| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 85-104 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article is concerned with the interaction of regulated efficiency and World Trade Organization ( WTO ) accession and its impact on Chinas motor vehicle sector. The analysis is conducted using a 23 sector-25 region computable general equilibrium model. Regulatory reform and internal restructuring are found to be critical. Restruction that moves costs toward global norms. Without restructuring, WTO accession means a surge of final imports, though imports of part could well fall as production maves offshore. However, with restructuring, the final assembly industry can be made compentitive by world standards, with a stengthened position for the industry. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 3-27 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article presents estimates of the impact of Chinas accession to the World Trade Organization. China is estimated to be the biggest beneficiery ( US$ 31 billion a year from trade refroms in preparation for accession and additional gains of $ 10 billion a year from reforms after accession ), followed by its major trading partnerts that also undertake liberalization, including the economies in North America, Western Europe, and Taiwan ( China ). Accession will boost manufacturing sectors in China, especially textile and apparel, which will benefit directly from the removal of export quotas. Developing economies competing with China in third markets may suffer small losses. Accession will have important distributional consequences for China, with the wages of skilled and unskilled nonfarm workers rising in real terms and relative to those of farm workers. Possible policy change, including reductions in barriers to labor mobility and improvements in rural education, could more that offset these negative impacts and facilitate the development of Chinas economy. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 1-3 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Patrick A. Messerlin, Martin, Will , Li Shantong, Deepak Bhattasali, Martin, Will , Elena Ianchovichina, Joseph F. Francois, Dean Spinanger, Min Chang, Jikun Huang, Rozelle, Scott, Martin Ravallion, Shaohua Chen |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 105-130 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | China finds itself in a unique situation on antidumping and safeguard issues. It is by far the main target of antidumping measures, but ( so far ) one of the smallest users of such measures. Chinas World Trade Organization ( WTO ) accession protocol includes stringent antidumping and safeguard provision that its trading partners may use against its exports. The article exammines three related concers : how quickly large developing economies can become intensive users of antidumping measure, an evolution raising concerns about Chinas recent antidumping enforcement ; how improving trade outcomes and for Chinas taking a leading role in reforming WTO antidumping ; and the opportunities that the Doha Round of Trade negotiations offer to China for negotiating stricter discripline both on WTO contingen protection and on the use by Chinas trading partners of the special provision included in China s accession protocol. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 391-407 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Analysis of two water subsidy schemes-a means-tested subsidy in Chile and geographically targeted subsidy in Colombia--shows that the means-tested system is better able to identify poor households than the geographically targeted scheme. However, the overall distributive impact of both schemes is quite similar, at least for the three lowest income deciles, because the amount of benefits per household in the geographically targeted Colombian scheme are diferentiated by the socioeconomic classification of household. Despite the relative merits of the Chilean means-tested scheme, targeting errors are still quite large. More than 60 percent of subsidies accrue to households that are above the third decile of the income distribution. If the policy objective in Chile is to benefit a significant proportion of households in the lowest incomes deciles, then either the targeting mechanism must be improved or the number of subsidies has to increase to take into account these targeting imperfections. In Colombia almost all households receive some kind of benefit, implying an unnecessarily high fiscal cost. An improvement in the targeting mechanism could lower this cost without jeopardizing benefits to lower-income households. Some suggestions for additional research and for improving both schemes are discussed. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 367-389 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article analyzes the relationship between trade facilitation and trade flows in the Asia-Pacific region. Country-specific data for port efficiency, customs environment, regulatory environment, and e-business usage are used to construct indicators for measuring trade facilitation. The relationship between these indicators and trade flows is estimated using a gravity model that includes tariffs and other standard variables. Enhanced port efficiency has a large and positive efect on trade flows. Regulatory barriers deter trade. Improvements in customs and greater e-business use significantly expand trade but to a lesser degree than improvements in ports of regulations. The benefits of specific trade facilitation efforts are estimated by quantifying differential improvements in these four areas among members of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). A scenario in which APEC members with below-average indicators improve capacity halfway to the average for all members shows that intra-APEC trade could increase by $254 billion, or 21 percent of intra-APEC trade flows. About half the increase is derived from improved port efficiency. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 349-366 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Empirical work in labor economics has focused on rent sharing as an explanation for the observe correlation between wages and profitability. The alternative explanation of risk sharing between workers and employers has not been tested. Using a unique panel data set for four African countries, we find strong evidence of risk sharing. Workers in efect offer insurance to employers: when firms are hit by temporary shocks, the effect on profits is cushioned by risk sharing with workers. Rent sharing is a symptom of an inefficient labor market. Risk sharing, by contrast, can be seen as an efficient response to missing markets. Our evidence suggests that risk sharing accounts for a substantial part of the observed effect of shocks on wages. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 409-435 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | We assess the dynamics behind the high net resource transfers by donors and creditors to Sub-Saharan African countries. Analyzing the determinants of overall net transfers for a panel of 37 recipient countries in 1978-98, we find that country policies mattered little. Donors-especially bilateral donors-actually made greater transfers to countries with high debt, largely owed to multilateral creditors, when policies were ``bad.`` We conclude that comprehensive debt relief has the potential, though not the certainty, to restore selectivity in support of good policies. That would make development assisstance more effective going forward-and increase public support in donor countries. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Demery, Lionel , Luc Christiaensen, Stefano Paternostro, Ishac Diwan, Stjin Claessens, Birdsall, Nancy, Arne Bigsten et al, Catherine L. Mann, John S. Wilson, Tsunehiro Otsuki, Andres Gomez-Lobo, Dante Contreras |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 317-347 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article reviews trends in poverty, economic policies, and growth in a sample of African countries during the 1990s, drawing on the better household data now available. Experiences have varied. Some countries have seen sharp drops in income poverty, whereas others have witnessed marked increases. In some countries overall economic growth has been pro-poor and in others not. But the aggreagate numbers hide systematic distributional effects. Taking both macro and micro perspectives of growth and poverty in Africa, the article drws four key conclusions. First, economic policy reforms (improving macroeconomic balances and liberalizing markets) appear conducive to reducing poverty. Second, market connectedness is crucial to enable participation in the gains from economic growth. Some regions and households by virtue of their remoteness were left behind when growth picked up. Third, education and access to land emerge as key private endowments to help households benefit from new economic opportunities. Finally, rainfall variations and ill health have profound effects on poverty outcomes, underscoring the significance of social risk management in poverty reduction strategies in Africa. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The World Bank Economic Review |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 311 - 316 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Deskripsi abstrak ringkas tidak tersedia untuk artikel ini. |
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