| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 86-92 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The Sydney Olympic Games was the largest peace time event ever. Telecommunications was critical to its operations and the delivery of the Games to 3.5 billion viewers around the world. The main challenges included the design and operation of the highest-density mobile network in the world at Sydney Olympic Park and the provisioning of the necessary international links from a remote country of just 19 million people for a 17-day event. This article describes the various networks used to make possible this highly successful event. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 76-84 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The Olympic Games pose a big challenge for all telecommunications services, including voice communications, live video transmission, data transmission, and cellular phone services. Even though it is only a 16-day program, the Olympics require a large-capacity network and specialgrade quality and reliability over a wide geographical area (including ski resorts in the mountains). This article presents an overview of the telecommunications system used in the Nagano 1998 Winter Olympic Games and reviews their performance. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 69-70 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Telecommunications are used intensively both during the preparation phase of the Olympic Games, which lasts seven years and involves thousands of persons, and during the Olympic Games themselves. They cover all sectors of the organization. Telecommunications have to be fully reliable and available in order to support the success of the Olympic Games. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 100-104 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The Olympic Games pose a special challenge for telecomunications since they should aim at two mutually contradicting targets. On one hand they should use mature, reliable, and well-known technology, while on the other hand they should exploit the latest achievements of technology. Furthermore, detailed planning should begin at least four years before the Games, given that the International Olympic Committee demands that technology should be fixed two years before the Games. In most cases in the past, it has been posible to predict an optimum point of equilibrium and to plan the use of a technology that would be new enough to be innovative, yet mature enough to be reliable. The 2004 Olympic Games is a different case because telecommunications technology is not only evolving at a fast pace but is also at a crossroads (i.e., circuit-based vs. IP-based networks). This last issue makes the challenge more difficult than ever to meet. The Hellenic Telecommunication Organization was recently (November 2000) named the exclusive provider of all telecommunications services of the Games. In this article we present an analysis of this special challenge and our plans for handling it. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 160-165 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The architecture and critical circuit design issues for high-speed serial data links operating in excess of 1 GB/s are described. Trade-offs in power vs. performance are presented for SONET/SDH transceivers and backplane transceivers for Infiniband or similar standards. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 144-151 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Generalized multiprotocol label switching, also referred to as multiprotocol lambda switching, is a multipurpose control plane paradigm that supports not only devices that perform packet switching, but also devices that perform switching in the time, wavelength, and space domains. The development of GMPLS necessitates enhancements to existing IP signaling and routing protocols. An overview of the MP-lambda-S concept was presented in [1], and a summary of the extensions to IP routing protocols (OSPF [2] and IS-IS [3]) and the new Link Management Protocol to support GMPLS were presented in a companion paper in the January issue of this magazine[4]. In this article we present enhancements to two commonly used IP signaling protocols, RSVP and LDP, to support GMPLS. We illustrate the concept of hierarchical label switched path setup with an example, discuss mechanisms for bidirectional LSP setup, and describe the applications of suggested labels. We also discuss the important problem of protection and restoration in the GMPLS context. Finally, we describe how various recovery mechanisms can be implemented within the GMPLS framework. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 134-142 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Multiprotocol label switching adds to the capabilities of IP networks in several ways. Despite new capabilities, MPLS technology has much in common with ordinary IP networks. In turn, the design process for MPLS networks has much in common with the design of any IP network. This article examines MPLS and IP technology with particular emphasis on what is common between them. The common design steps of MPLS networks and other IP networks are outlined briefly, and those issues specific to MPLS networks are covered in more detail. This article emphasizes MPLS point of presence design, routing design issues for MPLS, and provisioning of sufficient label space. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 116-122 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Optical access network are beginning to be deployed at the edge of the optical backbone network to support access by the high-end users that drive increased bandwidth demands. This development in the applications of optical networking poses new challenges in the areas of medium access, topology design, and network management. In particular, since optical access networks carry high volumes of critical traffic, the level of reliability and robustness traditionally reserved for core applications must be implemented in access networks. In this article we survey access network architectures and outline the issues associated with providing reliability for these architectures. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 110-115 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Diverging optical network requirements are driving innovations in optical components in multiple directions. The telecommunications network core needs new components to increase capacity while reducing cost: optics that enable faster line rates, more wavelengths per fiber, and longer spacing between repeaters. Metro network need components to handle complex traffic patterns. A desire for network reconfigurability in both long-haul and metro segments drives demand for switches, but also for other associated components to condition signals after switching. The next generation of optical transport equipment will rely on new types of optical components to perform functions that do not yet exist in the network. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | IEEE Communications Magazine |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 94-99 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article discusses the challenges associated with constructing and managing a telecommunications network capable of supporting the Olympic Winter Games. The importance of the sponsors` role is also outlined. |
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