| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | LLT Journal |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 195-219 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Why do people use metaphors? A poet may answer that they want to convey their ideas in a beautiful and vivid language. Cognition linguists such as Lakoff and Johnson (1980) answer that using metaphors is inevitable since our thought is basically governed by the logic of metaphor. Those answers seem convincing but not yet satisfying in that they are too individual and too general respectively. This research investigates the motivation in using metaphors based on the corpus of data gathered from one type of discourse: news reports in Newsweek. The data was analyzed based on the topic-vehicle domains that represent the hierarchy of semantic features (Levin, 1987). The results suggest that in using metaphors, people may also be motivated by semantic difficulty in expressing abstract entities. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | LLT Journal |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 251-265 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Verb positioning pattern in Modern English syntactic structure is extremely different from that in Old English and the other modern languages of the Indo-European family. This happens because Old English and the other Indo-European languages are synthetic languages. Being synthetic, word order does no play a significant role. It is due to the fact that the relation of words in a sentence is signaled be means of inflection. In Modern English, on the other hand, word order is relatively fixed since it is not a synthetic language any more. This revolutionary change of the nature of English becomes the main sources of changes of the verb positioning patterns in Modern English. This article provides a clear constrative descriptions of verb positioning patterns between Modern and Old English. It is hoped that this article helps the readers understand better the verb positioning patterns in English and the main reason why verb positioning patterns in Modern English are very much different from the Old English and some Indo-European languages. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | LLT Journal |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 237-249 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper discusses the use of the combination of the supply test and the essay test to evaluate students` achievement. The use of either objective test or subjective test only has invited criticisms owing to the weaknesses that each owns. Objective tests are considered to have provided inaccurate information about one`s abiliy: the subjective tests are less practical in terms of scoring. So, combining them will be the solution to minimize the weaknesses and to rainforce the strengths in order to obtain an accurate picture of one`s ability. The discussion about the objective test is limited to the supply test only. It is chosen out of other objective test types because it has more advantages. In this paper, the principles of the item writing which do not neglect the criteria of a good test, i.e. reliability and validity, are also presented. By following them, it is believed that the results of the tests will give useful information about the learners. However, it needs to be realized that not all subjects can be tested using this technique. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | LLT Journal |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 221-235 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Literature may become a depiction of the reality of life. In order to state whether a literary work depicts the reality of life, however, it is necessary to observe the social condition that grounds the particular work. This paper intends to show that Steinbeck`s The Grapes of Wrath depicts the reality of life experienced by the migrant people during the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl in the United States. It also attempts to reveal the myth of the west and the Jeffersonian spirit of the American people. As this paper tries to reveal the social condition of the migrant people during that era, it will employ the historical approach, namely, reference to what was happening in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Y. Veniranda, Triprihatmini, V, Yulia, Made Frida, Y. Radjaban, Yumarnamto, Mateus |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | LLT Journal |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 175-193 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper tries to answer the following problems: 1) Why are there many French loan words in English? 2) What are the general features of French loan words at different periods of time ? 3) How are French loan words pronounced? The results of the study show that a brief view of the history can help us understand why there are many French loan words in English. The first contact between French and English started with the Normon Conquest in 1066. During the period, the people did not directly become bilinguals. French was the language of the court. The transference of words occured when those who knew French and had been used to using it tried to express themselves in English. In general, French loan words from earlier centuries, i.e. the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries, have more features in common with English than those that came later. French loans that come into English in the seventeenth century, or after it, usually retain a hint of "Frenchness". In general, consonant-endings of French loans, such as p,t, and s are not pronounced. For example, coup/ ku:/, ballet /`baelei/, bourgeois.... When there is a vowel after the consonants, usually "e", then the consonants are pronounced. For example, crepe /kreip/, elite /er`li:t/, silhoutte /silu:`et/, vignette /vi:`njet/. There are some special characteristics of French loan words in spelling. Some French loan words still maintain the e, e, which are pronounced as /ei/ or .... There are limited sample French loans in this study. Further study with more data will be required to draw more conclusions about the pronunciation of French loan words. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | LLT Journal |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 119-132 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Literature texts are often used by English teachers in teaching reading. These types of texts are popular because they are usually able to draw students interest in reading. However, these types of text are artistic. They carry the beauty of the work. To understand the beauty of the texts, there needs to be an artistic transaction between the reader and the text. The artistic transaction is a process where the reader explores the literature text and performs the literary analysis. Therefore, the use of literature texts in reading in EFL classes requires that the teachers synthesize the principles of artistic transaction in reading literary texts and the principles of teaching reading comprehension. The design of teaching materials should include activities to encourage artistic transactions, develop reading comprehension, understanding of difficult utterances, and students` responses. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | LLT Journal |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 99-118 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | People live in their society with other people. The society has an important role in shaping and developing the people character. The experiences they encounter in their lives bring influences to them. This analysis deals with the psychological development of one of the main characters, Frollo, a priest who falls in love with Esmeralda, a gypsy dancer, in Hugo`s The Hunchback of Notre-Dame. It tries to observe how the character development can influence an individual to conduct a certain action especially a destructive action, i.e. killing another person. The result of the analysis reveals that Frollo bitter experiences lead him to try to kill Phoebus. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | LLT Journal |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 154-173 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper is an attempt to throw a hook on the possibility of enjoying Indonesian literature in English. The case in the Philippines is, however, the focus of the discussion. Philippine literature in English (as well as in Philippine languages) is vigorous. It is, in fact, in inchoate state: it has not yet progressed beyond the stage due to three causes, of which one is economic, the second linguistic and the third cultural. This study tries to "construct" a glimpse picture of literary history of Philippine literature in English particularly until 1960s by "picturing" some five prominent writers, i.e. five among the first generation of Filipino writers in English-Jose Garcia Villa, Salvador P.Lopez, Manuel Arguilla, N.V.M. Gonzales and Bienvenido Santos--and specific texts. This very preliminary study is also meant to highlight the aspects of the use of a foreign language and the context in which the authors lived and wrote their works. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | LLT Journal |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 133-153 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Until the 1960`s the major emphasis on language study was on the investigation of language as knowledge, that is "of what the speaker knows" rather than "language as behaviour" (Halliday, 1987: 10,11), that is, what the language user really does with the language. The former study is psychological in nature in that it focuses on language used within the person. The latter is sociological in that its main concern is how language is actually used in social practices. The SF linguistic theory embraces three different but intimately interlocking features: language as functional, as system and, as a socially-governed phenomenon. They are fundamentally interlocked. One cannot be detached from the others if the meaning and function of a language are to be correctly interpreted. Each of these features is discussed in some detail in this paper. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Herawati, Henny, Sutoyo, Herujiyanto, Antonius, Kristiyani, Christina, Prihatin, Pius Nurwidasa |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | LLT Journal |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 82-98 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The subject of gender differences in language and communication has long held people`s attention and curiosity. American English, that is said to be a language of democracy and egalitarian, seem to fail to elude the problem. This paper intends to reveal two gender issues in American English: (1) men-women speech differences, exploring mainly on speech patterns and speech styles, and (2). gender words, discussing some problematic "sexist" words as well as the "politically correct" words, and the linguistic-double standard of words like "bachelor-spinster". This brief study also attempts to probe how these gender issues reflect American culture as well as the status and role of women and men in American society. |
Unduh Dokumen Berkas PDF Utama