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Evidence-based practice in psychology: Context, guidelines, and action.
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| Pengarang | : | Melchert, Timothy P.; Halfond, Raquel W.; Hamdi, Nayla R.; Bufka, Lynn F.; Hollon, Steven D.; Cuttler, Michael J. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 824-937 |
| Abstrak | : | A science-based approach to understanding health and disease emerged gradually over the past two centuries, while the modern evidence-based approach to health care emerged only about a half-century ago. The evidence-based approach to practice in health service psychology (HSP) gained significant traction after the American Psychological Association (APA) adopted it as policy in 2005, and in 2021, APA approved the first comprehensive set of guidelines for practicing HSP in an evidence-based manner. Several authors of this 2021 set of guidelines along with an additional subject matter expert wrote the current article. This article outlines the development of evidence-based practice in psychology, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each of the three components of evidence-based practice (i.e., best available research, clinical expertise, and patient characteristics, culture, and preferences), and highlights the complexity involved in integrating related considerations during clinical decision making. The article then discusses strategies for the systematic application of this approach in HSP to improve the effectiveness of behavioral health care and strengthen population health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Population mental health science: Guiding principles and initial agenda.
| Pengarang | : | Dodge, Kenneth A.; Prinstein, Mitchell J.; Evans, Arthur C.; Ahuvia, Isaac L.; Alvarez, Kiara; Beidas, Rinad S.; Brown, Ashanti J.; Cuijpers, Pim; Denton, Ellen-ge; Hoagwood, Kimberly Eaton; Johnson, Christina; Kazdin, Alan E.; McDanal, Riley; Metzger, Isha W.; Rowley, Sonia N.; Schleider, Jessica; Shaw, Daniel S. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 805-823 |
| Abstrak | : | A recent American Psychological Association Summit provided an urgent call to transform psychological science and practice away from a solely individual-level focus to become accountable for population-level impact on health and mental health. A population focus ensures the mental health of all children, adolescents, and adults and the elimination of inequities across groups. Science must guide three components of this transformation. First, effective individual-level interventions must be scaled up to the population level using principles from implementation science, investing in novel intervention delivery systems (e.g., online, mobile application, text, interactive voice response, and machine learning-based), harnessing the strength of diverse providers, and forging culturally informed adaptations. Second, policy-driven community-level interventions must be innovated and tested, such as public efforts to promote physical activity, public policies to support families in early life, and regulation of corporal punishment in schools. Third, transformation is needed to create a new system of universal primary care for mental health, based on models such as Family Connects, Triple P, PROmoting School-community-university Partnerships to Enhance Resilience, Communities That Care, and the Early Childhood Collaborative of the Pittsburgh Study. This new system must incorporate valid measurement, universal screening, and a community-based infrastructure for service delivery. Addressing tasks ahead, including scientific creativity and discovery, rigorous evaluation, and community accountability, will lead to a comprehensive strategic plan to shape the emergent field of public mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
The future of large language models in social science research: Reply to Berger (2024) and Carrillo et al. (2024).
| Pengarang | : | Banker, Sachin; Chatterjee, Promothesh; Mishra, Himanshu; Mishra, Arul. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 803-804 |
| Abstrak | : | In their commentaries, Berger (2024) and Carrillo et al. (2024) raise several thoughtful questions regarding machine-assisted hypothesis generation in the social sciences. We discuss their ideas and build upon them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
A workflow for human-centered machine-assisted hypothesis generation: Commentary on Banker et al. (2024).
| Pengarang | : | Hermida Carrillo, Alejandro; Stachl, Clemens; Talaifar, Sanaz. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 800-802 |
| Abstrak | : | Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize a key aspect of the scientific process—hypothesis generation. Banker et al. (2024) investigate how GPT-3 and GPT-4 can be used to generate novel hypotheses useful for social psychologists. Although timely, we argue that their approach overlooks the limitations of both humans and LLMs and does not incorporate crucial information on the inquiring researcher’s inner world (e.g., values, goals) and outer world (e.g., existing literature) into the hypothesis generation process. Instead, we propose a human-centered workflow (Hope et al., 2023) that recognizes the limitations and capabilities of both the researchers and LLMs. Our workflow features a process of iterative engagement between researchers and GPT-4 that augments—rather than displaces—each researcher’s unique role in the hypothesis generation process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Machines, psychology, and hypothesis generation: Commentary on Banker et al. (2024).
| Pengarang | : | Jonah Berge |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 798-799 |
| Abstrak | : | Advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence are revolutionizing many aspects of human life, and as Banker et al. (2024) illustrate, generative artificial intelligence may also facilitate hypothesis generation in academic research. But while it is easy to imagine this idea generating some alarm (i.e., hypothesis generation may seem like the most creative, human part of research), their work actually raises an even more important question: Why should we believe that the current (human) method of hypothesis generation is somehow ideal in the first place? This article discusses the implications of their work and outlines how automated content analysis and machine learning can also help researchers determine what hypotheses deserve attention in the first place. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Machine-assisted social psychology hypothesis generation.
| Pengarang | : | Sachin Banker, Promothesh Chatterjee, Himanshu Mishra, and Arul Mishra |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 789-797 |
| Abstrak | : | Social psychology research projects begin with generating a testable idea that relies heavily on a researcher’s ability to assimilate, recall, and accurately process available research findings. However, an exponential increase in new research findings is making the task of synthesizing ideas across the multitude of topics challenging, which could result in important overlooked research connections. In this research, we leverage the fact that social psychology research is based on verbal models and employ large natural language models to generate hypotheses that can aid social psychology researchers in developing new research hypotheses. We adopted two methodological approaches. In the first approach, we fine-tuned the third-generation generative pre-trained transformer (GPT-3) language model on thousands of abstracts published in more than 50 social psychology journals in the past 55 years as well as on preprint repositories (PsyArXiv). Social psychology experts rated model- and human-generated hypotheses similarly on the dimensions of clarity, originality, and impact. In the second approach, without fine-tuning, we generated hypotheses using GPT-4 and found that social psychology experts rated these generated hypotheses as higher in quality than human-generated hypotheses on dimensions of clarity, originality, impact, plausibility, and relevance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Anti-Asian biases in federal grant reviews: Commentary on Yip et al. (2021).
| Pengarang | : | Yip, Tiffany; Lorenzo, Kyle; Bae, Jiwoon; Hall, Gordon Nagayama; Cheah, Charissa S. L.; Kiang, Lisa; Takeuchi, David; Tseng, Vivian |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 770-776 |
| Abstrak | : | Prior to the 2021 American Psychologist special issue “Rendered Invisible: Are Asian Americans a Model or a Marginalized Minority?” (Yip et al., 2021), only seven articles on Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations were published in the journal in 3 decades. The special issue interrogated sources of invisibility and marginalization of AANHPIs not only in the field of psychology but also in the broader national landscape. The current commentary provides a deeper dive into one of the primary drivers of AANHPI invisibility, anti-Asian biases encountered during the federal grant review process, which contributes to low funding rates and insufficient research on AANHPI communities. Despite comprising over 6% of the U.S. population, less than 1% of the National Institutes of Health’s funding portfolio supports science on AANHPI populations. This qualitative study revealed thematic barriers encountered during National Institutes of Health grant reviews. A one-time survey was circulated to professional scientific networks to obtain open-ended responses regarding applicants’ and reviewers’ experiences proposing research with AANHPI samples, resulting in data from N = 16 respondents. Respondents were asked to indicate their role in the review process (e.g., investigator, applicant, reviewer, other) and to provide open-ended responses detailing experiences of bias. Thematic coding revealed six principal themes: (1) invalidation, (2) limited reviewer knowledge, (3) oppression Olympics, (4) White comparison groups, (5) model minority myth, and (6) homogeneity of AANHPI groups. Building off these themes, this commentary concludes with five actionable policy and institutional recommendations aimed at achieving a more inclusive national research enterprise for AANHPI investigators and communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Where to begin to have impact on the treatment gap: Reply to Coifman and Gunstad (2024).
| Pengarang | : | Alan E. Kazdin |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 768-769 |
| Abstrak | : | Coifman and Gunstad (2024) raise cogent points about childhood and adolescence as a place to begin to help close the mental health treatment gap, note the potential of applications (apps) as a modality of intervention given the pervasiveness of smartphones, and highlight a large-scale intervention study to convey that treatments can be scaled in outcome research. I expand the range of interventions we might consider, pose a best-buy approach to decide how and where to begin to address the treatment gap, and underscore that mental health problems in children, adolescents, and adults are on the rise. We still have no evidence that we can close the treatment gap and that to do so will require a marriage of multiple disciplines, interventions, and agencies to effect change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
The gap between need and resources is urgent in emerging adulthood—This is an opportunity: Commentary on Kazdin (2024).
| Pengarang | : | Coifman, Karin G.; Gunstad, John. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 765-767 |
| Abstrak | : | Kazdin’s (2024) article details the urgent need for adjuvant treatment approaches focused on how individuals live in daily life. This is an essential pathway to reduce suffering given the global prevalence of psychological distress. We strongly agree and add that a targeted focus on the period of emerging adulthood is of vital importance. Evidence is consistent and compelling that need is high in this stressful developmental period, with the first onset of most psychiatric disorders and limited access to traditional mental health services. Moreover, evidence suggests that this is a life stage where “habits” relating to key lifestyle factors, including physical activity, nutrition, and social activities, have not yet coalesced, hence the opportunity for change may be greatest. These are habits that, as Kazdin (2024) writes, are robustly predictive of lifelong physical and mental health. To leverage this behavioral plasticity, we recommend enlisting the aid of smartphone technology that many emerging adults already use in their everyday lives. This will facilitate earlier intervention, potentially translating into decades of reduced suffering for many individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |
Emotion regulation strategies and psychological health across cultures.
| Pengarang | : | Tamir, Maya; Ito, Atsuki; Miyamoto, Yuri; Chentsova-Dutton, Yulia; Choi, Jeong Ha; Cieciuch, Jan; Riediger, Michaela; Rauers, Antje; Padun, Maria; Kim, Min Young; Solak, Nevin; Qiu, Jiang; Wang, Xiaoqin; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Hanoch, Yaniv; Uchida, Yukiko; Torres, Claudio; Nascimento, Thiago Gomes; Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar; Singh, Rakesh; Kamble, Shanmukh V.; An, Sieun; Dzokoto, Vivian; Anum, Adote; Singh, Babita; Castelnuovo, Gianluca; Pietrabissa, Giada; Huerta-Carvajal, María Isabel; Galindo-Bello, Erika; García Ibarra, Verónica Janneth. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 79 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 748-764 |
| Abstrak | : | Emotion regulation is important for psychological health and can be achieved by implementing various strategies. How one regulates emotions is critical for maximizing psychological health. Few studies, however, tested the psychological correlates of different emotion regulation strategies across multiple cultures. In a preregistered cross-cultural study (N = 3,960, 19 countries), conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed associations between the use of seven emotion regulation strategies (situation selection, distraction, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, expressive suppression, and emotional support seeking) and four indices of psychological health (life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and loneliness). Model comparisons based on Bayesian information criteria provided support for cultural differences in 36% of associations, with very strong support for differences in 18% of associations. Strategies that were linked to worse psychological health in individualist countries (e.g., rumination, expressive suppression) were unrelated or linked to better psychological health in collectivist countries. Cultural differences in associations with psychological health were most prominent for expressive suppression and rumination and also found for distraction and acceptance. In addition, we found evidence for cultural similarities in 46% of associations between strategies and psychological health, but none of this evidence was very strong. Cultural similarities were most prominent in associations of psychological health with emotional support seeking. These findings highlight the importance of considering the cultural context to understand how individuals from diverse backgrounds manage unpleasant emotions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) |