| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 43-59 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This peper presents and estimates a model of the determinants of child health and health care utilisation in Indonesia. In particular, it estimates the impact of unwantedness and number of siblings on health outcomes and treatment. It finds evidence that children who are unwanted at birth are more likely than other children to become ill and less likely to receive treatment for illnesses. No evidence is found that children from larger families suffer adverse health consequences. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Sudarno Sumarto, Roger Montgomery, Mawardi, Sulton, Eric R. Jensen, Dennis A. Ahlburg, Manning, Chris, Crouch, Harold , John Maxwell, Jeffrey R. Vincent, Jean Aden, Giovanna Dore, Paul R. Deuster, Rosamond Naylor, Walter Falcon, Nikolas Wada |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 93-117 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | In January 1998 a significant policy reform deregulated agriculture in Indonesia. It sought to eliminate distorting local monopolies, monopsonies, trade restrictions, interisland maximum shipment quotas and other barriers that effectively lowered farmgate prices. Many of these had been constructed to benefit the Soeharto family and their business cronies. The reform also sought to lower local taxes and levies targeted at agriculture. This paper demonstrates that deregulation eliminated many of the distorting taxes and levies, and dismantled many(but not all) local monopolies, monopsonies and quotas. Farmers typically now receive a higher real prices for their products, although this differs dramatically across commodities. Local governments complained about local revenues lost through the reforms. Detailed budget analyses reveal that deregulation did not substantially harm local government budgets; instead, other factors caused a decline in the local-source revenue contribution to local budgets. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 309-324 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The experience of high inflation accompanying the economic crisis in 1998 has brought back painful memories of hyperinflation in the 1960s. Success with inflation targeting (IT) in other countries has prompted Indonesia to consider this framework as the basis for monetary policy, a response that seems justified on at least two grounds. First, monetary policy needs a new anchor after the abandonment in 1997 of the previous regime of managed floating. Second, the central bank law enacted in 1999 prescribes stability of the value of the rupiah as Bank Indonesia`s sole objective. This paper explores the future framework of monetary policy under a formal IT approach and highlights the constraints Bank Indonesia faces in implementing such an approach. It discusses a monetary policy framework before and during the crisis, and in the post-crisis period. It then goes on to outline a preliminary design for a suitable IT framework for Indonesia. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 325-343 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The paper examines the intergovernmental general purpose equalisation transfer (DAU) that began operating in 2001. First, a description of the mechanism highlights the significant distributional role played by the `balancing factor` relative to the `formula`, and the key differences in distribution procedures for districts/municipalities and provinces. Second, the approach and methods are empirically analysed and evaluated. The sums available to the DAU appear more than sufficient to meet regional governments` net expenditure requirements, at least in aggregate, and given some caveats. The allocation mechanism has some design flaws in both its structure and the methods it uses to operationalise expenditure needs and fiscal capacity. Third, an examination of the `equalising` effects of the transfer scheme shows that conclusions about equalisation depend very much on how one defines and operationalises the concept; policy makers need to be clear about what they want the DAU to accomplish in respect of equalisation. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 277-303 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | An unexpectedly quick and peaceful presidential transition from Abdurrahman Wahid to Megawati Sukarnoputri in July brought a renewed sense of confidence to both domestic politics and the economy. In mid August the new president exceeded the expectations of many in her selection of cabinet members, particulary her choice of well respected technocrats and professionals to handle the economic portfolios. Within about two weeks of the cabinet`s inauguration, the economic team signed a new Letter of Intent (LOI) to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which paved the way for the disbursement in September of the long delayed $400 million loan tranche to Indonesia. Despite these encouraging signs, the economy remains fragile. Misuse of funds and various forms of corruption continue to hamper economic recovery. The murder of a Supreme court judge shortly after Megawati took office and another bomb explosion in September at a large Shopping centre in the heart of Jakarta are reminders of the current serious lack of security. Achieving targets set in the 2001 and 2002 budgets and meeting the LOI comitments are the government`s current major economic concerns. Indonesia`s recovery depends heavily on the performance of the bank restructuring agency, IBRA, in relation to asset recoveries, and on privatisation of stateowned enterprises. The government is also relying on obtaining fresh loans and securing approval from multilateral and bilateral donors for the rescheduling of existing foreign debt. Realistically speaking, none of these budget financing sources can be taken for granted. The 11 September terrorist attacks in New York and Washington have heightened the risk of a steeper, longer downturn for an already deteriorating world economy. A global downturn implies an even greater need for recovery to be generated domestically.The challenges are great, but the consequences of another round of political and economic mishaps such as those that occurred under former President Abdurahman Wahid may be too much for Indonesia to bear in its current highly vulnerable condition. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 363-384 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper discusses the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia before and during the crisis. It argues that SME productivity has risen substantially, at rates not far from those of larger firms. Case studies indicate that various mechanisms are at work, such as technology diffusion through foreign buyers and subcontracting. The prevalence of SME clusters suggests that they benefit small and medium enterprise development. SMEs are found to have been weathering the crisis better than larger companies, though many have been hit hard too. Being less reliant on formal markets and formal credit, SMEs are able to respond more quickly and flexibly than their larger counterparts to sudden shocks. The paper argues that, rather than providing direct assistance to smaller firms, government should concentrate on creating a business environment conducive to small and medium business growth, and promoting provision of business development services by the private sector. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 305-307 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 345-362 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | A fundamental restructuring of intergovernmental relations involving decentralisation and expanded autonomy for provincial and local governments is under way in Indonesia. This paper explores the intergovernmental financial system that preceded the new General Allocation Fund (DAU), with particular attention to the old Inpres development grants. Like Inpres, the DAU attempts to address national development objectives, and can be seen as a logical consequence of reform efforts in intergovernmental finance that began long before the demise of the New Order government in 1998. The use of earmarked Inpres grants enabled the central government to ensure that key sectors such as roads, public health and education received adequate attention throughout Indonesia`s diverse regions. Local governments` experience with Inpres should help in implementation of the DAU, yet law 25/1999---which restructures fiscal relations between the various levels of government---may actually have increased local reliance on the central government. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Robinson, Kathryn, Azis, Iwan J., Larry Schroeder, Christopher Silver, Liddle, R. William, Henry Sandee, Berry, Albert, Edgard Rodriguez, Reza Y. Siregar, Blane D. Lewis, Halim Alamsyah, Charles Joseph, Agung, Juda, Doddy Zulverdy |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 385-386 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 233-251 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article analyses the drafting and adoption of the 1983 Indonesian Income Tax Law and the ways this process was shaped by the political circumstances of the time. It seeks to provide an insight into the constraints faced by the makers of the law, and into the influences various actors brought to bear on the final outcome. The impact on the process of the wider milieu-interest groups, the media, the government, political parties and foreign advisers-receives particular attention, as does the role of the Harvard Institute for International Development and its interaction with Indonesian policy makers. |
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