| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 93-106 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper seeks to quantify the immediate determinants of the large improvement in Indonesia`s real resource balance (balance of trade in goods and services at constant prices) over the period 1986-89. The paper uses a framework which distinguishes between tradable and non-tradable products to decompose the change in the real resource balance into the effects of changes in absorption, expenditure-switching, output-switching and economic growth. The results show that each of the three annual increases in the real resource balance between 1986 and 1989 was the outcome of positive growth and expenditure-switching effects dominating negative absorption and output-switching effects. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 3-40 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 71-92 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Rising labour costs and declining terms of trade for rice farmers on Java during the 1980s have encouraged the adoption of labour-saving technologies. This paper uses extensive field survey evidence to illustrate current patterns of labour-displacing technological change in the Javanese rice economy. It presents the recent introduction of pre-emergence herbicides as a potential revolution in labour-saving technologies, comparable to that of small rice mills and sickles. The evidence shows that the growing use of tractors and machine threshers is further reducing labour inputs. These changes will have a profound effect on the role of women in rice agriculture. The paper compares the transition in the Javanese rice economy with that experienced elsewhere in Asia, and showls that the adoption of labour-saving technologies has occurred more slowly on Java than in other countries in the regian. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 107-122 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | An accumulation of old banking laws replaced with a single new one early in 1992. The previous focus on the lending side of banks` activities has been replaced by greater emphasis on their deposit mobilisation and intermediation functions. Distinctions between commercial, savings and development banks have been dropped-- the only functional distinction remaining being that between banks which offer cheque account services and the much smaller ones which do not. Important changes relating to ownership include placing the state banks on the same legal footing as those from the private sector, allowing them to sell their shares to the public, and permitting foreigners to purchase shares in domestic banks listed on the stock exchange. Those who breach the new law are liable to heavy fines and goal terms. The law allows the government to require all (not just state) banks to undertake special developmental or equity-- oriented programs. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Warr, Peter G., Ross H. McLeod, Rosamond Naylor, Thomas P. Tomich, M.L. Treadgold, E.M. Treadgold |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 41-70 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The comparative advantage of Indonesia`s traded goods producing sectors is examined in this paper. Comparative advantage is studied by computing the domestic resources costs of foreign exchange earned or saved in each of the 138 such sectors defined in the 1985 input-output tables for Indonesia. The paper also computes measures of effective rates of protection. It is found that these two types of measures are highly correlated across industries. The paper also shows that between 1875 and 1987 the distortionary effects of Indonesia`s trade policies declined markedly. Nevertheless, Indonesia`s most highly protected industries continue to be those in which its comparative advantage is least. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 95-106 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The emergence of fast-growing peri-urban regions and corridors joining large cities has been a feature of rapid urban growth in Asia in the last fifty years. These areas have been characterised by a mixture of urban and rural activities and by strong rural-urban linkages. This paper uses data from the 1980 and 1990 Indonesian Censuses to measure the extent to which this process has been occurring on Java in the intervening decade. It calculates and categorises the absolute and proportional increase in the urban populations of each kabupaten in Java, and examines some of the reasons for the emerging patterns. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the findings. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 3-42 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The Indonesian economy in mid-1992 presents a very mixed picture. On the positive side of the ledger, the economy remains buoyant, much more so than most observers had expected. The 1991 national accounts, to be released in mid-August, will show that real GDP grew at close to 7%. This is a particularly creditable performance in view of the sluggish global economy, a serious drought which resulted in a poor rice harvest for the second successive year, and the government`s tight money policy as reflected in countinuing high interest rates. As reported in the last Survey (Manning 1992), the government appears to have been able to control the potentially serious inflationary problem of 1990-91 while avoiding a `hard landing`. The robust growth of 1991 is explained in part by a one-off expansion in the mining sector. But, in addition, industrial export growth has been most impressive, Manufactured exports increased by almost 25% in 1991, boosted especially by the performance in a range of labour-intensive industries, and reversing decisively the poor growth record of 1990. That Indonesia registers such expansion in a year of low global economic and trade growth is testimony to its growing, broad based industrial competence, and its capacity to achieve export growth through increased market share. This export performance also contributed to a much smaller