| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 3-34 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 121-124 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | - |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 35-55 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The employment problem of the LDCs arises from their age distribution, and especially the age distribution of their educated manpower. The supply of college graduates tends to increase faster than industry`s demand for of college graduates tends to increase faster than inductry`s demand for them. On one calculation for Indonesia, college graduates increase annually by 0.64 per thousand labour force in 1980, while demand goes up by 0.40 per thousand labour force. That means that 0.24 (per 1,000 1980 labour force) of college graduates will one year later have had to take jobs thatin 1980 were filled by senior high school graduates. This `pushdown` effect applies at each level; 2.34 per thousand labour force who where junior high school graduates will have taken jobs that before were filled by elementary school graduates. The effect is trifling in any one year, but over 10 years the cumulative effect is great; for example, by 1990 virtually all those holding junior high school jobs (as classified in 1980) would have graduated from senior high school, on the model here used. If this is occuring, then market forces ought to reduce the wage premium for education. This is exactly what we find. Between 1976 and 1986, money wages for those with less than primary school graduation increased in the ratio 4.70, while those with university graduation increased in the ratio 2.65. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 57-72 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper uses the Social Accounting Matrices for 1975 and 1980 prepared by the Central Bureau of Statistics to examine the links between household income and food consumption. The main finding is that, although the average energy and protein intake of the population was already above the minimum requirements in both 1975 and 1980, there existed some household groups which consumed less, including households which were above the assumed poverty line in terms of per capita disposable income. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | Hayami, Yujiro, Toshihiko Kowagoe, Slamet Sutomo, Keyfitz, Nathan, Tjiptoherijanto, Prijono, Sjahrir, Jamie Mackie, N.M. Esparon, N.H. Sturgess |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 73-97 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Compared with long-settled Java, transmigration areas in the outer islands of Indonesia are characterised by an underdeveloped transportation and communication infrastructure that makes farmers` access to markets relatively difficult. In this case study, however, no significant difference was found in either marketing margins or middleman profits between a transmigration area in Sumatra and a long-settled area in West Java. High risk and transaction costs, associated with long-distance trade under poor infrastructure, together with delays in the issue of formal land titles to transmigrant settlers, operate as entry barriers to marketing activities. These negative factors in the transmigration area are largely compensated for by the larger marketable agricultural surplus per farm, which has the effect of reducing transportation and transaction costs. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 53-77 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The present dependence on oil exports in Indonesia is not new. The oil industry also played a key role in the colonial economy. This article examines the development of the Indonesian oil industry up to the Second World War. It identifies producers and production centres and considers trends in output and revenue, changes in the product mix and possible growth effects. Its main question concerns the possibilities and limitations of the oil sector for sustaining economic growth. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 111-123 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The paper examines the economic impact of the Indonesian phased log export ban from 1981 to 1986, by means of a counterfactual analysis which permits the calculation of hypothetical export revenues under the assumption that the log export ban was not implemented. A graphic and numeric presentation of the analysis is provided. The present value of the range of estimated cumulative losses is US$ (1980) 1.9 billion to $3.1 billion. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 79-98 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper attempts to explain changes in rural cottage industry (RCI) employment by means of a Central Javanese case study of the rural tile industry. It demonstrates that a decline in employment in this industry, despite a favourable rural industrial environment, is largely due to transition from household-based production to production by more specialised and productive units, with some functions, e.g. marketing and transport, being contracted out, and providing employment for those originally involved in household-based production. Transition has occured in areas with access to wider markets and improved technology. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 3-30 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The planning process in Indonesia over the past two decades has been an extremely difficult one, because large and unpredicted fluctuations in the price of oil have rendered plan targets on exports, government revenues and expenditures absolete almost as soon as the plan documents were issued. While world economic prospects are still uncertain, Indonesia enters the 1990s far less dependent on oil price fluctuations than at any time since the late 1960s, and endeed less dependent on price fluctuations of a few primary commodities than at any time this century. Repelita V makes it clear that the export diversification which has lessened dependence on the oil price must continue into the 1990s and beyond. It also emphasises the need for greaterdomestic tax effort, not only to replace revenues accruing from the oil company tax, but also to reduce reliance on foreign aid and borrowing as a source of development finance, and allow aid flows to be used for paying back interest and principal on existing foreign debt. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 100-110 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper attempts to clarify the debate over trends in inequality in Indonesia from 1969 to 1981, by adjusting the standard inequality measures for the differential impact of inflation on different expenditure groups. It is shown that, once such adjustment is made, inequality increased in Indonesia between 1969 / 1970, but declined between 1976 and 1981. Adjustments are also made to the inequality indicators for urban and rural areas, and for Java and the Outer Islands. |
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