| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 389-393 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Current Chapter 1 regulations for identifying schools in need of improvement are appropriate and useful; however, alternatives do exist for improving those regulations. Chapter 1 might move more toward a national test or national Chapter 1 norms, or, alternatively, toward more local control, with juries setting standards and assessing them. This article critiques current uses of normal curve equivalent scores (NCEs) with standardized tests and describes a range of alternative methodologies for identifying schools in need of improvement. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 353-362 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This study describes changes that occured in one of the nation`s largest urban school systems on the east Coast following passage of the Hawkins-Stafford Amendments. Case study methods were used to describe the central office and systemrole and changes at the elementary school level in selected sites. A major emphasis of central office framework for schoolwide projects (SWPs) was school-based management and instructional frameworks based on effective schools research. The primary type of instructional intervention at the school level was reduction of class size during reading and math instruction. Schoolwide projects offer the potential for improving learning outcomes of disadvantaged students but require coordinated and direct support from the central office and district. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 325-327 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 335-338 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Chapter 1 is popular with the Congress because it is perceived as a successful program, but a good program can be made better in response to legitimate criticisms. Legislated changes in 1988 placing a greater emphasis on educational results have led to substantially increased appropriations. The next reauthorization in 1993 will occur at a propitious time bacause of this increased funding and the likely attitude of the administration. Because of the 1988 amendments, Chapter 1 is evolving into and improved program, but it may have to change more in the 1990s to be relevent in the school environment resulting from accelerating educational reform. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 399-406 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The program improvement provisions of the Hawkins-Stafford Amendments to Chapter 1 rest on the optimistics premise that school-level accountability pressures directed at Chapter 1 will lead to higher academic achievement for educationally disadvantaged students. Although the legislation may be unrealistic in assuming that improvement is primarily an act of will, it correctly focuses on the school as the appropriate unit for change. Principals of over 200 schools identified for program improvement in three states were surveyed to determine local responses to the new provisions. Over two-thirds of responding schools had begun to implement programmatic changes. Fully 84% supported the legislative provisions. Research is called for to study the effects of the legislation and to provide additional options to low-performing schools. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Constance E. Clayton, Sam Stringfield, Shelley H. Billig, Allan Davis, John F. Jennings, Sam Stringfield, Linda F. Winfield, Glynn Ligon, Slavin, Robert E., Nancy A. Madden, Mary Rose C de Baca et al, Mary Jean LeTendre, Camilla A. Heid, Virginia R.L. Plunkett, Allan Davis |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 345-352 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The 1988 reauthorization of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act Chapter 1 legislation introduced several significant changes in both program and evaluation features,many of which have benefited students and schools in the school District of Philadelpia. However, some provisions of the legislation, and the accompanying regulations, have unintended consequences which are hampering efforts to provide the best possible program for students. This article addresses the implemention of schoolwide projects in Philadelphia, discusses some of the conceptual problems which exist in interpreting result of the 1988 reauthorization, schoolwide projects have increased from 37 sites in 1988-1989 to 103 for the 1991-1992 school year. This expansion has occured because of positive results in test scores and report card grades and because of the satisfaction expressed by school staffs and communities at having the flexibility to design a program tailored especially for the needs of their own students. Problems with the current legislation, as noted in the article, have stimulated the following attempts at solutions: how to discern which schools are in need of program improvement, how to ensure that schools with successful programs have the opportunity to continue implementing them, how to determine the intent of program improvement, and how to find alternatives to standardized testing. Finally, the article offers suggestions for alternative ways to use standardized test data, as well as performance-based measures of student learning. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 221-246 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projections of occupational employment growth have consistently underpredicted the growth of skilled occupations. BLS currently projects that professional, technical, and managerial jobs will account for 44.5% of employment growth between 1988 and 2000, while we project they will account for 70% of employment growth. Between March 1988 and March 1991 these occupations, in fact, accounted for 87% of employment growth. The BLS`s projections of the supply/demand balance for college graduates have also been off the mark-predicting a surplus for the 1980s when, in fact, a shortage developed, and relative wage ratios for college graduates rose to all-time highs. We project that the supply of college educated workers will grow more slowly during the 1990s and that there will be a continuing escalation of wage premiums for college graduates. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 309-321 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Educational evaluation conventionally has concentrated on measuring individual student achievement, appraising instructional methods and materials, and assessing program performance. Major issues in the field have been scholarly and methodological. The central career orientation of educational evaluators has been toward academic collegues and practicing educators. However, contemporary education reform efforts aimed at using schooling to enhance national economic development are altering this conventional orientation. Managerial expectations are replacing professional relations as the prime orientation of the enterprise, and the broader environment in which evaluation takes place is becoming intensely politicized. This essay (a) explains the evolving human capital imperative and its relation to erducation, (b) links these schooling changes to economic development, (c) summarizes the historic orientation of the education evaluation field, (d) suggests the evaluation dynamics which develop when governments reshape schooling systems in order to enhance national economic growth, and (e) outlines an alternative model for educational appraisal. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 212-220 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Previous research on the demand for graduate study has not focused on the effect of undergraduate indebtedness on individual decisions to pursue a graduate degree. In this article, a modified version of the approach typically used to analyze the transition from high school to college is used to study this effect. Estimates indicate that the level of undergraduate debt is not a significant factor in determining a student`s choice of whether to enter the labor market or continue his or her education. However, this result is subject to qualifications related to the way choices facing students had to be specified, given available data. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 256-268 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article is a first in identifying the diverse sources of teacher supply, the magnitude of the flow form each source, and the characteristics of the teachers that enter or reenter from each source. The analysis uses dta on all full-time teachers in Indiana from 1965 to 1988, as well as a survey of new hires in 1987-1988. Our data suggest that experienced teachers (both returning and migrating) have constituted an important source of supply-at present they account for almost 60% of all new hires. Inexperienced teachers appear to be delaying entry into teaching-they have become increasingly older over time, with over a third of them being 35 years odl or older. These findings have important implications for teacher recruiting is the future as retirements increase and the reserve pool begins to shrinks. |
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