current account deficit for 1991/92 than many forecasters had projected. Nevertheless the government is still grappling with a range of daunting short and long-run economic policy challenges. Inflationary pressures appear to be waning, but they have not ceased. To slow down an over-heated economy the government has arguably relied too heavily on monetary policy and not enough on fiscal policy. Lending rates in the formal banking sector have been stubbornly high, in the range 25-30%, prompting many observers to wonder why there have been so few reported corporate collapses, especially among firms oriented primarily towards the domestic market. The country`s external indebtedness, of some $ 75 billion, is cause for concern, especially as a number of international banks and development agencies appear to be reluctant to increase their exposure in Indonesia. Perhaps inevitably, supply-side. constraints to growth in the area of physical and social infrastructure are not being removed quickly enough. It is partly for this reason that Indonesia has registered growth rates of `only` around 7% in the recent past, in contrast to the double-digit performances of some of its neighbours. Indonesia`s political economy equations in 1992 are intriguing, complex and fluid. On 9 June the New Order`s fifth general election was conducted. The heavily managed campaign witnessed some lively public debate, particularly in the cities, among the youth, and on the part of the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). As expected, the ruling Golkar party won convincingly, although its share of the vote declined from some 73% in 1987 to 68%. In February and March, the Parliament passed several important laws, on banking, transport and communication, and social security. A number of new initiatives may be announced in the coming months, in the area of trade policy (aimed especially at the steel and automotive industries), regional development and decentralisation, and small industry. Cronyism, politically-powerful individuals have all become the subject of increasingly vociferous private-- and, at a more restrained pitch, public---comment and debate. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 75-94 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper compares the incidence of poverty in three neighbouring rural villages in Bali, two of which have experienced the innovation of seaweed-growing and have become market dependent, while the third remains a traditional cassave-corn dependent village. Several alternative measures are used to compace the incidence of poverty in the villages, and these measures are discussed critically. All of them rate the incidence of poverty in the cassava-corn village to be very high, and much greater than in the seaweeed-dependent villages. Aggregative or macroeconomic studies of poverty, even at the regional level, are liable to conceal or overlook such differences. An innovation, at least in the Indonesian context, is the application of subjective or respondent-dependent methods of assessing poverty. These, it is argued, can make a valuable contribution to poverty assessment and in this case their results accord most closely with those of an average per capita expenditure method based on rural Bali, the World Bank and the KFM objective methods. Economic development and growth such as has occurred in the seaweed villages has not increased the incidence of poverty; instead it appears to have reduced it, contrary to what might have been expected if Kuznets` theory or the Neo- Marxian Theory were to apply. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 43-54 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Sarbini Sumawinata, Professor in the Faculty of Economics at the University of Indonesia and Chairman of the Board of the Indonesian bilingual newmagazine Business News, was born in Madiun, East Java, in 1918. In the early 1950s he spent time in the Netherlands, the US and Canada, returning to Indonesia in 1955 to become the first Indonesian head of the Central Bureau of Statistics, a post which he held for almost eleven years. During this period he also taught international economics at the University of Indonesia, and in the politically turbulent late 1950s and early 1960s was chairman of the Association of Indonesian Economists (ISEI). In 1963, Sarbini and the late Dr Soedjatmoko drafted a document outlining a development plan for Indonesia which become known as the Economic Declaration (Dekon). During the early years of the New Order he was Coordinator of Experts in the field of politics, advising President Suharto on political matters. In April 1989 and again in October 1991 Professor Sarbini granted interviews to members of the Editorial Board of the Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies (Anne Booth, J.A.C. Mackie and Thee Kian Wie), during which he discussed his career and his views about the economic and social problems facing Indonesia. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Rietveld, Piet, Sarbini Sumawinata, Carunia Firdausy, Tisdell, Clem, Hill, Hal, Tommy Firman |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 55-74 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Indonesia experienced rapid growth in the housing sector in the 1980s, accompanied by large-scale improvement of existing dwellings. There are clear signs of a large potential demand for more and better dwellings; though several bottlenecks exist which hamper this potential. This paper critically examines the credit-related bottleneck and the subsidised credit schemes designed to address it. Input-output analysis is used in the paper to study the structure of the construction materials sector. Examination shows that the adverse effects of a stimulation of housing demand on the balance of payments are small, and that employment in the construction materials sector is dominated by small-scale and household industry. Finally, an analysis of roofing materials shows that there is scope for further introduction of labour-intensive construction materials. |
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