| Nama Pengarang | : | Steven R. Tabor, Klaus Altemeier, Bambang Adinugroho, Abuzar Asra, Booth, Anne, Henry Sandee, Hermine Weijland, Holly Lindsay, Lindblad, J. Thomas |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 31-51 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Aggregate agricultural commodity demand parameters are estimeted, based on an application of the Deaton and Muellbauer Almost Ideal Demand System to a seventeen year Indonesian time-series data set of prices, expenditures and consumption availability. The statistical results are generally significant and correctly signed. The revealed demand relationships imply that the Indonesian food staples are normal goods. Expenditure elasticities are higher for the higher value foodstuffs than for the lower value starchy staples. Furthermore, the demand for rice has become highly inelastic to both own and cross-price interventions. This implies that rice price interventions will require a high degree of fine-tuning in order to stabilise prices effectively, and that low urban rice prices cannot be regarded as an appropriate, or even second best policy instrument for improving nutritional status. A high degree of substitution between rice and secondary food crops, and amongst groups of secondary food crops, is identified. The significance of the cross-price elasticities for the secondary food crops suggests that single-market interventions will have non-trivial budget-mediated effects in other commodity markets. The management of a multi-commodity food policy requires that the spillover effects from commodity pricing policy must be taken into account in order to optimise the effects of price policy interventions. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 31-52 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This paper uses case studies of policy making in the Indonesian textile industry to illustrate the roles of variables neglected by the two principle theories of economic policy making, the dependency and state-centric approaches. These include political-cultural variables, intra-bureaucratic politics, and interaction between the bureaucracy and the private sector, the press and political leaders. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 53-75 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Remittances from urban informal sector earnings are an important contribution to rural income in densely populated Java. This paper examines a village economy in which a high proportion of households rely on such remittances. It analyses household income and income per capita according to whether or not households have at least one circular migrant, and by the sex and age of the household head. Remittances from short-term circular migration push many households into the middle and upper income ranges. However, the wealthiest households continue to rely on traditional high earning activities and do not depend on remittances. The poorest households are scattered among those who rely on remittances and thosestill totally dependent upon traditional low earning village activities, regardless of the sex and age of the household head. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 3-30 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The Indonesian economy in 1988 exhibited some signs of improved performance compared with 1987. That commitment to economic reform is still alive is reflected in the announcement of three major policy packages in the last quarter of 1988. Indonesians can now look to the near future with slightly more optimism. However, it is still too early to infer that Indonesia has overcome the most difficult phase of its adjustment to a world of weak oil markets. As will be shown in the first part of this survey, the improved economic performance in 1988 was not sufficient to cope with a number of difficult economic problems that have been plaguing the country in the last seven years. Moreover, Indonesia`s record in 1988 was much inferior to that of its neighbours, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand: the gap between Indonesia and these countries certainly widened during the year. A return to higher growth is, therefore, very much needed. It will be argued in the second part of this Survey that the 1989-1990 budget is not likely to provide the necessary impetus. More promising are the three reform packages which include indirect incentives to investment through freer market entry for financial institutions and shipping services. However, these reforms, too, are only partial in nature, as will be argued in the unresolved, while new ones have arisen in the wake of the `deregulation marathon` of the last three years. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 77-104 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | In this paper, the operation of national population policy is examined in a provincial context, namely North Sulawesi. Policies and performance are discussed in the areas of fertility, mortality, migration, urbanisation and development of human capital. Emphasis is placed on the need for regional planning to anticipate the effects of fertility decline and migration on population structure and on infrastructure needs. North Sulawesi`s special characteristics and its own internal diversity are seen to demand particular responses in the implementation of national policy. Some decentralisation is provided for in development planning, and regional input into the national planning process is being encouraged. However, it is argued that the benefits to be derived from the province`s success in meeting national population policy goals are largely dependent on decisions made in Jakarta on such matters as regional autonomy, finance and transportation. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | R.P. Byron, H. Takahashi, Jones, Gavin W., Djisman S. Simandjuntak, Carol B. Hetler, Makarim Wibisono |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 105-117 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The returns to education in Indonesia are analysed using Susenas data. The private sector is found to reward education more generously than the public sector, while the latter puts a premium on experience. A casual analysis suggests general sex discrimination againts female workers at any given level of education; however, once experience is allowed for, the negative sex differentials become insignificant. Finally, the general returns to education are of the order of 15-17% additional income for each additional year of schooling, which is a very high rate of return compared with other countries. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 87-120 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article is concerned with indices of export volume and prices in Indonesia from 1823 to 1940. It discusses the sources from which the quantitative information on exports is derived. Previous indices are shown and their shortcomings are considered. Next, Laspeyres quantity indices and Paasche unit value and price indices for agricultural and total exports are presented. These indices are based on fixed weights for eight sub-periods. The paper also discusses the features and shortcomings of the more sophisticated Divisia index, and conclude with some remarks on the long-term trend of exports from Indonesia. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 3-30 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The 1987/1988 financial year was relatively kind to Indonesia, as international oil price recovered from the low levels of the previous year. Buoyant market conditions, aided by the 1986 devaluation and the series of deregulations which began in 1984, led to a rapid growth of non-oil export revenues as well. Accordingly, the government ran a higher than expected surplus of domestic revenue over recurrent expenditure, and the current account deficit fell from over US$4 million in 1986/1987 to less than $2 million (Bank Indonesia, Indonesian Financial Statistics, June 1988). Although real GDP grew relatively slowly, this occurred because Indonesia cut back oil production to comply with OPEC quota. Non-oil GDP grew at almost 5% in cleander 1987. In the last few months there have been ominous signs that the current year will not be as kind. Petroleum export prices have fallen to levels well below the current budget estimate of US$ 16 per barrel. Rice production continues to grow slowly, and there are strong suggestions that imports will be needed to prevent unacceptable domestic price increases before the next harvest. Rural labour shortages in Malaysia and Thailand place Indonesia in an ideal position to increase its share of the international rubber market. However, technological change in smallholder production still seems too slow for Indonesia`s rubber industry to capitalise on its potential competitiveness, and for its exports to compensate for the decline in oil prices. Thus, it appears that othernon-oil exports will have to grow even more rapidly than last year to prevent the return of serious budgetary and balance of payments problems, unless oil prices recover. Data (available only until June) show non-oil export revenues growing at a rate similar to last year`s but more recent falls in international prices suggest that they may be unable to compensate fully for the decline in oil revenues. Another round of deregulation might provide an additional boost to these exports, but there is growing concern that the impetus for reform may have slowed down. The long-awaited financial deregulation package had not been released at the time of writing, yet it seems essential if Indonesia is to complete the transition to a more competitive, export-oriented economy (see Editorial Postscript). However, the process of reform and structural change is not painless, and poses some interesting dilemmas for Repelita V. This is illustrated most strongly in social development issues. For example, health levels in Indonesia are low by international standards. Planners are being required to reconcile a number of possibly conflicting goals, including the need to improve health, the need to exercise fiscal restraint, and the desire to reduce the government`s direct involvement in the economy. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 31-51 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Of the many foreign social scientists who have carried out fieldwork in Indonesia since the second world war, few have gone on to reach the eminence of Professor Clifford Geertz. His books, written largely on the basis of his work in Java and Bali in the 1950s, have become classics. They have inspired a vast amount of debate and subsequent research on issues as diverse as the anthropology of religion and the economics of agricultural development, both in Indonesia and in other parts of the developing world. In 1986 Professor Geertz spent six months revisiting his original fieldwork site in Pare, East Java. During a visit to Canberra in late 1987, he have the following interview to Anne Booth and Jamie Mackie. The interview began with a question on how the original decision came to be made for a group of Hardward graduate students to mount a team study of Pare in 1952. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Bies: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 53-71 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Central government funding of local expenditures under the Inpres programs is a potentially important policy instrument for redressing regional inequalities in Indonesia. This paper examines the implicit distributional objectives underlying Inpres. The scheme is modelled as the outcome of a constrained social choice problem facing the centre. An econometric model of Inpres allocations is used to identify the centre`s implicit social preferences over alternative regional distributions of consumption. Mild absolute-inequality aversion is revealed, although it is somewhat swamped by province-specific preference factors related to population size and density. No other local welfare indicators appear to influence Inpres allocations. |
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