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Childhood close family relationships and health.
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| Pengarang | : | Chen, Edith; Brody, Gene H.; Miller, Gregory E. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 555-566 |
| Abstrak | : | Emerging data suggest that during childhood, close family relationships can ameliorate the impact that adversity has on life span physical health. To explain this phenomenon, a developmental stress buffering model is proposed in which characteristics of family relationships including support, conflict, obligation, and parenting behaviors evolve and change from childhood to adolescence. Together, these characteristics govern whether childhood family relationships are on balance positive enough to fill a moderating role in which they mitigate the effects that childhood adversities have on physical health. The benefits of some family relationship characteristics are hypothesized to stay the same across childhood and adolescence (e.g., the importance of comfort and warmth from family relationships) whereas the benefits of other characteristics are hypothesized to change from childhood to adolescence (e.g., from a need for physical proximity to parents in early childhood to a need for parental availability in adolescence). In turn, close, positive family relationships in childhood operate via a variety of pathways, such as by reducing the impact that childhood stressors have on biological processes (e.g., inflammation) and on health behaviors that in turn can shape physical health over a lifetime. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
Incorporating the cultural diversity of family and close relationships into the study of health.
| Pengarang | : | Campos, Belinda; Kim, Heejung S. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 543-554 |
| Abstrak | : | Relationships are at the center of the human social environment, and their quality and longevity are now recognized to have particular relevance for health. The goal of this article is to bring attention to the role of culture in how relationships, particularly close relationships and family relationships, influence health. To this end, 2 contexts that are characterized by 2 distinct forms of cultural collectivism (East Asian and Latino) are spotlighted to highlight the unique patterns that underlie broader cultural categories (e.g., collectivism). In addition, related research on other understudied cultures and nonethnic or nonnational forms of culture (e.g., social class, religion) is also discussed. The review centers on social support, a key pathway through which relationships shape psychological and physical health, as the psychological process that has received the most empirical attention in this area. Overall, it is clear that new and more systematic approaches are needed to generate a more comprehensive, novel, and inclusive understanding of the role of culture in relationship processes that shape health. Three recommendations are offered for researchers and professionals to generate and incorporate knowledge of culture-specific relationship processes into their understanding of health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) |
Interpersonal mechanisms linking close relationships to health
| Pengarang | : | Pietromonaco, Paula R.; Collins, Nancy L. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 531-542 |
| Abstrak | : | Close relationships play a vital role in human health, but much remains to be learned about specific mechanisms of action and potential avenues for intervention. This article provides an evaluation of research on close relationships processes relevant to health, drawing on themes from major relationship science theories to present a broad conceptual framework for understanding the interpersonal processes and intrapersonal pathways linking relationships to health and disease outcomes. The analysis reveals that both social connection and social disconnection broadly shape biological responses and behaviors that are consequential for health. Furthermore, emerging work offers insights into the types of social dynamics that are most consequential for health, and the potential pathways through which they operate. Following from this analysis, the authors suggest several research priorities to facilitate the translation of discoveries from relationship science into relationship-based interventions and public health initiatives. These priorities include developing finer grained theoretical models to guide research, the systematic investigation of potential mediating pathways such as dyadic influences on health behavior and physiological coregulation, and taking into account individual differences and contextual factors such as attachment style, gender, socioeconomic status, and culture. In addition, a pressing need exists for laboratory and field research to determine which types of interventions are both practical and effective. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) |
Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States
| Pengarang | : | Holt-Lunstad, Julianne; Robles, Theodore F.; Sbarra, David A. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 517-530 |
| Abstrak | : | A robust body of scientific evidence has indicated that being embedded in high-quality close relationships and feeling socially connected to the people in one’s life is associated with decreased risk for all-cause mortality as well as a range of disease morbidities. Despite mounting evidence that the magnitude of these associations is comparable to that of many leading health determinants (that receive significant public health resources), government agencies, health care providers and associations, and public or private health care funders have been slow to recognize human social relationships as either a health determinant or health risk marker in a manner that is comparable to that of other public health priorities. This article evaluates current evidence (on social relationships and health) according to criteria commonly used in determining public health priorities. The article discusses challenges for reducing risk in this area and outlines an agenda for integrating social relationships into current public health priorities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
Moving research on health and close relationships forward—a challenge and an obligation: Introduction to the special issue
| Pengarang | : | Dunkel Schetter, Christine. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 511-516 |
