| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 133-152 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | A major challenge for the next generation of policy research will be to apply the lessons of past implementation studies in building a more powerful conceptual framework and at the same time, in producing more useful information for policymakers. This srticle begins to build such a framework by focusing on the notion of alternative policy instruments, or the mechanisms than translate substantive policy goals into concrete actions. It examines four different types of instruments and attempts to specify key relationships among problem definition, instrument choice, organizational context, implementation, and effects. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | David K. Cohen, Richard F. Elmore, McDonnell, Lorraine M., Murnane, Richard J., William H. Clune, Milbrey Wallin McLaughlin, William Lowe Boyd |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 153-170 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This essay probes the relations between educational policy and teaching practice in instructional innovations. It also takes up explanations for the slow pace of instructional reform, and the seeming failure of many exciting instructional innovations. Computer technology is the case in point. One theme in the essay is that policies and programs depend on practice. Another is that instructional practice in schools is situated in a larger organization and a longer history of academic instruction than are usually considered. These angles offer a useful view of educational policy and innovation, that solves some problems in inherited accounts. But they require that analysts cross several academic barriers, joining studies of policy and school organization to studies of instructional practice, and doing so in large social and historical perspectives. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 41-54 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Since its inception as part of the Higher Education Act of 1965, the Guaranteed Student Loan (GSL) program has become perhaps the leading federal initiative in helping to equalize educational and occupational opportunities. However, the GSL program has come under heavy criticism in recent years. High default rates, fueled by an all-time high loan volume, have generated public demands for increased accountability. In response, policymakers have cracked down on defaulters and their schools to protect a highly popular student aid program. However, little empirical evidence exists as to the correlates of student default rates, making the development of financial aid policy difficult in such stormy political conditions. This study, the first of its kind, examines default behavior among a large sample of students attending California proprietary schools and community colleges in 1982-83. It assesses the relative impact of student and institutional characteristics, and administrative practices thought to help curb loan defaults. Results indicate that, within the limits of the data, default rates stem chiefly from students` background characteristics, rather than characteristics or administrative practices of the institutions they attend. The paper concludes with a discussion of these findings and recommendations for policy and further research. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 1-7 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The purpose of this study was to ascertain the criterion-related validity of an assessment center for the selection of school-level administrators. The assessment center ratings of 121 subjects were correlated with their subsequent job performance ratings. The results indicated that the assessment center did to a significant degree predict the subject`s job performance. It was thus concluded that an assessment center represents a promising approach in the selection of school-level administrators. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 55-61 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Effect sizes were calculated for educational programs reviewed for validation from the U.S. Department of Education`s Joint Dissemination Review Panel (JDRP) during 1980-1983. Characteristics of the programs and their evaluations were documented through content analyses of the written applications the programs submitted to the JDRP. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were then used to see whether differences in the magnitude of effect sizes obtained by the programs were related to differences in features of the educational programs and their evaluations. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 63-75 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The greatest impact of research stems from clearly communicating research findings to policymakers and practitioners. Chart essays are an effective communication technique for this purpose. They (a) link specific research questions to real policy decisions and practical applications and (b) arrange the answer to each question in a chart that highlights actual research data gathered in the field. A study on extracurricular activities is used to illustrate how this technique translates the methods-oriented report into a form that can be readily understood and implemented by practitioners and policymakers. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 77-82 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Those individuals who must establish passing standards for important tests typically do so with little or no standards-setting experience. Given the significant impact of the standards set on high-stakes tests, it is contended in this essay that formal preparation should be given to policymakers for their standard-setting task. Ten factors relevant to the standard-setting decision are proposed as potential substance for a standard-setting preparation program. It is also recommended that media representatives be given an abbreviated preparation session dealing with essentials of the standards-setting process. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 25-40 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper summarizes recent proposals for the reform of teacher preparation in the state of Washington and reports the results of a study designed to test the justification of those proposals. The study shows that the three premises on which those proposals are based-the academic competence of teaching candidates is suspect; teacher preparation programs are academically undemanding; and those programs involve little practical work in schools-are erroneous for the state of washington. The proposed reforms, therefore, are not justified. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Ann Weaver Hart, Betty Malen, Barry Bull, Popham, W. James, Patricia A. Haensly, Ann E. Lupkowski, James F. McNamara, Kathleen Bodisch Lynch, Joseph J. Gomez, Robert S. Stephenson, Wellford W. Wilms, Richard W. Moore, Roger E. Bolus |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 9-23 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Empirical studies of career ladder policymaking at the state, district, and site levels in Utah provide the basis for analyzing the initial of this reform on teacher work roles, relationships, and reward structures. The article describes the manner in which the career ladder concept has been interpreted, assimilated, and adjusted at each level of the system and assesses the extent to which these responses reflect fundamental changes in the structure of teacher work. The findings reveal that the distinctive features of a career ladder (promotional positions and differentiated salaries) are being compromised at all levels of the system. With few exceptions, the reform is being converted into familiar practice. Conditions that may have contributed to this conversion to familiar practice are identified and discussed. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 347-378 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | To identify the relative power and influence of various state education policy groups, data were collected by elite interviewing as part of a larger study by the authors. This article displays the variation among six states in the ranking of policy groups. The relative rankings show how the configurations of power differ among the states. Using the qualitative data, the article provides short analyses of the policy processes that explain these differences. history, recent political battles, and the action styles of policy actors are part of the context that explains the differences (e.g., showing how teachers` associations may rank first in one state and twelfth in another). The research explores further the qualitative data to search for policy actors` sense of the rules that must be followed to gain and maintain power in the cultural state policymaking. The article introduces the theory of assumptive worlds; the common action principles understood by all state policy actors and learned from their socialization in the culture of politics. It concludes by showing how assumptive worlds build cohesion, translate values, and are barometers of change. |
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