| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Respons : Jurnal Etika Sosial |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 5-9 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Respons : Jurnal Etika Sosial |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 15-18 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Ristyantoro, Andre Ata Ujan, Robert H. Imam |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Respons : Jurnal Etika Sosial |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 10-14 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Respons : Jurnal Etika Sosial |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 5-11 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Respons : Jurnal Etika Sosial |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 12-16 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Respons : Jurnal Etika Sosial |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 1-4 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Anton Wuisan, Andre Ata Ujan, Keraf, A. Sonny, Balthasar Kehi |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Respons : Jurnal Etika Sosial |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 17-19 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 341-371 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Soviet growth from 1960 to 1989 was the worst in the world after we control for investment and human capital; the relative performance worsens over time. There is some evidence that the burden of defense spending modestly contributed to the Soviet debacle. The declining Soviet growth rate from 1950 to 1987 can be accounted for by a declining marginal product of capital with a constant rate of growth of total factor productivity. The Soviet reliance on extensive growth (rising capital-to-output ratios) was no greater than that of market economies, such as Japan and the Republic of Korea, but a low elasticity of substitution between capital and labor implied especially acute diminishing returns to capital compared with the case in market economies. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 397-423 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Political influence on the central bank is measured here by looking at the probability that a central bank governor will be replaced shortly after a political change of government. The governor changes about half the time within six months of a nonconstitutional or other radical change of government-a military coup or a restoration of democracy. The governor is much less likely to change within six months following a routine change in the head of government-about one-fourth of the time in developing countries and one-tenth in industrial countries. These indicators vary across countries and correlate statistically with inflation and its variability and with real growth and real interest rates. Differences in the vulnerability of the central bank to political instability, in political instability itself, and in central bank turnover in nonpolitical periods seem to be a major part of the explanation for why developing countries have, on average, higher and more variable inflation than industrial countries do. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 425-450 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Russian private enterpreneurs in services are truly pioneering, because many services-especially trade, financial services, and most business and consumer services-are poorly developed. This article uses 1992 and 1993 survey data from St. Petersburg to assess the characteristics of these enterpreneurs, their firms, and the markets in which they deal. Evaluation of the firms` performance establishes how well they are doing and provides insight into the determinants of success. Their performance was surprisingly good and can be attributed to several factors, including the existence of a substantial gap between the desired and the actual levels and the actual levels of education and motivation of the enterpreneurs themselves. Policy priorities are to achieve macroeconomic stability, a transparent legal framework and simplified regulations, a well-designed tax code, further privatization of real estate, and better access to finance. Direct assistance programs would be useful in providing information, counseling, and fiancial to small and medium-size firms. |
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