| Abstrak | : | Close relationships are integral to the health and adaptation of our species. The evidence is incontestable, and it is the building block upon which future theory, research, and practice rests. This foreword notes the distinct domains and independent histories of relationship science and health psychology and calls for further thorough integration within the broader context of team science. The articles in this special issue focus on interpersonal mechanisms, cultural specificity, personality and emotion regulation, couples dynamics in chronic disease, and the increasingly complex biological mechanisms involved in linking relationships to health outcomes. They point to the importance of life stage, especially childhood and late adulthood, for understanding unique relationship and health issues. The challenge remains to translate existing and future knowledge into interventions to improve social relationships for the benefit of physical and mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) |
Toward a globally informed psychology of humiliation: Comment on McCauley (2017)
| Pengarang | : | Hartling, Linda M.; Lindner, Evelin G. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 705-706 |
| Abstrak | : | There has never been a more urgent time for psychologists to gain a broader and deeper understanding of the pernicious dynamics of humiliation. Congratulations to the American Psychologist for introducing an article on the topic of humiliation and asymmetric conflict. Based on more than 20 years of research, a global community of scholars has established humiliation studies as a field of academic inquiry and has built a solid foundation of expertise on the phenomenon of humiliation and its impact. Open violence is only the tip of the iceberg. This commentary offers substantial clarifications and updates in support of McCauley’s article and invites psychologists to recognize their vital role in developing research and clinical practice to address the explosive consequences of humiliation around the globe. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
Witch persecutions and torture: Comment on Alison and Alison (2017)
| Pengarang | : | Sjoberg, Rickard L |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 703-704 |
| Abstrak | : | In their article Alison and Alison (2017) argue that historical experiences speak against the efficacy of torture. In this comment experiences from the witch persecutions in Europe during the 15th to 17th centuries that support this notion are discussed. Converging data suggests that torture was often instrumental in making large numbers of suspects confess to flying children through the air to nocturnal satanic meetings, during this period. A comparison of the number of false self incriminating confessions given during the Swedish witch trial in the parish of Rättvik 1671 (before royal sanction of torture was given) and the parish of Ockelbo 1675 (after royal sanction of torture was given) is used to illustrate this point. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
Missing developmental and sociocultural perspectives: Comment on the “Psychology of Terrorism” special issue (2017)
| Pengarang | : | García Coll, Cynthia; Marks, Amy K. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 701-702 |
| Abstrak | : | Two critical perspectives were missing from the special issue entitled “Psychology of Terrorism”: developmental and sociocultural. From a developmental point of view, the fact that most individuals who engage in terrorist groups or terroristic acts are young men is critically important. Perspectives from adolescent development, neuroscience, and social psychology can shed light on why this is the case. In addition, sociocultural perspectives are needed to answer important community-level questions, such as why some communities are more prone to having youth recruited for terrorism than others. From these perspectives, it is possible to see clearly how discrimination, social oppression, and victimization lead to negative developmental outcomes such as terrorist acts. Lastly, understanding individual and community level resilience against terrorism is necessary. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
Diverse perspectives are welcome: Reply to Martin (2017).
| Pengarang | : | Chandra, Siddharth; Leong, Frederick T. L. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 699-700 |
| Abstrak | : | Martin’s (2017) comment on Chandra and Leong (2016) highlighted (a) lack of definitional clarity of the concept of adaptability, (b) conceptual generality of the model, and (c) incomplete citations of the literature on adaptability. In this reply, the authors contend that lack of definitional clarity of adaptability is symptomatic of the multitude of definitions of adaptability by psychologists of diverse persuasions. Conceptual generality of the diversified portfolio model (DPM) stems from the choice of a broad definition of adaptability, which extends beyond the narrower definitions provided by scholars including Martin, as well as the capability of the model to mesh with this broad definition. Incomplete citations result from the choice to use a few well-known conceptualizations of adaptability for the purpose of exposition from among the thousands of extant studies on adaptability. The central point of Chandra and Leong (2016) is that diversification is an important antecedent and determinant of adaptability and imparts greater adaptability however defined or measured. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
Adaptability what it is and what it is not: Comment on Chandra and Leong (2016)
| Pengarang | : | Martin, Andrew J. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 696-698 |
| Abstrak | : | Chandra and Leong (2016) propose a new model of adaptability: the diversified portfolio model (DPM) of adaptability. Further thought and research on adaptability is a welcome addition to the limited body of work conducted on this topic to date. However, in their discussion there is a lack of definitional clarity, and there is frequent conflation of adaptability and resilience. It is also the case that the hypothesized adaptability model is general and could apply to many psychological constructs and processes (not just adaptability). In addition, there are gaps in research suggested by the authors that have been addressed by other researchers and there is a good deal of contemporary adaptability research that is not cited. Addressing these limitations in future work is vital to the further development of theory, research, and practice in the area of adaptability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) |