| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Auditing: A Journal Of Practice and Theory |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 195-204 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This study utilizes citation analysis to explore the impact and standing of Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory (AJPT) both within the accounting/ auditing discipline and in the context of related fields. More specifically, the citations to AJPT from other journals included in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), plus citations appearing in additional, high-quality accounting/ auditing journals (not included in the SSCI) are combined with self-citations to yield a database of 3,102 citations for the period 1985 through 2000. This database is analyzed to observe trends and to identify journal citing AJPT most frequently. Additionally, articles and authors cited most widely are enumerated. AJPT`s growing influence and stature are documented, and the results support the conclusion that the Auditing Section`s journal has continued to adhere to its essential objective of promoting communication between auditing research and practice. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Lindberg, Deborah L. , Mario M. Maletta, Jack L. Krogstad, Gerald Smith, Krishnan, Gopal V., Susan A. McCracken, Elizabeth Dreike Almer, Cohen, Jeffrey R., Louise E. Single, J. Scott Whisenant, Sankaraguruswamy, Srinivasan, Steven E. Kaplan, Susan Ayers, Thibodeau, Jay C., Ho Young Lee, Vivek Mande, Kimberly Moreno, Sudip Bhattacharjee, J. Gregory Jenkins, Christine M. Haynes |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Auditing: A Journal Of Practice and Theory |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 127-141 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This study is the first in an auditing context to examine auditor susceptibility to memory conjunction errors, a type of systematic memory error that is related to the memory reconstruction process. Conjunction errors occur when memory traces associated with one event are incorrectly attributed to another event during memory reconstruction. Auditors may be particularly susceptible to memory conjunction errors due to their simultaneous exposure to multiple audit clients and their use of standardized audit forms and checklists to capture information. Unrecognized, such errors could adversely affect the efficiency and/ or effectiveness of the financial statement audit process. We conducted an experiment that employed practicing audit professionals addressing multiple audit clients. Consistent with our hypotheses, the results indicate that memory conjunction errors in an audit environment are a complex function of (1) the consistency between the audit evidence recalled from an unrelated audit and the characteristics of the client that is the target of the memory reconstruction, (2) the consistency between this recalled audit evidence and the characteristics of the client to which the evidence is actually associated, and (3) the level of risk present in the audit environment that is the target of the memory reconstruction. While research has shown that audit risk factors can generally serve to decrease some types of auditors` memory recognition errors in single client situations (e.g., Sprinkle and Tubbs 1998), our results show that increases in audit risk can actually exacerbate memory errors involving multiple audit clients and memory conjunction errors. Finally, the findings of the study suggest that auditors are not only susceptible to memory conjunction errors, but also that such errors may play a significant role in elements of the audit-planning process related to auditors` likelihood of material error assessments. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Auditing: A Journal Of Practice and Theory |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 81-95 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This study delineates conditions under which performance is adversely affected by task complexity and reports-related empirical evidence. Specifically, it examines the moderating roles of both accountability and knowledge on the relation between task complexity and auditors performance. Based on a reanalysis of the data from Tan and Kao (1999), the results indicate that accountability and knowledge jointly moderate the relation between task complexity and performance. Results show that performance declines with increasing complexity only under combinations of low knowledge and high accountability, or low accountability and high knowledge. Performance is unaffected by increasing task complexity when auditors have high knowledge and high accountability, or have low knowledge and low accountability. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the conditions under which performance may (or may not) be adversely affected by task coplexity. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Auditing: A Journal Of Practice and Theory |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 39-56 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | In auditing, risk mangement involves identifying client facts or issues that may affect engagement risk, and planning evidence-gathering strategies accordingly. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether auditors` identification of risk factors and planning of audit tests is affected by decision aid orientation, i.e., a "negative" focus wherein client risk and its consequences are emphasized, or a "positive" focus where such factors are not emphasized.Specifically, we expect that auditors will identify more risk factors using a negatively oriented risk identification decision aid, but only when engagement risk is relatively high. We address this issue in the context of auditors` knowledge of actual clients, manipulating decision aid orientation as negative or positive in a matched-pair design. Results show that auditors using the negative decision aid orientation as negative or positive in matched-pair design. Results show that auditors using the negative decision aid orientation identify more risk factors than do those using a positive orientation, for their higher-risk clients. We also find that decisions to apply substantive tests are more directly linked to specific risk factors identified than to direct risk assessments. Further, our results show that auditors with repeat engagement experience with the client identify more risk factors. The findings of this study imply that audit firms may improve their risk management strategies through simple changes in the design of decision aids used to support audit planning. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Auditing: A Journal Of Practice and Theory |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 57-80 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | It has been claimed that the accounting profession faces a serious litigation crisis, largely attributable to frivolous class-action lawsuits that allege securities fraud. In response to recent calls for research on accounting litigation, this paper develops and analyses a game-theoretic model of securities class-action litigation and settlement under present institutional arrangements in the United States. Two research questions are examined. First, what factors explain the outcomes of securities lawsuits against independent auditors in the U.S.? Second, what (if any) strategies exist that accounting firms might employ to deter unwarranted securities litigation, coerced settlements, and other objectionable outcomes? our results indicate that (1) settlements are the predominant outcome of the securities litigation game because both sides generally receive higher expected payoffs from settlements than from trials; (2) the prevalence of protracted pre-trial litigation in securities lawsuits is primarily attributable to the method employed to compensate plaintiffs` attorneys; (3) the prevalence of settlement amounts that are generally a small proportion of claimed damages could reesult from strategic decisions by plaintiffs` attorneys, and hence does not necessarily indicate that securities lawsuits often have low merit as claimed by Arthur Andersen et al. (1992); and (4) effective strategies to deter securities litigation may be available to accounting firms, but effective implementation of these strategies may entail substantial short-run costs. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Auditing: A Journal Of Practice and Theory |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 97-113 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper describes the deveopment and implementation of KRisk, an innovative technology-enabled auditor decision aid for making client acceptance and continuance risk assessments. KRisk, developed and designed by KPMG LLP, is part of the firm`s audit quality control and risk management processes. In this paper, we discuss the environmental and technological forces thatnaffect auditor business risk management. We also describe important aspects of the development, functionality, and implementation of KRisk. We discuss possible impediments to realizing the full potential of decision aids that have been reported in prior auditing research, and describe how KRisk and related audit quality control procedures implemented at KPMG were designed to over come such impediments. Also, we present some ideas for scholarly research dealing with auditor business risk management issues, and issues related to the design and use of decision aids in general. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Auditing: A Journal Of Practice and Theory |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 7-20 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The outcome effect occurs where an evaluator, who has knowledge of the outcome of a judge`s decision, assesses the quality of the judgment of that decision maker. If the evaluator has knowledge of a negative outcome, then that knowledge negatively influences his or her assessment of the ex ante judgment. for instance, jurors in a lawsuit brought against an auditor for alleged negligence are informed of an undetected fraud, even though an unqualified opinion was issued. This paper reports the results of an experiment in an applied audit judgment setting that examined methods of mitigating the outcome effect by means of instructions. The results showed that simply instructing or warning the evaluator about the potential biasing effects of outcome information was only weakly effective. However, instructions that stressed either (1) the cognitive non normativeness of the outcome effect or (2) the seriousness and gravity of the evaluation ameliorated the effect significantly. From a theoretical perspective, the results suggest that there may both motivational and cognitive components to the outcome effect. In all, the findings suggest awareness of the outcome effect and use of relatively nonintrusive instructions to evaluators may effectively counteract the potential for the outcome bias. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Venkataraman M. Iyer, E. Michael Bamber, Peter M. Clarkson, Craig Emby, Vanessa W-S Watt, Timothy B. Bell et al, Cushing, Barry E., Lynford E. Graham, Hun-Tong Tan, Terence Bu-Peow Ng, Bobby Wai-Yeong Mak |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Auditing: A Journal Of Practice and Theory |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 22-38 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | In response to a variety of challenges, accounting firms are reorganizing and reengineering their core audit services to capitalize on technology advances and to deliver more value-added services to their clients. Critics, however, have voiced concern that the changes underway undermine auditors` professionalism. Accordingly, this study examines auditors sense of professional identity. Specifically, we provide (1) a comprehensive model of the relation between auditors` professional and organizational indentities, including their potential conflict; and (2) the antecedents and consequences of auditors` professional and organizational identification, icluding how organizational-professional conflict relates to turnover. We find relatively high levels of professionalidentification and organizational identification, and a relatively low level of organizational-professional conflict among our study`s 252 big 5 auditors. Professional identification is positively related to organizational identification, but it is organizational identification and its antecedents that play the central role in the empirical model. Organizational identification decreases both organizational-professional conflict and turnover. The results have implications for both practitioners and researchers. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Auditing: A Journal Of Practice and Theory |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 139-146 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Every aspect of the accounting profession is being pervasively affected by advances in information technology (IT). IT shifts power from producers (such as accountants and auditors) to consumers (such as investors, creditors, and other information users). Present and potential users of accounting and auditing services have increasing needs for relevant, reliable, and timely information, and IT provides the means to meet them. But responding to these needs will require changes in virtually every aspect of auditing---where it is applied and how it is produced and distributed, for example, as well as the profession`s relations with assurance users.This article explores some of the principal changes in the audit paradigm that will be necessary in order to meet assuance-user needs in the future. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Auditing: A Journal Of Practice and Theory |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 28-46 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This study examines auditors` exhibit letters that are filed as part of reporting requirements for auditor changes. The two other reporting requirements (an initial 8-K filing by the client and the AICPA notification letter sent by the auditor) have been the subject of prior work (Schwartz and Soo 1996a; Ettredge et al. 2001). The auditor`s exhibit letter, in which the auditor is required to comment on client disclosures in the initial 8-K, is intended to ensure accurate reporting by the client particularly of potentially troublesome conditions such as reportable events, disagreements, and resignations. I investigate the content, timeliness, and informativeness of the auditors` letters. The results indicate a low incidence of inconsistencies between the initial 8-K and the auditor`s letter are associated with reportible events and accounting disagreements. Delays in filings are associated with client size, auditor resignations, and with the presence of inconsistencies between the initial 8-K and the auditor`s letter. Market tests indicate that the market response to the initial 8-K is negative for nonconcurrent filings (filings that do not contain the auditor`s letter), but not for concurrent filings (filings that include the letter), suggesting that investors take an adverse view of the absence of the auditor`s letter. Late letter filers and filers whose letters point out ommisions or inadequancies in the disclosures made in the initial 8-K experience a significant negative reaction from the date of the initial 8-K filing to the date of the filing of the auditor`s letter. This is consistent with the possible presence of information leakage prior to the actual filing of the auditor`s letter, for example through analyst reports. However, despite this information leakage, late letter filings experience a significant negative reaction at the time of the letter filing. Filings involving inconsistencies between the auditor`s letter and the initial 8-K also experience a negative, albeit weaker, reaction on the date of the letter filing. Thus, investors react negatively to the absence of the letter at the time of the initial 8-K filing, and negatively in the period following the initial 8-K filing to late letter filers and filers with inconsistencies. Overall, the results provide support thet the auditor`s exhibit letter has information content. |
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