| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 56-69 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi indikator-indikator yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja pembangunan manusia pertanian. Untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan proses pembangunan yang berorientasi pada manusia. UNDP telah mengembangkan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia/IPM (Human Development Index/HDI). Selain IPM, sejak tahun 1995 UNDP telah mengembangkan pula alat ukur lain yang ditujukan pula untuk menilai keberhasilan pembangunan di suatu negara. Alat ukur tersebut adalah Indeks Kemiskinan Manusia /IKM (Human Poverty Index/HPI) dan Indeks Pembangunan Jender/IPJ (Gender Development Index/GDI). Memperhatikan permasalahan dan program pembangunan yang dikemukakan oleh berbagai ahli, maka ada delapan aspek yang menjadi perhatian pokok dalam pembangunan manusia. Kedelapan aspek tersebut adalah: pendidikan, kesehatan, kesejahteraan ekonomi, produktivitas tenaga kerja, pengangguran, aspek moral, kesejahteraan jender, dan kemiskinan. Ternyata kedelapan aspek tersebut umumnya juga merupakan issue dan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh sumberdaya manusia pertanian. Dikaitkan dengan hal tersebut dan ketersediaan data maka pembangunan manusia pertanian diukur dengan menggunakan indeks komposit yang tersusun dari indikator: pendidikan, produktivitas tenaga kerja dan kesejahteraan ekonomi. Selain itu pengukuran kesetaraan jender juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan indikator yang sama dengan indikator pembangunan manusia pertanian. Pendidikan dijadikan sebagai indikator pokok dalam pembangunan manusia pertanian, karena masalah pendidikan sudah menjadi salah satu target pembangunan yang telah dicanangkan PBB. Selain itu perbaikan mutu pendidikan dikalangan masyarakat memiliki multiplier effect yang besar. Mengingat berbagai keterbatasan yang dihadapi (khususnya ketersediaan data), maka IPM pertanian (yang menetapkan derivasi dari IPM) disusun dengan menggunakan indikator pendidikan, produktivitas tenaga kerja dan pendapatan. Perhitungan komponen indikator pendidikan yang digunakan dalam studi ini serupa dengan prosedur yang telah dilakukan UNDP dan BPS. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 41-55 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article develops arguments proposing people centered development as a way for Indonesia to emerge from the crisis into more prosperous country. The discussion centered around the theoretical perspective and historical-structural of the people centered development. The article then discusses the people centered economy within the multi-parties systems. The paper concludes that resource based industrialization, a major strategy of Indonesia to emerge from the crisis. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 14-24 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The main purpose of this article was to investigate impact of fuel subsidy reduction to sectors/industries and regional in the short run and the long run. Sector/industries effect in this case will be looked at from value added, domestic price, energy price and employment. In this case regional, effect will be looked from aggregate output and employment. This study used INDORANI Applied General Equilibrium Model. Economics Study Inter University Center (Pusat Antar Universitas Studi Ekonomi) Gadjah Mada University with collaboration from IMPACT Project, Monash University, Australia, has been developed INDORANI Applied General Equilibrium Model since early 1997 for Indonesian economy. Data and model of INDORANI has been revised several times. The new version is INDORANI 9571, which is developed from input-output 1995 (I-O 1995). Statistic CenterBoard (Bahan Pusat Statistik) produces I-O 1995. In this new version, government sector has been broken-down based on activity type of development sectors. Environment side has been added in the model. With that expansion INDORANI model has extended scope to be used as policy analysis tools. This study used INDORANI 9515 version, which is simplified from INDORANI 9571. INDORANI 9515 aggregates 71 sectors to 15 sectors. From analysis of simulation result, it could be concluded that fuel subsidy reduction (40%) makes negative impact to sectors/industries and regional in main indicators. From sector side, fuel subsidy reduction causes value added and employment decreasing, increasing of domestic price in almost all-economic sectors. The greater impact can be looked in fuel refinery sector and followed by transportation, medium and big manufacture. In nearest all provinces in Indonesia there were output reduction and employment decreasing because of fuel subsidy reduction. Riau, Southern Sumatera, Eastern Kalimantan gets the greatest impact. The smallest impact reach by DKI Jakarta. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 115-132 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Dalam era Knowledge Management, daya saing global yang mampu mengantarkan organisasi sukses memasuki the era of free and fair trade adalah fleksibilitas (flexibility) dan kegesitan (agility). Organisasi yang gesit, (an agile organization) adalah organisasi yang mampu secara simultan meningkatkan daya saing efisiensi dan keefektifannya (efficiency and effectiveness based competition). Dengan dukungan daya saing efisiensi dan keefektifan yang konsisten, organisasi akan mampu untuk membangun "relationship marketing". Salah satu cara yang bisa dilaksanakan untuk menjadikan organisasi gesit adalah dengan memanfaatkan konsep Concurrent Engineering (CE). Ada empat dimensi CE, yaitu: learning organization berbasis semangat TEAM (Together Everyone Achieves More), jaringan komunikasi yang didukung high-tech and high-touch positioning, link and match antara voice of the customer dan voice of the company, pengembangan produk dengan pendekatan interfunctional work effort. Artikel ini mengupas konsep Concurrent Engineering, baik dari segi manfaat, ataupun keterkaitannya dengan berbagai konsep dan teori manajemen moderen lainnya seperti Total Quality Management (TQM), Quality Function Deployment(QFD), House of Quality (HOQ), Taguchi Method, Design for Manufacture/Assembly, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. Disamping itu, diuraikan contoh aplikasi Concurrent Engineering serta kemungkinan penerapan CE di negara berkembang. Yang jelas, CE merupakan salah satu metode terkini untuk pengembangan produk baru dengan menggunakan Program, System and Total Approach. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 70-82 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This study examines the relationship between financial statemen disclosure comprehensiveness firm capital structure and type of stock ownership. This study uses modified Wallace index as the instrument to measure the comprehensiveness of financial disclosure, and the debt to equity ratio (DER) and the precentage of stock owned by independent (public) investor are the proxies for capital structure and ownership. The samples of this study are 32 firms listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) in 1996. This study finds that firms` financial leverage is positively and significantly associated with corporate financial disclosure comprehensiveness. This result shows that firms disclose more comprehensively on the increase of firms` financial leverage. Further, the type of ownership seems weakly associated with firms` disclosure comprehensiveness. A rationale of this result is the inequality of public investor bargaining power in facing management, so that the public pressure for information becomes powerless. Small sample is one limitation of this study. Wallace index may reduce the accuracy of the result due to no weighting factor, and it seems to be too comprehensive for the research examining only several aspects of firm characteristics. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 1-13 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Pembangunan nasional merupakan rangkaian upaya pembangunan yang terencana dan berkesinambungan dimana tersusun dalam Repelita, bertitik tolak dari hal tersebut industri perbankan memegang peranan sangat penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi tidak hanya di Indonesia, di banyak negara industri, perbankan sangat dibutuhkan dalam pembangunan ekonomi, terutama sekali dalam membiayai aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan uang. Berkaitan dengan aktivitas perbankan tersebut dimana tidak terlepas dari berbagai macam resiko yang dihadapi maka dunia perbankan perlu bertindak rasional dalam artian memperhatikan masalah efisiensi. Masalah efisiensi dirasakan sangat penting pada saat ini dan dimasa mendatang, karena antara lain disebabkan (1) permasalahan yang timbul sebagai akibat berkurangnya sumber daya, (2) kompetisi yang bertambah ketat dan (3) meningkatnya standar kepuasan konsumen. Oleh karena itu analisis efisiensi mendesak dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menentukan penyebab perubahan tingkat efisiensi serta selanjutnya mengambil tindakan korektif supaya terlaksana peningkatan efisiensi. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Indriantoro, Nur, Darmawan, Iswardono Sardjono Permono, Ainun Na'im, Ainun Na`im, Fuad Rakhman, Ciptono, Wakhid Slamet, Priyo Pujiwasono, Handoko, Budiono Sri, Sri Susilo, Y. , Damanhuri, Didin S., Azril Azahari, Rusmin, Faried Wijaya Mansoer, Siddharta Utama |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 97-114 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This study examines relationships between participative budgeting and both job performance and job satisfaction. Of interest were the effect of locus of control and cultural dimensions as possible moderating variables. Prior research found that U.S. managers who had an internal locus of control tended to perform better and to be more satisfied when their companies used participative budgeting systems. On the other hand, U.S. managers with an external locus of control tended to perform better and to be more satisfied when non-participative budheting systems were being used. In a later study, however, locus of control did not moderate the effect of participative budgeting on job satisfaction of Mexican managers. This study extended prior research by assessing cultural dimensions as additional moderating variables. Indonesian managers in the Jakarta area were used as subjects; all instruments used in the data collection process had been back-translated to improve their effectiveness. Initial findings revealed that participative budgeting had significant positive effects on both job performance and job satisfaction. However, interactions between participative budgeting and locus of control had no significant effects on either job performance or job satisfaction. Analyses of interactions between cultural dimensions and participative budgeting offered two interesting findings. First, no significant interactive effect between selected cultural dimension variables (i,e. power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism/colectivism) and participative budgeting were found to have affected job performance. Second, however, interaction between power distance and participative budgeting did affect job satisfaction. This latter finding suggests that further studies of cultural dimensions as moderating variables might indeed prove revealing. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 4-24 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The birth of a region originates in the optimal location decision of individual firms. Factors that affect the optimal location of individual firms are transfer orientation (resources and market), and local input-orientation [energy, labor, inter mediate inputs (localization economies & urbanization economies), amenities/quality of life, local public services, taxes, government incentives, local business climate, site costs and national political climate & stability]. Once the optimal location each individual firm has been determined, the next development is to what extent it can underprice and sell its product. The extent of the market constitutes a market area. When each of all other firms producing the same products, has possesed its own market area, those firms have formed the location pattern dominated by dispersion. In this way, market areas have been establihed. When all other firms producing different products/services can also underprice and sell their products in each of their market areas, each market area becomes a region or a city, depending which one has more population density. Each market area grows even more into a region or a city when all other firms producing different products (substitutes and/or complementary), chooses to locate in each market area. This makes up the second location pattern dominated by cohesion (agglomeration). From the viewpoint of the location thory, a region has firms enganged in all kinds of relationships of economic activities: vertical, horizontal, and complementary, and all kinds of linkages: forward and backward. Based on this, a region develops. During its process of development, a region may succeed or fail. When it fails, it can be corrected by both local and central governments by adopting appropriate regional policies oriented first to the micro foundation and then to the macro foundation of the development process of the region. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 62-81 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | It is commonly known, in Indonesia, that a high growth rate of log production induces a high rate of deforestation. Hence, to reduce the rate of deforestation, it is necessary for Indonesia to decrease its log production. Implementing policies only in the logging sector might not be enough to be able to reduce the log production. It is suspected that many other sectors in the economy give high pressures to the logging sector to produce more. This study, implementing a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), analyze the Indonesian economic structure to determine which sectors do actually give high pressures to the logging sector to produce more. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 93-110 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | It is widely believed that stock splits are purely cosmetic, since the corporation`s cash flows are unaffected, each shareholder retains his proportionate ownership and the claims of other classes of security holders are unaltered. Although stock splits appear to be purely cosmetic changes, research shows real effects associated with them. Despite extensive study, controversies still abound in the literature about these effects. These controversies include whether stock splits affect shareholder wealth, change a stock risk, improve liquidity, and provide signals to the market. The objective of this research is to verify empirically that stock splits relate those real effects especially stock liquidity as measured by bid-ask spread. This research examines thirty companies which did stock splits in Jakarta Stock Exchange during July 1995 to June 1997. A paired-difference test is used to test some hypothesis about the difference between two population means for stock prince, variance, trading volume, turnover volume, and bid-ask spread variables. Furthermore, the multiple regression analysis is used to examine the relation of stock price, trading volume, stock volatility to bid-ask spread. Overall, the results of this research indicate that there are significant differences among stock price, turnover volume, and bid-ask spread for before and after the listing date. Besides that, the difference of bid-ask spread is affected by stock price, volatility, and trading volume. |
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