| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Journal of Economic Education |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 156-170 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The authors present a classroom public goods experiment on the basis of a provision-point mechanism (PPM), where subjects must make an all or nothing decision about providing the public good. As a teaching tool, this design is superior to traditional prisoner's dilemma games because it creates multiple equilibrium in which individual financial incentive to contribute less may result in a coordination failure. Because the PPM does not incorporate a dominant strategy to free ride, students must individually choose a level of cooperation without the benefits of communication. Students discover problems of achieving an optimal social outcome because failure to coordinate on an efficient equilibrium can eliminate benefits to the group. This experiment is an excellent vehicle for introducing game theoretic problems of public good provision and for engendering meaningful discussion of real-world applications. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Wayne A. grove, Tim Wasserman, Andrew Grodner, Melanie Marks, David Lehr, Ray Brastow, Cathleen Whiting, Zenon X. Zigmont, Daniel R. Marburger, Michael Nieswiadomy, Stephanie M. Brewer, James J. Jozefowicz, Lori Alden, David K. Round, Ron P. McIver, John Considine, Amy W. Ando, Donna Ramirez Harrington |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Journal of Economic Education |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 131-147 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Although academic ability is the most important explanatory variable in studies of student learning, researchers control for it with a wide array and combination of proxies. The authors investigated how the proxy choice affects estimates of undergraduate student learning by testing over 150 specifications of a single model, each including a different combination of 11 scholastic aptitude measures-high school grade point average (GPA) and rank and variants of college GPA and Scolastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores. Proxy choices alone cause the magnitude of the estimate learning gains to vary by large and meaningful amounts, with increases ranging from a C+ to less than a B-or to a B. The author found that collegiate GPA data offer the best proxy for students individual propensities to learn economics-a result that runs counter to researchers actual proxy choices. The results suggest that scholars should control for academic aptitude with college grades and either SAT scopres or high school GPA or rank. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Journal of Economic Education |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 48-57 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Multiple-choice questions are the basis of a significant portion of assessment in introductory economics courses. However, these questions, as found in course assessments, test banks, and textbooks, often fail to evaluate students abilities to use and apply economic analysis. The authors conclude that multiple-choice questions can be used to measure some but not all elements of indepth understanding of economics. The authors interpret in-depth understanding as ability to reason through logical steps when those steps and the relevant economic concepts are not explicitly stated. The present examples of multiple-choice questions that do and do not measure in-depth understanding. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Journal of Economic Education |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 83-92 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The author derives the probability that price discrimination imrpoves social welfare, using a simple model of third-degree price discrimination assumpting two independent linear demands. The probability that price discrimination raises social welfare increases as the preferences or incomes of consumer groups become more heterogeneous. He derives the average revenue curve of the price discriminating monopoly, corresponding to its aggregated marginal revenue curve. The curve is non-linear and lies above the aggregate demand curve of simple monopoly. The results may be used to explain to students the effects of third degree price discrimination on market outcomes. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Journal of Economic Education |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 58-67 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Several months after having completed an introductory economics course, most students are no better able to answer simple economic questions that students who never took the course. The problem seems to be that principles courses try to teach students far too much, with the result that everything goes by in a blur. The good news is that a relatively small number of basic principles do most of the heavy lifting in economics. By focusing narrowly on these principles, it is possible to teach students to master them at a fairly high level in just a single semester. The author describes a simple pedagogical device that has proven effective in this effort. It is called the ''economic naturalist writing assignment.'' an essay in which students must pose an interesting question about something they have personally observed and then use basic economic principles to answer it in no more than 500 words. The author gives examples of questions and answers. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Journal of Economic Education |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 98-115 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Although the IS/LM-AS/AD model is still the central tool of macroeconomic teaching in most macroeconomic textbooks, it has been criticized by several economists. Colander (1995) demonstrated that the framework is logically inconsistent, Romer (2000) showed that it is unable to deal with a monetary policy that uses the interest rate as its operating target, and Walsh criticized that it is not well suited for an analysis of inflation targeting. The authors present a framework that develops the Romer approach into a very simple but, at the same time comprehensive macroeconomic model. In spite of its simplicity, it can carry the main insights of the New Keynesian macroeconomics to an intermediate level and deal with issues like inflation targeting, monetary policy rules, and central bank credibility. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Journal of Economic Education |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 38-47 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The essay test has great potential to access the higher levels of students understanding of economics. The problem is that most instructors fail to exploit the significant advantage of this testing method and to avoid its pitvalls. The author highlights the advantages and pitfalls to essay testing in economics and gives instructors many practical examples and suggestions for improving the quality of essay questions. The general conclusion is that essay testing requires more work than is generally expected by economics instructors, but this commitment need to be made if essay tests are to be used as an effective and reliable measure for depth of understanding in economics. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Journal of Economic Education |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 93-97 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | In a recent article, Smith and Yates (2003) argued that regulators could gain additional information about the optimal number of permits to issue from two-sided markets. The author argues that they are incorrect in their assertion because the market they refer to is an asymmetric two-sided market in which inividuals are only allowed to decrease the number of permits. When a symetric two-sided market is considered, the public good nature of the problem makes it unlikely that any useful information can come from a two-sided market. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Journal of Economic Education |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 68-82 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The author shows instructors might successfully introduce students in principles and intermediate microeconomic theory classes to the topic of bundling (i.e., the selling of two or more goods as a package, rather than separately). It is surprising how much students can learn using only the tools of high school geometry. To be specific, one can prove that with independently distributed reservation prices, pure bundling raises both profits and consumers surplus. The author also explores the topic of mixed bundling (i.e., when both bundles and separate sales are conducted). |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Journal of Economic Education |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 21-37 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | An increasing number of academic institutions are considering changing to Web-based systems to take advantage of efficiencies in the collection of end-of-semester course evaluations. In considering such a change it is important that researchers determine whether it will affect mean evaluation scores and response rates. We undertook this study in a department considering changing over to electronic course evaluations to determine the effect such a change would have on the quality of resulting course evaluation data. Study results found that Web-based evaluation methods led to lower response rates, but that lower response rates did not appear to affect mean evaluation scores. They suggeste that faculty evaluation scores will not be adversely affected by switching from paper to Web-based evaluations. |
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