| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 73-104 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper surveys the evidence on trends in poverty and inequality during the years of Soeharto`s presidency.That Indonesia saw a decline in the incidence of poverty, and improvements in other welfare indicators such as infant mortality rates and literacy rates over these years, seems indisputable. Comparative studies show that by the latter part of the 1980s, the headcount measure of poverty in Indonesia was below that in the Philippines although above that in Malaysia and Thailand. But relative poverty has declined more slowly, and indeed increased in some urban areas between 1987 and 1996. The paper also examines evidence on the determinants of rural poverty in Indonesia in 1993, and suggests that rural development programs targeted to the specific needs of poor people in poor areas will be essential if rural poverty is to be further reduced in future years. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 137-166 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper analyses forward linkages formed by small firms in Ceper, a rural metal-casting cluster in Central Java, and examines the effects of these linkages in promoting the firms` development. Firms in the cluster have developed subcontracting linkages with assemblers in the urban modern sector, and putting-out linkages with wholesalers located in the cities. The linkages provide benefits beyond product sales: some firms are stimulated to improve technological capabilities through subcontracting lingkages with assemblers; others are supported by trade credits embedded in linkages wtih wholesalers. In comparing these affects with external assistance, the firms rate technological help from private institutions with a business orientation more highly than that from assemblers, and support from wholesalers more higly than any other source of financial assistance. Government assistance receives a relatively low rating. There is little evidence of effects of clustering, partly because firms consider linkages with the outer economy more strategic. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 105-136 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper focuses on Labour market adjustment during the economic crisis of 1997-98. It shows how labour processes help explain better outcomes for the poor than were initially predicted. The Indonesian experience is viewed in a framework that contrasts two extreme models: a Keynesian world of rigid real wages, and a neoclassical situation of flexible adjustment to economic shocks. It was found that the Indonesian case is more consistent with the neoclassical than the Keynesian model, despite the tendency for greater government intervention in labour markets before the crisis. The paper also finds that the large change in relative prices from the exchange rate depreciation had a smaller effect than expected on employment structure. These conclusions are discussed in the context of major changes in labour markets prior to the economic crisis. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 167-184 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article offers the first systematic survey of Korean direct investment in Indonesia as it has developed during the past three decades. The survey includes a chronology and an overview based on macro level statistics. An assessment of the potential contribution of Korean direct investment to the Indonesian economy draws on both a corporate profile embracing a large number of companies and evidence from a small sample of selected individuals firms. The article stresses a fundamental diversity in Korean investment in Indonesia that translates as potential benefits in terms of both new employment creation and technology transfers. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 209-241 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper examines the development of the Indonesian automotive industry since 1970. After giving an overview of trends and comparative East Asian assessment, we investigate ownership patterns, the political economy of intervention and key structural features of the industry. Output grew rapidly in the three decades to 1997; there was a significant increase in technological capacity; and some firms in the components and commercial vehicle sectors were approaching international efficiency. However, the highly interventionist policy regime has resulted in an Inefficient industry characterised by `back-to-front` industrialisation, uneconomic production runs and minuscule exports. The industry`s fundamental weaknesses were exposed by the crisis of 1997-99. Looking beyond the current difficulties, the future challenge will be to develop a globally efficient and integrated industry. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Djiwandono, J. Soedradjad, Hill, Hal, Haryo Aswicahyono, M. Chatib Basri, Lindblad, J. Thomas, Manning, Chris, Yuri Sato, Booth, Anne, Howard Dick, George Fane |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 47-72 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper is a personal note describing the crisis as it unfolded while the writer was a key player in Indonesia`s macroeconomic management. The crisis is seen as multi-faceted. It originated externally from a shock in the currency market that triggered a downward spiral from currency depreciation to fully-fledget crisis. The currency shock that hit the rupiah in Juli 1997 exposed in sequence the flaws embedded in the banking sector, the economic system, the social and the politicial system, flaws that had been obscured by long years of good economic performance. Through a complicated process of contagion and feedback effects----market disturbances, policy responses, and market reactions----Indonesia deteriorated from a relatively well managed economy to the `worst case` among the Asian crisis economies. The paper discusses this process, the IMF`s role, the bank closure issue, the currency board controversy and the author`s dimissal as Governor of Bank Indonesia. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 51-69 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This note demonstrates empirically the importance of urban-rural price differences and inflation figures in poverty analysis. Using data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional, widely known as Susenas), it shows that the urban-rural food price differential during the period 1987-1996 was 13-16%, not 28-52% as implied by the `official` food poverty lines. The urban-rural poverty comparisons and the components of change in simulated poverty estimates presented here therefore differ from those based on the `official` figures. They indicate that migration to urban areas between 1987 and 1996 accounts for a significant part of the observed decline in poverty. The paper concludes that it is essential to use accurate urban-rural cost of living differences in deriving aggregate, urban and rural poverty estimates. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 3-38 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The previous Survey ended on a note of cautious optimism that the Indonesian economy might be on the path to a sustainable recovery. But events in August and September demonstrated how vulnerable the economic recovery still is. Revelations about payments made by Bank Bali to third parties brought into disreputi officials not just in the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA), but also in Bank Indonesia and the Ministry of Finance; key advisers to President Habibie were also implicated. This and the post-ballot turmoil in east Timor inevitably affected both national and international confidence in the economic recovery. There is growing evidence that the recovery is demand constrained; fiscal policy in 1988 / 1999 was much tighter than originally forecast, and it is far from clear that the predicted deficit in the 1999 / 2000 fiscal year (5.8% of GDP) will eventuate. Real interest rates remain high and there is little sign that investment expenditures are recovering. Although there is now a consensus that the effect of the crisis on poverty and unemployment was not as severe as was predicted in the latter part of 1998, the incidence of poverty increased, and there was a marked rise in the number of workers in agriculture and in the informal sector of the of the non-agricultural economy. Real wages fell sharply. The social safety net programs implemented in 1998 / 1999 were successful in maintaining rice consumption among poorer families and in preventing large-scale dropouts in the school system. But continuing political uncertainty, combined with the far-reaching decentralisation measures incorporated in Laws 22 and 25 of 1999, led to declining morale among the civil service and a freeze on new policy initiatives. The economic and social policy reform agenda that awaits the new government, led by President Abdurrahman Wahid, is formidable. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 41-50 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Teuku Mohamad Daud, a pioneer Indonesian entrepreneur, was born in Perlak, Aceh, in 1920. Educated in Aceh and Jakarta, he joined the fledgling Indonesian National Army (TNI) at the proclamation of independence in 1945. Charged with procuring military equipment for the TNI Sumatra Command based at bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Mr Daud was forced to finance the procurement by smuggling agricultural commodities, with the help of his uncle, Teuku Abdul Hamid Azwar. In 1947, at the suggestion of Vice President Hatta, Mr Daud and his uncle established Indonesia`s first state-owned general trading company, the Central trading Corporation (CTC, renamed PN Tri Bhakti in 1961, and later PN Panca Niaga), based in Bukittinggi. Mr Daud became a director of CTC while remaining on the TNI staff, and was later President Director until his resignation in 1966. He and several colleagues than established a group of private companies, engaged mainly in construction work. On 1 October 1996 and again in June 1997, Mr Daud talked with Howard Dick and Thee Kian Wie of the BIES Editorial Board about his experiences in running CTC, both during Indonesia`s revolutionary struggle and in the early period of independence, and about his views on the role of government in commerce. References to current government policy relate to the Soeharto administration. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 153-158 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
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