| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Researcher |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 42-44 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Ray C. Rist, Wineburg, Robert Rosenthal, Resnick, Lauren B., Samuel S. Wineburg, LeVine, Robert A. |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Researcher |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 41-42 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Researcher |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 4-9 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The statistical testing approaches of Hypothesis Testing (Fisher) and significance Testing (Neyman-Pearson) are briefly reviewed. Highly related notions of alpha-values, P-values, and magnitude-of-effect are discussed. A statistical testing approach that is a hybrid of Hypothesis Testing and significance Testing is then advanced. This approach takes into consideration the two decision-error probalities as well as an alternative hypothesis characterization of interest. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Researcher |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 16-20 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | When critical features of instructional stimuli match those of assessment, effect sizes routinely reach 1.2 to 3 sigma. An instructional psychologist racasts this classic problem of stimulus control as instructional alignment. This paper describes results of alignment studies that have dramatic implications for researchers and practitioners. One implication embraces the obvious validity of teaching to the test, but poses what is worth testing as instructional design`s most awesome challenge. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | William A. Reid, S. Alan Cohen, Carl J. Huberty |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Researcher |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 10-15 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Proposals for the reform of professional education are frequently supported by reference of the unique and compelling nature of contemporary society; yet the specific reforms that are urged are often those put forward 50 years ago. Based on recent reports in the fields of medical, dental, nursing, and teacher education, this paper explains the inertial quality of reform language as an effect of an inevitable tension between professional practice and institutions that support it. I suggest that, in spite of its apparent lack of rationality, such language can be seen as functional in mediating this tension. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Researcher |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 16-21 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The current debate about quantitative and qualitative methods focuses on whether there is a necessary connection between method-type and research paradigm that makes the different approaches incompatible. This paper argues that part of the connection is rhetorical. Quantitative methods express the assumptions of a positivist paradigm which holds that behavior can be explained through objective facts. Design and eliminated. Qualitative methods express the assumtions of a phenomenological paradigm that there are multiple realities that are socially defined. Rich description persuades by showing that the researcher was immersed in the setting and giving the reader enough detail to ``make sense`` of the situation. While rhetorically different, the results of the two methodologies can be complementary. Examples are drawn from two studies using different methodologies to study the same problem. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Walberg, Herbert J., William J. Fowler, Jr, William A. Firestone |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Researcher |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 5-13 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | In one of the largest studies yet carried out on the subject, the average scores on statedeveloped and nationally standardized tests of third-, sixth-, and ninth-graders in New Jersey districts were regressed on indexes of district socioeconomic status (SES), per student expenditures on education, and the size of enrollment in the districts. The numbers of districts entering the analyses, depending on grade level and test, varied from 261 to 507. SES accounted for much of the accountable variance; higher SES districts, of course, achieved more than lower SES districts. When SES was taken into account, higher expenditures were inconsistently and generally insignificantly (probability less than 0.05) associated with lower test scores; and students in smaller districts generally achieved more than those in larger districts. The ineficiency of expenditures and diseconomies of scale in raising achievement are contrary to popular and considerable opinion but corroborate previous research. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Researcher |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 22-31 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The TECAT, the Texas Examination of Current Administrators and Teachers, is a test of basic literacy that was given to Texas teachers in March, 1986. The test, seen as politically essential to leverage a tax increase and pay raise for teachers, was intended to raise the public esteem of teachers by weeding out incompetents. Teachers expended massive effort in receiwing basic skills and drilling on the test format. After two tries, 99% of the 210,000 who took the test has passed. Shop teachers, special education teacher, and coaches were overrepresented among the failures. The costs of district-sponsored workshops and the inservice day to take the test brought its public cost to a sum 10 times greater than policy makers had anticipated. Though most teachers agreed that literacy skills are prerequisite to good teaching, paradoxically, most also reported that being threatennned by a low-level test of fundamental skills was demoralizing. Ironically, many think that the TECAT damaged public esteem for teachers because stories about incompetence in teaching in teaching and portrayals of teachers`trepidation appeared alongside examples from a very easy test. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Researcher |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 19-21 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Researcher |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 32-38 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Families at all economic levels are becoming increasingly illequipped to provide the setting that schools are designed to complement and augment in preparing the next generation. this paper describes the sources of this deficiency and indicates just what elements have come to be missing from home and community. These are conceptualized generally as social capital which is now is short supply for children and youth. a general approach to increasing the social capital available to the next generation is indicated. |
Unduh Dokumen Berkas PDF Utama