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APA efforts in promoting human rights and social justice.
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| Pengarang | : | Leong, Frederick T. L.; Pickren, Wade E.; Vasquez, Melba J. T. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 778-790 |
| Abstrak | : | This article reviews the American Psychological Association’s (APA) efforts in promoting human rights and social justice. Beginning with a historical review of the conceptualizations of human rights and social justice, the social challenges that have faced the United States over time are discussed in relation to the APA’s evolving mission and strategic initiatives enacted through its boards, committees, and directorates. From early efforts on the Board for Social and Ethical Responsibility in Psychology and the Board of Ethnic Minority Affairs to the establishment of the Public Interest Directorate, the APA’s efforts to address these human rights and social justice challenges through its task force reports, guidelines, and policies are described. Specifically, issues related to diversity and underrepresentation of minority group members and perspective within the APA, as well as women’s issues (prochoice, violence against women, sexualization of young girls, human trafficking) were central to these efforts. These minority groups included racial and ethnic minority groups; immigrants and refugees; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and queer individuals; and those with disabilities. Later attention shifted to broader social justice challenges within a public health perspective, such as AIDS, obesity, and violence. Also included is a brief discussion of the Hoffman Report. The article ends with a discussion of future directions for the APA’s efforts related to human rights and social justice related to health disparities, violent extremism, social inequality, migration, cultural and racial diversity, and an evidence-based approach to programming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
Public education and media relations in psychology.
| Pengarang | : | Wedding, Danny. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 764-777 |
| Abstrak | : | This article reviews psychology’s attempts to influence public attitudes about both the science and the profession of psychology. The early history of the profession is reviewed, and the efforts of the American Psychological Association (APA) to shape the public’s perception of psychology are discussed. The rise of social media is reviewed, and important social media outlets relevant to psychology are identified. The activities of the Society for Media Psychology and Technology (APA Division 46) are illustrated, and the presidents of the Division are identified. The work of those psychologists who are noted public intellectuals or who have received Nobel prizes or National Medal of Science awards for their research is briefly reviewed, and the public notoriety of 4 prominent media celebrities (Joy Browne, Joyce Brothers, Laura Schlessinger, and Phil McGraw) is discussed. Several controversies in the field of psychology that have influenced the public and their attitudes about psychology are also briefly reviewed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) |
APAs amicus curiae program: Bringing psychological research to judicial decisions.
| Pengarang | : | Gilfoyle, Nathalie; Dvoskin, Joel A. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 753-763 |
| Abstrak | : | An important part of the American Psychological Association’s (APA) mission is to advance psychological science “to promote health, education, and public welfare.” Organizations with powerful influence on human welfare include state and federal appellate courts, especially the U.S. Supreme Court. Initially, APA’s amicus briefs focused on issues of importance to both individual psychologists and public policy. As the program evolved, APA increasingly focused on informing the courts about psychological science relevant to important legal issues, including criminal, civil, juvenile, education, disability, and human rights law. These briefs, and the science that supported them, consistently challenged stereotypical beliefs of laypeople with solid, easily understood empirical research. APA impartially advocates for the use of psychological science research findings by the courts, not on behalf of parties. Volunteer experts, including representatives of relevant APA divisions, participate in creating APA briefs. On occasion, other scientific organizations may join with APA in its filings. The measure of an amicus brief is broader than citations in appellate decisions. Although APA’s briefs have been cited many times by courts, a broader impact of APA briefs is seen by references to psychosocial research provided by APA in decisions where its briefs were not specifically cited. APA briefs are being read and are affecting major legal decisions. For APA, the relevant question is not whether its briefs “prevailed” in a case but whether the court was able to render a more informed decision. An important benefit of APA’s amicus program has been advancing both the reputation of psychological science and APA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) |
Psychology, public policy, and advocacy: Past, present, and future.
| Pengarang | : | |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 737-752 |
| Abstrak | : | This article offers a historical perspective on the contributions of the field of psychology and the American Psychological Association (APA) to the public policy arena. It traces APA’s involvement from a 1956 Council of Representatives resolution on the application of psychology to inform public policy to current advocacy initiatives related to psychological science, practice, and education in the public interest. Attention is directed to APA’s early policy structures together with the development of affiliated state, provincial, and territorial psychological associations and the first political action committee for psychology. The criteria for engagement in advocacy and the goals and functions of APA’s policy and advocacy initiatives, including the APA Congressional and Executive Branch Science Fellowship Program, are also discussed. The evolution of psychology’s public policy role is illustrated by an increasing level of federal advocacy engagement and effectiveness over time, as well as by the emergence of psychology leaders in Congress and the Executive Branch. The authors’ concluding reflections on the future of psychology in the public policy arena derive from their many years of experience working on or with Capitol Hill, at APA as elected officials or senior staff, and in various roles in academia, think tanks, service delivery, and the private sector. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
125 years of the American Psychological Association.
| Pengarang | : | Green, Christopher D.; Cautin, Robin L. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 722-736 |
| Abstrak | : | The American Psychological Association (APA) began 125 years ago as a small club of a few dozen members in the parlor of its founder, G. Stanley Hall. In the decades since, it has faced many difficulties and even a few existential crises. Originally a scientific society, it spent the decades between the world wars figuring out how to accommodate the growing community of applied psychologists while still retaining and enhancing its scientific reputation. After World War II, with an expanded mandate, it developed formal training models for clinical psychologists and became an important player in legal cases pertaining to civil rights and other social justice issues. With practitioners taking an ever-greater role in the governance of the organization in the late 1970s, and the financial viability of the association in doubt in the 1980s, many psychological scientists felt the need to create a separate organization for themselves. The 1990s and early 2000s brought more challenges: declining divisional memberships; a legal dispute over fees with practitioners; and a serious upheaval over the APA Board of Directors’ cooperation with governmental defense and intelligence agencies during the “war on terror.” These clashes appear to have precipitated a decline in the association’s membership for the first time in its history. The APA has faced many storms over its century-and-a-quarter, but has, thus far, always ultimately found a way forward for itself, for its members, and for the wider discipline of psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) |
125th anniversary of the American Psychological Association Accomplishments and challenges: Introduction to the special issue.
| Pengarang | : | VandenBos, Gary R.; Hogan, John D.; Kazak, Anne E. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 72 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 719-721 |
| Abstrak | : | In 2017, the American Psychological Association (APA) celebrates the 125th anniversary of its founding. This special issue commemorates this milestone by providing long- and short-term views on the history of APA and its role in psychology in America. The opening paper presents an overview of initiatives and challenges facing the field of psychology and APA in five periods, each roughly 25 years in length. The remaining eight articles review specific issues and areas of activity over varying lengths of time in more recent years. Issues of policy involvement, relations with the media, and involvement with the courts are described, as well as developments related to social justice, education, science, practice, and publications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) |
Beyond post, traumatic, growth, and prediction in research on posttraumatic growth.
| Pengarang | : | Adler, Jonathan M.; Schwaba, Ted. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1227-1240 |
| Abstrak | : | Thirty years after the introduction of posttraumatic growth (PTG), research on the concept has expanded dramatically. Novel theoretical perspectives included in this special issue, however, demonstrate that nearly every element of PTG requires revision. “Post” implies a definitive before and after adversity that simply does not exist, either empirically or in the everyday navigation of adversity, especially for marginalized people. “Trauma” is appropriately scaled to the gravity of some forms of adversity, yet the term is often overly pathologizing or flattening of individual experience. And “growth” is often misleading, difficult to operationalize, and always value-laden. Studying PTG requires grappling with these claims in a way that can inspire pessimism. What is left in PTG after we question the P, T, and G? In asking this question, we ultimately encounter the limits of empiricism. Drawing insights from contemporary research in lifespan development, we suggest that it may be impossible to prospectively predict, using individual-level variables, how people grapple with adversity and develop after it. There are limits to our understanding of PTG that may simply be insurmountable. But complementary perspectives in narrative research, especially those espoused in this issue, as well as in the humanities and the arts, offer a way forward. Retrospectively understanding adverse events and taking an idiographic and qualitative perspective on the ways in which people navigate them can both humanize and bolster inclusivity in PTG research. We conclude by suggesting a period of enhanced divergent exploration, one that embraces disciplinary humility and epistemological and methodological pluralism to further understand PTG. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Do many hands make light work The role of romantic partners and close relationships in posttraumatic growth.
| Pengarang | : | Purol, Mariah F.; Chopik, William J. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1214-1226 |
| Abstrak | : | Our relationships are an important resource for health and well-being in times of need, often buffering the negative effects of stressful situations. Recent research has expanded on these buffering effects, exploring the role of close others in the experience of posttraumatic growth (PTG), or positive personality change that occurs after someone has experienced trauma. In the current review, we examine how much of a role partners play in PTG for individuals, summarizing the existing evidence suggesting that partners can influence the experience of PTG. Additionally, we examine which partner traits or behaviors may facilitate this growth for individuals, discussing relationship-relevant mechanisms, facilitators, and suppressors of PTG. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, we also discuss the quality of existing evidence for the influence of social relationships on PTG, how can we improve the quality of future research, and what is needed for a comprehensive examination of partner-influenced PTG. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Not just growth, but worldmaking: A phenomenological exploration of posttraumatic growth among sexual minority women and nonbinary individuals.
| Pengarang | : | Ellis, Emilie; Wieling, Elizabeth. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1202-1213 |
| Abstrak | : | Despite experiencing disproportionately high rates of trauma exposure and traumatic stress, sexual and gender minority populations are underrepresented in research on posttraumatic growth (PTG). Data from two waves of semistructured life review phenomenological interviews with 14 sexual minority women and nonbinary individuals were analyzed to explore sexual minority women and nonbinary individuals’ lived experiences of growth and healing from exposure to traumatic events. Three main themes were identified: (1) healing through interpersonal connection; (2) new learning about the self and relationships; and (3) healing as political. The first theme describes the central role of interpersonal connection; whereas some participants described seeking and receiving social support from others, most discussed the value of healing with others. The second theme characterizes new learning following trauma, such as learning that, in healthy and safe relationships, one can be loved for who they are. The third theme encompasses how participants politicized their PTG and that even the process of politicizing the traumatic experience itself facilitated growth, as participants understood their struggle as connected to larger systems of oppression, contributing to further identity development. Our findings suggest that sexual minority women and nonbinary individuals experience PTG as a political, iteratively individual and relational process of queer worldmaking (Berlant & Warner, 1998). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Pathways to queer thriving in an LGBTQ+ intergenerational community.
| Pengarang | : | Weststrate, Nic M.; Greteman, Adam J.; Morris, Karen A.; Moore, Lisa L. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1185-1201 |
| Abstrak | : | LGBTQ+ people and communities continue to survive and thrive within the context of complex and unrelenting personal, structural, and collective trauma. Psychological research has examined this adaptive capacity through frameworks of resilience and posttraumatic growth. Through multidisciplinary engagement, we have identified limitations of these frameworks when they are applied to LGBTQ+ communities. In the first half of this article, we reconceptualize resilience and posttraumatic growth as queer thriving and offer the Möbius strip as a metaphor to challenge and expand normative ideas around direction, trajectory, timeline, and outcomes of positive change through adversity. In the second half of this article, we explore pathways to queer thriving within an LGBTQ+ intergenerational community project—an ethnographic experiment—that we have cofacilitated since 2019. We view generational divisions in LGBTQ+ communities as both a reflection and a form of trauma. In our ethnographic experiment, LGBTQ+ younger and older adults have the rare opportunity to heal this division by coming together for storytelling, dialogue, and artmaking around themes and issues important to their lives. In this article, we present three ethnographic vignettes that powerfully illustrate the potential for queer thriving through intergenerational social connection. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of mixed-disciplinary, community-engaged, and descriptive approaches to examining resilience and posttraumatic growth within marginalized communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |