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Reimagining maternal resilience: Incorporating the socioecological framework, lifecourse theory, and weathering hypothesis.
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| Pengarang | : | Fathima Wakeel |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1025-1035 |
| Abstrak | : | Women of color are at least twice as likely as non-Hispanic White women to die during the perinatal period or deliver infants who are low birthweight, preterm, or die within the first year of life. Maternal stress before and during pregnancy is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. A growing body of literature has explored maternal resilience as protective factors contributing to healthy maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes. However, several gaps exist in how this construct has been conceptualized and operationalized. First, extant research has primarily conceptualized maternal resilience as individual attributes that enable women to “bounce back” after facing adversity during pregnancy, thereby failing to incorporate the broader systemic and environmental factors that contribute to chronic stress, particularly among vulnerable groups. Second, the literature has largely neglected to examine resilience in relation to maternal stress, therefore not acknowledging that women who experience greater stress will likely require more resources. Third, though resilience has been investigated at discrete life stages, longitudinal research has not been conducted to explore how it develops over the lifecourse. This article critically evaluates the resilience literature, expands upon the gaps described, and proposes a conceptual framework that reimagines material resilience using three population health theories, including Bronfenbrenner’s socioecological framework, Elder’s lifecourse theory, and Geronimus’ weathering hypothesis. The proposed framework will inform future research that examines the development of multilevel resilience resources over the lifecourse as well as interventions to increase resilience and ultimately yield healthier MCH outcomes among vulnerable communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Integrating systems of power and privilege in the study of resilience.
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 999-1011 |
| Abstrak | : | Although current approaches to the study of resilience acknowledge the role of context, rarely do those conceptualizations attend to societal systems and structures that include hierarchies of power and privilege—namely systems of racism, colonialism, patriarchy, and capitalism—nor do they articulate how these structural realities are embedded within individual experiences. We offer critiques of the current literature from this structural lens, using the concept of master narratives to articulate the incomplete and, at times, damaging story that the discipline of psychology has told about resilience. We then provide three models that center history, systems, and structures of society that can be employed in the study of resilience. We close with lessons learned from listening to those voices who have been marginalized by mainstream society, lessons that require us to redefine, broaden, and deepen our conceptualization of resilience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
How can we build structural resilience Integration of social ecological and minority stress models.
| Pengarang | : | Lee, Sharon Y.; Vergara-Lopez, Chrystal; Jennings, Ernestine; Nugent, Nicole R.; Parade, Stephanie H.; Tyrka, Audrey R.; Stroud, Laura R. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 1012-1024 |
| Abstrak | : | As the United States contends with racism and a social justice reckoning, the need to advance our understanding of how to build structural resilience continues to be pressing. This article proposes a culturally and structurally informed model of resilience for individuals with minoritized identities that integrates social–ecological and minority stress models. First, common stressors and traumas experienced by minoritized individuals at multiple levels of proximal/distal influence are reviewed: microsystem (e.g., family rejection), mesosystem (e.g., community-based discrimination), exosystem (e.g., barriers to health care), macrosystem (e.g., harmful legal policies), and chronosystem (e.g., historical legacy). Next, how these exposures have cascading effects on minority stress processes (e.g., discriminatory policies in the macrosystem affect how a child is socialized in the microsystem) are considered. Then, modifiable factors (e.g., community cohesion) that promote resiliency in the face of ongoing exposures are discussed. To conclude, guidelines are offered for advancing the psychological science of resilience in minoritized groups including mixed methods to reflect participants’ experiences, ecological approaches to assess resilience, and multilevel modeling to understand the interplay between the social–ecological context and individual factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Understanding adaptive responses to adversity: Introduction to the special issue on rethinking resilience and posttraumatic growth.
| Pengarang | : | Infurna, Frank J.; Jayawickreme, Eranda; Woods-Jaeger, Briana; Zalta, Alyson K. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 989-998 |
| Abstrak | : | Research on resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG) has significantly advanced our understanding of human adaptability to adversity, reflecting a widespread belief in the United States that such adaptability is commonplace. However, recent studies have highlighted conceptual and methodological limitations in these fields. These limitations call into question the credibility of existing research and underscore the need for multidisciplinary perspectives in understanding adaptive responses to adversity. This special issue aims to provide a foundation for a new generation of resilience and PTG research. It brings together innovative theoretical and empirical work that focuses on several key areas: the multifaceted nature and impacts of adversity, the importance of clarifying resilience and PTG in marginalized communities, methodological advancements in the field, and challenges to core theoretical and methodological assumptions underlying our scientific practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
American Psychological Association’s recommendation on the use of the terms “White” or “European”: Reply to Moffitt and Juang (2024).
| Pengarang | : | Akbar, Maysa; Awad, Germine H.; Worrell, Frank C. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 976-978 |
| Abstrak | : | The American Psychological Association released its second edition of the Inclusive Language Guide in late 2023. The guidance on the use of the terms “White” or “European American” did not change from the first edition. In this reply, we provide the rationale for using the terms “White” and “European” interchangeably for brevity in academic and policy discussions. Nonetheless, brevity should not be prioritized over accuracy or specificity. This recommendation also aims to explain how the use of “European American” labels instead of “White” can contribute to the adoption of multiculturalist views, ultimately reducing racial and ethnic prejudice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
White European American: Commentary on the American Psychological Associations updated Inclusive Language Guide.
| Pengarang | : | Moffitt, Ursula; Juang, Linda P. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 973-975 |
| Abstrak | : | The American Psychological Association (APA) released the second edition of the Inclusive Language Guide in late 2023. One aspect of this guide that was not updated from the previous version was the recommendation for authors to use either “White” or “European (nationality)” when “writing about people of European ancestry.” In this commentary, we argue that “white” and “European” or “European American,” for instance, are not terms that can or should be used interchangeably. Although most individuals racialized as white have European ancestry, it is generally not their ethnic heritage that is most impactful for their opportunities and experiences, but their perceived and ascribed inclusion in whiteness. Regardless of the research topic, employing the term “European (American)” rather than “white” obscures whiteness and the concomitant role of systemic racism shaping the lives of all individuals, including those racialized as white. Moreover, using the terms “white” and “European (American)” interchangeably implies that only people racialized as white can be European, masking the history and current reality of millions of Europeans of color. Labels that limit being European to those racialized as white perpetuate othering and uphold a hierarchy where being white is the only acceptable embodiment of being European. With racism on the rise in Europe, it is important for researchers to recognize the power of the language we use. We suggest that APA and scholars following APA style consider the implications of these terms and not use them interchangeably, as doing so reinforces inequity across the globe. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Empathy, compassion, and connection should be central in suicide assessment with youth of color: Commentary on Molock et al. (2023).
| Pengarang | : | Sommers-Flanagan, John; Rides At The Door, Maegan. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 970-972 |
| Abstrak | : | Molock et al. (2023) offered an excellent scholarly review and critique of suicide assessment tools with youth of color. Although providing useful information, their article neglected essential relational components of suicide assessment, implied that contemporary suicide assessment practices are effective with White youth, and did not acknowledge the racist origins of acculturation. To improve the suicide assessment process, psychologists and other mental health providers should emphasize respect and empathy, show cultural humility, and seek to establish trust before expecting openness and honesty from youth of color. Additionally, the fact that suicide assessment with youth who identify as White is also generally unhelpful, makes emphasizing relationship and development of a working alliance with all youth even more important. Finally, acculturation has racist origins and is a one-directional concept based on prevailing cultural standards; relying on acculturation during assessments with youth of color should be avoided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
A quasi-experimental study examining the efficacy of multimodal bot screening tools and recommendations to preserve data integrity in online psychological research.
| Pengarang | : | Simone, Melissa; Cascalheira, Cory J.; Pierce, Benjamin G. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 956-969 |
| Abstrak | : | Bots are automated software programs that pose an ongoing threat to psychological research by invading online research studies and their increasing sophistication over time. Despite this growing concern, research in this area has been limited to bot detection in existing data sets following an unexpected encounter with bots. The present three-condition, quasi-experimental study aimed to address this gap in the literature by examining the efficacy of three types of bot screening tools across three incentive conditions ($0, $1, and $5). Data were collected from 444 respondents via Twitter advertisements between July and September 2021. The efficacy of five task-based (i.e., anagrams, visual search), question-based (i.e., attention checks, ReCAPTCHA), and data-based (i.e., consistency, metadata) tools was examined with Bonferroni-adjusted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. In general, study results suggest that bot screening tools function similarly for participants recruited across incentive conditions. Moreover, the present analyses revealed heterogeneity in the efficacy of bot screening tool subtypes. Notably, the present results suggest that the least effective bot screening tools were among the most commonly used tools in existing literature (e.g., ReCAPTCHA). In sum, the study findings revealed highly effective and highly ineffective bot screening tools. Study design and data integrity recommendations for researchers are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Facial recognition technology and human raters can predict political orientation from images of expressionless faces even when controlling for demographics and self-presentation.
| Pengarang | : | Kosinski, Michal; Khambatta, Poruz; Wang, Yilun. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 942-955 |
| Abstrak | : | Carefully standardized facial images of 591 participants were taken in the laboratory while controlling for self-presentation, facial expression, head orientation, and image properties. They were presented to human raters and a facial recognition algorithm: both humans (r = .21) and the algorithm (r = .22) could predict participants’ scores on a political orientation scale (Cronbach’s α = .94) decorrelated with age, gender, and ethnicity. These effects are on par with how well job interviews predict job success, or alcohol drives aggressiveness. The algorithm’s predictive accuracy was even higher (r = .31) when it leveraged information on participants’ age, gender, and ethnicity. Moreover, the associations between facial appearance and political orientation seem to generalize beyond our sample: The predictive model derived from standardized images (while controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity) could predict political orientation (r ≈ .13) from naturalistic images of 3,401 politicians from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The analysis of facial features associated with political orientation revealed that conservatives tended to have larger lower faces. The predictability of political orientation from standardized images has critical implications for privacy, the regulation of facial recognition technology, and understanding the origins and consequences of political orientation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
The free will capacity: A uniquely human adaption.
| Pengarang | : | Sheldon, Kennon M. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 928-941 |
| Abstrak | : | Herein, I characterize free will (FW) is an evolved functional capacity within the mature human mind, which provides us with numerous adaptive benefits. The FW capacity was selected for because it enables us to respond effectively to momentary contingencies, via on-the-spot deliberation. But FW also extricates us from the present moment, enabling us to generate and decide between imagined long-term futures. Based upon a compatibilist philosophical definition of FW, I present a creative process model of how the FW capacity works, the goal breakthrough model. I show that the goal breakthrough model is consistent with extant neuroscientific research on the brain networks involved in creative cognition and choice. I also show that (a) exercising one’s FW is a basic psychological need, as evidenced by the fact that thwarting peoples’ autonomy can be harmful, and that (b) the FW process is influenced by peoples’ broad goals and narrative identities, providing a way for we conscious people to causally affect our lives and the world. Finally, I show how this framework integrates recent arguments that FW may be a uniquely human adaptation, ranging from neuroscience and cognitive to personality, social, and cultural perspectives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |