| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 105-126 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper provides estimates of the 1987 levels of nominal and effective protection for 134 tradeable industries based on the 1985 Indonesian input-output table. The average nominal rate of protection was 11.5%; the average effective rate was 18.5%. The standard deviations of nominal and effective rates across the 134 tradeable sectors were 17 and 48 percentage points respectively. The results confirm that the net effect of policies has been to subsidise manufacturing at the expense of mining and quarrying, and to a lesser extent agriculture. The average effective rates of protection for these broad aggregates were: 44% for manufacturing, including oil refining; 80% for manufacturing, excluding oil refining; 19% for agriculture; and -1% for mining (including crude oil and gas) and quarrying. Policy in 1987 was also strongly biased in favour of import substitution at the expense of export expansion: the average effective rate of protection for all import-competing sectors was 47%, while that for all export-competing sectors was -2%. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Pierre van der Eng, George Fane, Chris Phillips, Mayling Oey-Gardiner, Parker, Stephen, M. Husein Sawit, Ibrahim Manwan, Paul S. J. Wymenga |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 39-56 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Professor Egbert de Vries is one of the few former colonial civil servants who can provide first hand information about the economic situation in Indonesia during the colonial era. Having revisited the country several times in the 1960s and 1970s as a consultant to the Indonesian government, he is also in a position to furnish first hand observations about changes in socio-economic policy and development in Indonesia over more than 65 years. This article is based on interviews with Professor De Vries conducted in 1979 and 1988, and is written as spoken by him. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 45-74 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | A Major development in the Indonesian economy during the latter part of the 1980s has been the growth in non-oil exports, particularly from the manufacturing sector. However a development less remarked upon over the same period has been the expansion of the Indonesion of the Indonesian tourist industry. This papre explores the reasons for this growth and expansion of the sector can be realised. It also looks at the potential of the tourist sector for generating productive employment opportunities and increased foreign exchange earnings over the Repelita V period and beyond. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 3-44 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 111-120 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 75-110 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 133-153 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Lack of consensus among researchers in Indonesia concerning real wage trens in rice production has generated disagreement over rural labour market conditions of Java. This paper identifies some empirical difficulties associated with measuring real wages, difficulties which have contributed to conflicting results in the literature. It is argued that the choice of deflator and the time period of analysis play a significant role in the calculation of real wages. In addition, the regional dimension of analysis is shown to be important, particularly during certain discrete time periods inrecent history. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 59-78 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Indonesia`s cloves meet higher quality standards than most of her other agricultural commodities. This paper presents the results of research on Ambon, Maluku, whose smallholder clove farming system is representative of the principal system used by Indonesian clove producers, in which cloves form part of a well-diversified agricultural portfolio. The paper examines the clove marketing system, the factors involved in clove quality, and the system of quality premia and penalties applied in the marketing of cloves. The largest buyers of cloves, the major kretek cigarette companies, demand high-quality procedure, because of the highly competitive domestic market and their more recent attempts to penetrate the international market. These buyers transmit their preferences along the marketing chain through the well-defined incentive system, while poorer quality cloves are bought by smaller kretek producers. The result is a system in which high quality standards are maintained. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 5-42 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 121-132 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The Citanduy II Project`s model farm program on steep slopes in West Java was started in 1981 with the dual goals of reducing erosion and increasing farmer incomes. Limited success in reaching both goals has been achieved. Subsidies used to implement the program, however, could have been allocated more efficiently. |
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