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Black intergenerational healing and well-being: Reimagining posttraumatic growth.
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| Pengarang | : | Ortega-Williams, Anna; Stephens, Tricia; Henderson, Zuleka. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1171-1184 |
| Abstrak | : | For Black people of the African diaspora, who have survived generational oppression including enslavement, and exist in persistently hostile environments in which anti-Black racism is structural and interpersonal, an expansive view of posttraumatic growth (PTG) is required to promote personal and collective healing. Using the intergenerational healing and well-being framework, the authors examine historical and contemporary examples of personal and collective healing among Black people to reimagine pathways to PTG. Implications for helping professions when rethinking PTG in the context of systemic anti-Black racism are presented. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
A stigma-conscious framework for resilience and posttraumatic change.
| Pengarang | : | King, Danielle D.; Lopiano, Gabrielle; Fattoracci, Elisa S. M. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1155-1170 |
| Abstrak | : | Members of stigmatized groups face severe, chronic adversities that produce qualitatively unique and often challenging experiences. Further, access to resources relevant to overcoming adversity (e.g., time, money, energy, support) is depleted and blocked by stigmatization. However, current approaches to resilience and posttraumatic growth do not account for stigma, hindering our understanding of both constructs. Thus, drawing from the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989), we develop a stigma-conscious framework on resilience and posttraumatic change (PTC) that extends existing work by enhancing realism and generalizability for stigmatized groups. We present a multilevel framework that explains how and why stigmatization directly (as an input) and indirectly (as an influencer of resource-related mechanisms) shapes resilience and PTC processes and outcomes. This framework advances interpretations of past work on resilience and posttraumatic growth, their respective conceptualizations and operationalizations, future model development, and interventions. We encourage and guide scholars to integrate stigma into resilience and PTC research and applications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Psychological predictors of socioeconomic resilience amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from machine learning.
| Pengarang | : | Sheetal, Abhishek; Ma, Anyi; Infurna, Frank J. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1139-1154 |
| Abstrak | : | What predicts cross-country differences in the recovery of socioeconomic activity from the COVID-19 pandemic? To answer this question, we examined how quickly countries’ socioeconomic activity bounced back to normalcy from disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic based on residents’ attitudes, values, and beliefs as measured in the World Values Survey. We trained nine preregistered machine learning models to predict the rate at which various socioeconomic metrics (e.g., public transportation occupancy, cinema attendance) recovered from their COVID-19 lows based on the World Values Survey. All models had high predictive accuracy when presented with out-of-sample data (rs ≥ .83). Feature importance analyses identified five psychological predictors that most strongly predicted socioeconomic recovery from COVID-19: religiosity, liberal social attitudes, the value of independence, obedience to authority, and the Protestant work ethic. Although past research has established the role of religiosity, liberalism, and independence in predicting resilience, it has not yet considered obedience to authority or the Protestant work ethic. Thus, the current research suggests new directions for future work on resilience that may not be apparent from either a deductive or an inductive approach. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Functional brain network organization and multidomain resilience to neighborhood disadvantage in youth.
| Pengarang | : | Bezek, Jessica L.; Tillem, Scott; Suarez, Gabriela L.; Burt, S. Alexandra; Vazquez, Alexandra Y.; Michael, Cleanthis; Sripada, Chandra; Kump, Kelly L.; Hyde, Luke W. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1123-1138 |
| Abstrak | : | Though youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods experience greater risk for poor behavioral and mental health outcomes, many go on to show resilience in the face of adversity. A few recent studies have identified neural markers of resilience in cognitive and affective brain networks, yet the broader network organization supporting resilience in youth remains unknown, particularly in relation to neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, most studies have defined resilience as the absence of psychopathology, which does not consider growing evidence that resilience also includes positive outcomes across multiple domains (e.g., social, academic). We examined associations between brain network organization and multiple resilience domains in a sample of 708 twins (7–19 years old) recruited from neighborhoods with above-average poverty levels. Graph analysis on functional connectivity data from resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to characterize features of intrinsic whole-brain and network-level organization, from which we explored associations with resilience in three domains: psychological, social, and academic. Fewer connections between a brain network involved in self-referential processing (i.e., default mode network) and the subcortical system were associated with greater social resilience. Further, greater whole-brain functional integration (i.e., efficiency) was associated with better psychological resilience among youth with relatively lower levels of cumulative adversity exposure. Alternatively, lower whole-brain efficiency and higher whole-brain robustness to disruption (i.e., assortativity) were associated with greater psychological and social resilience among youth with relatively higher levels of cumulative adversity. These findings advance support for multidimensional resilience models and reveal distinct neural mechanisms supporting resilience to neighborhood disadvantage across specific domains in youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Early adolescents ethnic racial discrimination and pubertal development: Parents ethnic racial identities promote adolescents resilience.
| Pengarang | : | Del Toro, Juan; Anderson, Riana E.; Sun, Xiaoran; Lee, Richard M. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1109-1122 |
| Abstrak | : | Ethnically and racially underrepresented adolescents are experiencing pubertal development earlier in life than prior cohorts and their White American peers. This early onset of puberty is partly attributable to ethnic–racial discrimination. To contribute to adolescents’ resilience and posttraumatic growth in the face of ethnic–racial discrimination, parents’ ethnic–racial identities may spill over into their parenting beliefs and practices. Parents who have a sense of belonging with and commitment to their ethnic–racial identities may be aware of discrimination and actively and consistently engage in practices that build supportive home environments to support their children’s development in the context of ethnic–racial discrimination. To assess whether parents’ ethnic–racial identity commitment predicted adolescents’ resilience against ethnic–racial discrimination, we used multiple waves of survey data from adolescent siblings and their parents participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (N-adolescents = 1,651; N-families = 805; 35% Black, 37% Latinx, 3% Asian, 25% other ethnically and racially underrepresented youth; 49% boys, 50% girls, 1% gender nonconforming youth; Mage = 11.49, SD = 0.51). Results indicated that adolescents who experienced more frequent ethnic–racial discrimination than their siblings showed more advanced pubertal development. Parental ethnic–racial identity commitment reduced the relation between discrimination and pubertal development within a family. Results suggest that ethnic–racial identity commitment in parents can protect children when they experience ethnic–racial discrimination. Building on extant propositions related to resilience (Infurna & Luthar, 2018), the present study amplifies the depiction of resilience, yields recommendations for analysis of future research, and provides implications regarding the role of ethnicity–race in familial practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Resilience looks like me: Community stakeholder perspectives on resilience in Black boys and young men exposed to community violence.
| Pengarang | : | Walker, Indya A.; Smith Lee, Jocelyn R.; Payton Foh, Erica; McKoy, Precious; Johnson, Miaya H. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1092-1108 |
| Abstrak | : | Black boys and young men are disproportionately burdened with navigating contexts of community violence resulting from race-based structural inequities and concentrated disadvantage. Despite this chronic adversity, many Black boys and young men thrive; however, resilience research has traditionally focused on identifying individual- and family-level factors that support resilience. Research has yet to fully examine community-level resources that facilitate processes of resilience for Black boys and young men in the contexts of trauma, violence, and poverty. Guided by ecological frameworks and using the community-based participatory method of action-oriented community diagnosis, our qualitative study examines the perspectives of diverse community stakeholders (N = 29) whose roles and influence span systems levels and shape contexts of violence and healing for Black boys and young men in Greensboro, North Carolina. Findings point toward relationship (mentoring), community (safe spaces to heal), and societal (interventions to dismantle racism) level opportunities and barriers (“terroristic territorialism”) to promote resilience in Black boys and young men. Implications for research and praxis that broadens the scope of resilience research from successful adaptation to conditions of community violence to community-level intervention to promote resilience and transformation are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Resilience to major life events: Advancing trajectory modeling and resilience factor identification by controlling for background stressor exposure.
| Pengarang | : | Ahrens, Kira F.; Schenk, Charlotte; Kollmann, Bianca; Puhlmann, Lara M. C.; Neumann, Rebecca J.; Schäfer, Sarah K.; Reis, Dorota; Basten, Ulrike; Weichert, Danuta; Fiebach, Christian J.; Lutz, Beat; Wessa, Michèle; Repple, Jonathan; Lieb, Klaus; Tüscher, Oliver; Reif, Andreas; Kalisch, Raffael; Plichta, Michael M. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1076-1091 |
| Abstrak | : | Resilience has been defined as the maintenance or quick recovery of mental health during and after stressor exposure. One popular operationalization of this concept is to model prototypical trajectories of mental health in response to an adverse event, where trajectories of undisturbed low or rapidly recovering symptoms both comply with the resilience definition. However, mental health responses are likely also influenced by other stressors occurring before or during the observation time window. These “background” stressors may affect a person’s assignment to a trajectory class. When using these classes as dependent variables to identify resilience-predictive factors, this may lead to false estimates. A new method to build exposure-controlled trajectories based on time courses of stressor reactivity (SR), rather than pure mental health scores, is demonstrated on a data set of 707 initially healthy participants living in Germany (67.33% female; Mage = 29.20, SD = 8.27). SR scores express individual deviations from the sample’s normative mental health reaction to observed real-life stressors during the observation time window, thus accounting for individual differences in exposure to background stressors. The resulting trajectory models are plausible. In analyses additionally controlling for background stressors occurring before the observation time window (past life events), low SR trajectories are predicted by the well-documented resilience factor sense of coherence, suggesting construct validity. Further, they are associated with lower odds of developing categorical mental health conditions, suggesting predictive validity. Our study provides the first proof of principle for a refined method to identify predictors of resilience to major stressor events. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Building a dynamic adaptational process theory of resilience (ADAPTOR): Stress exposure, reserve capacity, adaptation, and consequence.
| Pengarang | : | Bergeman, Cindy S.; Nelson, Niccole A. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1063-1075 |
| Abstrak | : | A Dynamic Adaptational Process Theory of Resilience (ADAPTOR) incorporates a synchronistic interplay of reserve capacity, adaptation, and consequences in the context of the larger exposome. This conceptualization of resilience centers on the argument that individuals can “build” resilience by drawing upon their various reserve capacities to effectively adapt to challenging contextual factors, and that this process has long-term consequences for health and wellness trajectories. These theoretical arguments were tested using the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-Being–COVID Study, which is a multitimescale, longitudinal study of data collected from September 2020 through February 2022. We included 444 participants (age range = 26–90, M = 62.23, SD = 14.26), and used hierarchical linear modeling to assess the effects of global perceptions of stress reactivity (reserve capacity), daily affective reactivity (adaptation), as well as negative pandemic exposure (exposome) on trajectories of depression and anxiety (consequences) across the COVID-19 pandemic. Most pertinent to ADAPTOR, an interactive effect indicated that reserve capacity and adaptation may serve compensatory roles for one another in the context of a more stressful exposome, whereas the synchrony between reserve capacity and adaptation may be important in the context of a less stressful exposome. These findings support the ADAPTOR framework, such that reserve capacity, adaptation, the exposome, and their confluence differentially impact various consequences. This ultimately highlights the importance of taking a dynamic, process-oriented, and multifaceted approach to studying resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
The social determinants of resilience: A conceptual framework to integrate psychological and policy research.
| Pengarang | : | Last, Briana S.; Triplett, Noah S.; McGinty, Emma E.; Waller, Claire R.; Khazanov, Gabriela Kattan; Beidas, Rinad S. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1049-1062 |
| Abstrak | : | The psychological study of resilience has increasingly underscored the need for children and families to access material and psychological resources to positively adapt to significant stress. Redistributive policies—policies that downwardly reallocate society’s social and economic resources—can offer economically disadvantaged families sustained access to these resources and mitigate the harmful impacts of adversity. This conceptual article builds upon and integrates insights from psychological and policy research to develop a unifying multilevel resilience framework, which we call the Social Determinants of Resilience. We examine four U.S. redistributive policies that have been extensively studied for their effects on child and family outcomes as case studies: (1) Medicaid expansion; (2) the Earned Income Tax Credit; (3) childcare subsidies; and (4) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. Informed by a scoping review of each policy, we propose that redistributive policies promote children’s resilience through three mechanisms by (1) increasing families’ resource and service access; (2) reducing family stress; and (3) enhancing adaptive cognitions, emotions, behaviors, and interpersonal processes that protect against the development of psychopathology and promote positive mental health outcomes. Highlighting current evidence for these resilience mechanisms as well as gaps in knowledge, we conclude by setting a multidisciplinary research agenda that can leverage this conceptual framework to advance the science on how redistributive policies enable children and families to thrive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
I am not your superwoman, Black girl magic, or beautiful struggle: Rethinking the resilience of Black women and girls.
| Pengarang | : | Bentley-Edwards, Keisha L.; Adams, Valerie N. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1036-1048 |
| Abstrak | : | The concept and social media hashtag, #BlackGirlMagic, is used to demonstrate the ability of Black women and girls to create paths and to succeed despite intersectional racism, sexism, and classism. Conversely, the concept of Black Girl Magic and Strong Black Woman schemas have been used to glorify struggle, undermine support, and victim-blame. Therefore, resiliency for Black women and girls requires clarification on how and why it is used and understood by researchers and practitioners. This article examines the experiences of Black women and girls by (a) evaluating the use of resiliency research and theoretical frameworks (Luthar et al., 2000; Spencer, 2005); (b) exploring unrecognized strengths and vulnerabilities across the lifespan; and (c) providing recommendations for researchers, interventionists, and practitioners to rethink resilience for Black women and girls. Black feminist thought and womanism frameworks are integrated to promote sustained healthy development for Black women and girls. Resiliency can only be promoted in Black women and girls if (a) immediate psychosocial and physical needs are addressed while (b) concurrently eliminating systemic barriers and social norms that allow Black women and girls to experience outsized adversity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |