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Addiction training in clinical psychology: Are we keeping up with the rising epidemic
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| Pengarang | : | Dimoff, John D.; Sayette, Michael A.; Norcross, John C. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 689-695 |
| Abstrak | : | Addiction has emerged as a serious public health crisis. Clinical psychology as a hub science has a long-standing interest in addiction and is particularly well suited to offer multifaceted treatment to those struggling with substance use disorders. To examine how well clinical psychology training is addressing this proliferation of addiction-related problems, we surveyed the directors of clinical training at all APA-accredited U.S. clinical psychology doctoral programs on 7 occasions between 1999 and 2013. The number of clinical programs rose from 181 to 237 programs across the years, with at least 95% response at each wave of data collection. Results indicated that less than 40% of programs had even 1 faculty member studying addiction, and less than 1 third offered any specialty clinical training in addiction. Results also revealed that both the percentage of programs reporting any faculty studying addiction and the percentage of programs offering specialty clinics in addiction have not increased over the 14-year period. We argue that clinical psychology training must bolster its focus on addiction research and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
The psychology of neurofeedback: Clinical intervention even if applied placebo
| Pengarang | : | Thibault, Robert T.; Raz, Amir. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 679-688 |
| Abstrak | : | Advocates of neurofeedback make bold claims concerning brain regulation, treatment of disorders, and mental health. Decades of research and thousands of peer-reviewed publications support neurofeedback using electroencephalography (EEG-nf); yet, few experiments isolate the act of receiving feedback from a specific brain signal as a necessary precursor to obtain the purported benefits. Moreover, while psychosocial parameters including participant motivation and expectation, rather than neurobiological substrates, seem to fuel clinical improvement across a wide range of disorders, for-profit clinics continue to sprout across North America and Europe. Here, we highlight the tenuous evidence supporting EEG-nf and sketch out the weaknesses of this approach. We challenge classic arguments often articulated by proponents of EEG-nf and underscore how psychologists and mental health professionals stand to benefit from studying the ubiquitous placebo influences that likely drive these treatment outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
Online social network data as sociometric markers
| Pengarang | : | Binder, Jens F.; Buglass, Sarah L.; Betts, Lucy R.; Underwood, Jean D. M |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 668-678 |
| Abstrak | : | Data from online social networks carry enormous potential for psychological research, yet their use and the ethical implications thereof are currently hotly debated. The present work aims to outline in detail the unique information richness of this data type and, in doing so, to support researchers when deciding on ethically appropriate ways of collecting, storing, publishing, and sharing data from online sources. Focusing on the very nature of social networks, their structural characteristics, and depth of information, we provide a detailed and accessible account of the challenges associated with data management and data storage. In particular, the general nonanonymity of network data sets is discussed, and an approach is developed to quantify the level of uniqueness that a particular online network bestows upon the individual maintaining it. Using graph enumeration techniques, we show that comparatively sparse information on a network is suitable as a sociometric marker that allows for the identification of an individual from the global population of online users. The impossibility of anonymizing specific types of network data carries implications for ethical guidelines and research practice. At the same time, network uniqueness opens up opportunities for novel research in psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) |
The microbiome as a novel paradigm in studying stress and mental health
| Pengarang | : | Liu, Richard T. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 655-667 |
| Abstrak | : | At the intersection between neuroscience, microbiology, and psychiatry, the enteric microbiome has potential to become a novel paradigm for studying the psychobiological underpinnings of mental illness. Several studies provide support for the view that the enteric microbiome influences behavior through the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Moreover, recent findings are suggestive of the possibility that dysregulation of the enteric microbiota (i.e., dysbiosis) and associated bacterial translocation across the intestinal epithelium may be involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders, particularly depression. The current article reviews preliminary evidence linking the enteric microbiota and its metabolites to psychiatric illness, along with separate lines of empirical inquiry on the potential involvement of psychosocial stressors, proinflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and vagal nerve activation, respectively, in this relationship. Finally, and drawing on these independent lines of research, an integrative conceptual model is proposed in which stress-induced enteric dysbiosis and intestinal permeability confer risk for negative mental health outcomes through immunoregulatory, endocrinal, and neural pathways. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
Voice-only communication enhances empathic accuracy
| Pengarang | : | Kraus, Michael W. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 644-654 |
| Abstrak | : | This research tests the prediction that voice-only communication increases empathic accuracy over communication across senses. We theorized that people often intentionally communicate their feelings and internal states through the voice, and as such, voice-only communication allows perceivers to focus their attention on the channel of communication most active and accurate in conveying emotions to others. We used 5 experiments to test this hypothesis (N = 1,772), finding that voice-only communication elicits higher rates of empathic accuracy relative to vision-only and multisense communication both while engaging in interactions and perceiving emotions in recorded interactions of strangers. Experiments 4 and 5 reveal that voice-only communication is particularly likely to enhance empathic accuracy through increasing focused attention on the linguistic and paralinguistic vocal cues that accompany speech. Overall, the studies question the primary role of the face in communication of emotion, and offer new insights for improving emotion recognition accuracy in social interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
Beyond happiness: Building a science of discrete positive emotions.
| Pengarang | : | Shiota, Michelle N.; Campos, Belinda; Oveis, Christopher; Hertenstein, Matthew J.; Simon-Thomas, Emiliana; Keltner, Dacher. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 617-643 |
| Abstrak | : | While trait positive emotionality and state positive-valence affect have long been the subject of intense study, the importance of differentiating among several “discrete” positive emotions has only recently begun to receive serious attention. In this article, we synthesize existing literature on positive emotion differentiation, proposing that the positive emotions are best described as branches of a “family tree” emerging from a common ancestor mediating adaptive management of fitness-critical resources (e.g., food). Examples are presented of research indicating the importance of differentiating several positive emotion constructs. We then offer a new theoretical framework, built upon a foundation of phylogenetic, neuroscience, and behavioral evidence, that accounts for core features as well as mechanisms for differentiation. We propose several directions for future research suggested by this framework and develop implications for the application of positive emotion research to translational issues in clinical psychology and the science of behavior change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
From print to digital (1985–2015): APA’s evolving role in psychological publishing.
| Pengarang | : | VandenBos, Gary R. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 837-847 |
| Abstrak | : | Knowledge dissemination plays an important role in all scientific fields. The American Psychological Association’s (APA) journal publication program was established in 1927. During the 1960s, the Psychological Abstracts publication was computerized. In the mid-1980s, a reenergizing of APA Publishing began, with the establishment of the APA Books Program, as well as the movement of abstracts to CD–ROMs. This article describes the 30-year program of expansion of APA Publishing, covering the period from 1985 through 2015. This period saw the journals program grow from 15 journals to 89 journals, the abstract program grow into an Internet-based delivery system, the creation of the APA’s own PsycNET delivery platform, the creation of 6 addition databases, and the establishment of dictionaries and handbooks of psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
A quarter century of psychological practice in mental health and health care: 1990–2016.
| Pengarang | : | Teopilus, Susanta,Diptoadi, Veronica L.,Pranyoto, Hartono |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 822-836 |
| Abstrak | : | Powerful forces have shaped professional psychology over the past 25 years, including significant changes in health policy and health care delivery systems. Examples include managed care cost containment, rapid growth of nondoctoral mental health providers, federal mental health parity legislation, and passage of the Affordable Care Act of 2010, with its emphasis on primary care–behavioral health integration and alternatives to fee-for-service reimbursement. This article considers these factors for psychology as a mental health profession and as a health profession more broadly defined, and describes the American Psychological Association’s advocacy about the value of psychology in each domain. While challenging to psychology’s traditional models of care, these changes offer significant promise for the future of psychology in health care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
NIH behavioral and social sciences research support: 1980–2016.
| Pengarang | : | Kaplan, Robert M.; Johnson, Suzanne Bennett; Kobor, Patricia Clem. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 808-821 |
| Abstrak | : | The history of behavioral and social science research funding at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) between 1980 and 2016 is reviewed. Noncommunicable diseases are now the primary cause of death worldwide and most are strongly linked to behavior. Developed under the prevailing zeitgeist of the biomedical model, behavioral and social science has often been underfunded at NIH. In 1990, the Senate Appropriations Committee, recognizing that behavior may contribute to about half of all premature deaths, recommended that funding for behavioral and social sciences research should be about 10% of the NIH budget. NIH and American Psychological Association efforts to address this goal are described. Data from several sources suggest that this goal has never been realized. Patterns of federal funding for research may have a significant influence on scientific disciplines. Fields of study that have received more extramural funding are associated with greater growth in faculty and higher faculty salaries. A renewed effort to increase the federal investment in behavioral and social sciences research is necessary. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
Twenty-five years of education in psychology and psychology in education.
| Pengarang | : | Rozensky, Ronald H.; Grus, Catherine L.; Fouad, Nadya A.; McDaniel, Susan H. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 791-807 |
| Abstrak | : | This article is part of a special issue of the American Psychologist celebrating the American Psychological Association’s (APA’s) 125th anniversary. The article reviews the last quarter century (1991–2016) of accomplishments by psychology’s education and training community and APA’s Education Directorate. The purpose is to highlight key trends and developments over the past quarter century that illustrate ways the Directorate sought to advance education in psychology and psychology in education, as the Directorate’s mission statement says. The focus of the Directorate has been on building a cooperative culture across psychology’s broad education and training community. Specifically APA has (a) promoted quality education—from prekindergarten through lifelong learning, (b) encouraged accountability through guidelines and standards for education and training, and (c) supported the discovery and dissemination of new knowledge to enhance health, education, and well-being. After identifying challenges and progress, the article discusses the future of the field of psychology and the preparation of its workforce of tomorrow. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |