during migration (e.g., extortion). This paper reviews current immigration policies for arriving Mexican and Central American immigrants and links to mental health among documented and undocumented immigrant families and youth. A discussion of positive policies and resources that may mitigate the damaging impact of immigration-related stress is included. Finally, social justice implications for clinicians and researchers are discussed, with culturally sensitive interventions, advocacy, and dissemination of research and policy as primary recommendations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
Moral meta-narratives, marginalization, and youth development.
| Pengarang | : | Causadias, José M.; Updegraff, Kimberly A.; Overton, Willis F. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 827-839 |
| Abstrak | : | Morality, a central dimension of culture, is crucial for research on the development of youth experiencing marginalization. In this article, we discuss two main meta-narratives as moral frameworks that provide different meaning to the past and to cultural change: liberal progress, focused on the struggle of those who have historically experienced marginalization (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities), and community lost, focused on those who are experiencing some forms of marginalization in response to cultural and economic changes (e.g., rural Whites). Because these two meta-narratives represent a false dichotomy, we use relational epistemology principles—holism, identity of opposites, opposites of identity, and synthesis of wholes—to formulate an integrated metanarrative, community progress, to overcome this polarity and promote research on the development of all youth experiencing marginalization. Acknowledging and understanding these moral meta-narratives is crucial because they influence scientific discourse, political action, and policy that impacts marginalization and youth development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) |
Invisibility of racial ethnic minorities in developmental science: Implications for research and institutional practices.
| Pengarang | : | Rosyidin, Mohamad |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 812-826 |
| Abstrak | : | García Coll et al.’s (1996) integrative model was a landmark article for developmental science, and for psychology more broadly, in outlining the multitude of social and cultural factors at play when seeking to understand the development of racial/ethnic minority children. The time is ripe to not only take stock of those advances but also evaluate the integrative model in the context of present-day research practice within developmental psychology, and psychology more broadly. The purpose of this article is to bring a systemic perspective to developmental science through a discussion of current practices in the field. To do so, we examine invisibility, or how dominant practices serve to overlook, silence, or dismiss knowledge produced by and for racial/ethnic minority populations. Guided by the interpretive framework of intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991), we discuss three key questions: From whose vantage point is research conducted? What types of questions are valued? And who gets left out? We then conclude with recommendations for changes in practices for individuals, institutions, and the field at large. Importantly, although our analysis is largely grounded in research and practices in developmental psychology, it is also highly relevant to psychological science as a whole. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
Using attachment and relational perspectives to understand adaptation and resilience among immigrant and refugee youth.
| Pengarang | : | Juang, Linda P.; Simpson, Jeffry A.; Lee, Richard M.; Rothman, Alexander J.; Titzmann, Peter F.; Schachner, Maja K.; Korn, Lars; Heinemeier, Dorothee; Betsch, Cornelia. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 73 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 797-811 |
| Abstrak | : | Migration is a critical issue for child development in the 21st century. We expand on García Coll et al.’s (1996) integrative model of minority child development by drawing from principles of attachment theory and interpersonal relationships research to offer new insights into how youth manage and respond to migration experiences. Immigrant and refugee youth should experience better outcomes to the extent that they (a) maintain strong relationships with caregivers and peers who provide a sense of closeness, safety, and confidence during the process of adjusting to this life transition and (b) find ways to establish a sense of connection and belonging to the new people, places, communities, and social networks within which they now live. Strong bonds to people and connection to places (both familiar and new) can counter the social stratification consequences to minority youth development that are well articulated in García Coll et al.’s integrative model. The need for new and better strategies that promote the positive development of immigrant and refugee youth within their families, schools, workplaces, and communities is crucial, not only for individuals and families but for society as a whole. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |