| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 136-145 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Rietveld, Piet, Jan Rouwendal, Bert Zwart, Jamie Mackie, Manning, Chris, Joseph J. Stern, George Fane, Jorge Garcia Garcia, Mayling Oey-Gardiner, Eric D. Ramstetter, George Fane, Grenville, Stephen |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 73-92 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Block rate pricing of piped water in Indonesia cities has a progressive structure: the marginal price paid increases with the volume of demand.This paper estimates household water demand in Salatiga city using the Burtless and Hausman model, and finds that its distribution is not unimodal that data cluster around kinks. The main estimation results are a price elasticity of approximately -1.2 and an income elasticity of 0.05. These elasticities are mutually dependent. The estimated model is used to investigate the social welfare consequences of a shift to uniform pricing. The principal beneficiaries would be large households, which are not necessarily wealthy. While replacing the complex rate structure by a uniform marginal price would have positive effects on average welfare, the equity consequences would be small. To improve equity, water companies could reduce installation fees, giving low-income households access to water connections, or reinvest profits in network expansion to unserviced areas. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 115-138 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | One of the ways in which Indonesians have adapted to economic change over recent decades is through permanent and temporary movement within and outside the country. This paper focuses on the effects which the crisis that started in 1997 has had upon population mobility among different groups and in different areas within the country. It begins by summarising the employment effects of the crisis, as indicated by the 1997 and 1998 National Labour Force Surveys. It then uses results from a number of surveys to indentify the changes that have occurred in population mobility in Indonesia during the crisis. In particular it looks at the extent and nature of urban to rural movement, and at patterns of movement between Java and the Outer islands. Although comprehensive data are lacking, it is argued that population mobility has become an important coping mechanism for confronting the crisis. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 5-40 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Economic recovery remains hostage to politics, with the diverse coalition that makes up the cabinet unable to provide strong and effective government. There has been a high turnover of ministers, and the governor of the central bank has been placed in detention. Communal violence continues on a large scale, and law and order appears to be deteriorating. The economy has been growing modestly, but investment spending----the most basic indicator of confidence in Indonesia`s near term economic prospects----remains far below pre-crisis levels. Inflation has increased appreciably in recent months because of significantly faster base money growth. The central bank appears more concerned to prevent interest rate rises than to meet the money growth tergets in the government`s recent Letters of Intent to the IMF. The rupiah has been depreciating quite rapidly since late 1999. While this is usually blamed on growing political uncertainty and continuing social unrest, concern about weakening monetary discipline is also likely to be a factor. The disappointing outcome of the recent sale of government shares in Bank Central Asia calls into doubt the whole approach to bank restructuring. The new minimum level of capital adequacy is far too low, and the extent of bank recapitalisation has been overstated by virtue of the recapitalisation bonds having interest yields well below market rates. The attempt to devolve power away from the central government seems bound to run into enormous difficulties. The major problem is the last minute decision to push many government functions down to the level of districts/municipalities, by passing the provinces. In important respects the push for regional autonomy may prove to be more apparent than real, with many at the centre reluctant to give up their power and authority, but in some cases where true devolution does occur it may be highly disruptive. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 139-141 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 43-60 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper examines monetary policy during the Indonesian crisis, looking in particular at what should have been the proper focus of policy. Both the exchange rate and money base have been suggested as appropriate policy objectives, but it is argued here that neither provides adequate policy guidance during a crisis. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 61-95 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Despite an enormous currency depreciation, the growth rate of Indonesia`s non-oil exports, measured in dollars, did not accelerate during the first two years of the Asian crisis. In fact, during the second year of the crisis non-oil export value dropped sharply. This paper demonstrates that the main reason for the decline in the dollar value of non-oil exports was a collapse of export prices. Non oil export dollar prices fell 26% between the second quarter of 1997 and the second quarter of 1999. Measured at constant prices, non-oil exports grew 24% and manufactured exports 31% during this period. Non-oil import prices fell by roughly the same amount as non-oil export prices during the crisis, with little change in the non-oil terms of trade. The decline in the price of traded goods significantly reduced the magnitude of the real exchange rate depreciation experienced by Indonesia. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Emmanuel Skoufias, Sudarno Sumarto, Asep Suryahadi, L. Peter Rosner, Grenville, Stephen, Tarence H. Hull, Ross H. McLeod, Graeme Hugo |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 97-114 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This studi provides evidence about changes in the distribution of living standards among Indonesian households during the economic crisis. It uses consumption expenditure data from a panel of households that were surveyed in May 1997, just before the onset of the crisis, and then again in August 1998, about a year after the crisis began. A household-specific deflator is used to make nominal consumption expenditures comparable across this period. The results suggest that there was considerable drop in household welfare during the economic crisis. Average per capita expenditures fell significantly, and at the same time inequality increased. The poverty rate also appears to have double from the pre-crisis level. However, transitions into and out of poverty before and after the crisis reveal remarkable fluidity. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 13-44 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | GDP grew slowly but steadily during 1999, thus confirming that Indonesia is at last recovering, although more slowly than the other countries most affected by the Asian crisis. Growth in 2000 is officially forecast at 3-4%. With the effects of discretionary fiscal policies included, inflation during 2000 is expected to be in the range 5-8%, compared with 2% during 1999. Indonesia`s sluggish output growth is probably due mainly to delays in restructuring the banking sector and resolving corporate debts. About 80% of the Rp 639 trillion of government bonds needed to be recapitalise the banks has now been issued. However, with capital-asset ratios of only 4%, and assets dominated by illiquit bond holdings, the banks appear fragile. The meeting of the Consultative Group on Indonesia promised new officials loans of $4.7 billion. In addition, Indonesia signed a new agreement with the IMF that raises the total amount of its promised loan from $11 billion to $16 billion. The policies to be followed under the new IMF agreement continue to emphasise the avoidance of money creation as a way of financing the budget deficits that will result from the interest payments on the government`s greatly increased debts. The government has unveiled new initiatives to deal with judicial corruption, and hopes that they will improve the workings of the bankruptcy law and hence the restructuring of corporate debt. More important than any economic even was the civilian government`s assertion of its dominance over the military, at least for the time being. Following the finding by the National Commission on Human Right that General Wiranto should be held accountable for the `planned and systematic violence` in East Timor, the President forced him out of the cabinet. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 185-207 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Contemporary debate in Indonesia over `people`s economy` and `globalisation` recalls the vigorous 1950s debate over `dualism`. Taking as a case study the rise and eclipse of railways, this paper argues that the colonial phenomenon of dualism can with hindsight be reinterpreted as a phase in a previous cycle of globalisation. However, economic history has overlooked the remarkable vitality of the small-scale transport sector. Focus on the small-scale sector highlights the inadequacies of familiar paradigms and suggests the need to reconceptualise long-term socioeconomic change. This analysis has important implications for responses to the current wave of globalisation and how they may be manifest in a more democratic post-Suharto Indonesia. |
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