| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Asian Survey |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 1-14 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The fallout from September 11 continued to recast U.S. relations with both Southeast and Northeast Asia. Alarm over Islamic terrorist groups such as the perpetrators of the Bali disco bombing and development of nuclear weapons by North Korea eclipsed concern with China`s relentless rise and Japan`s deepening economic morass. The Bush administration looked to the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to root out conspiratorial cells, and to South Korea, Japan, China, and Russia to pressure Pyongyang. After Bush branded North Korea as part of the "axis of evil," a conciliatory tone prevailed toward all who could help in containing the nation. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Asian Survey |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 156-166 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Philippine politics in 2002 was characterized by early maneuvering for the presidential election of 2004, which President Arroyo will be eligible to contest, and by continuing violence in the country`s troubled South. Economic indicators looked promising in the first half of the year. But the second half brought signs of a downturn on several fronts. Crippling revenue shortfalls contributed to a mounting fiscal deficit. As part of Washington`s international war on terror, Manila welcomed American troops to the southern Philippines early in 2002. Renewed Philippine-American military ties seemed to reflect long-term U.S. priorities in the region. Three issues shaped Philippine affairs in 2002: President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo`s eligibility to contest the 2004 election, ever-greater government revenue shortfalls, and American determination to use the country as a venue for strategic posturing in southeast Asia. The persistent problems of the Philippine South and continued economic sluggishness framed the ways in which these issues played out over the course of the year. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Asian Survey |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 101-112 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article surveys the key political and economic highligts of Thailand in 2002. The party of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra consolidated its power by absorbing several opposition parties, thus cementing its unassailable hold on the House of Representatives. This, in turn, gave the party the ability to legislate virtually unopposed while guaranteeing both political stability and policy continuity for the rest of the prime minister`s term. Meanwhile, the Thai economy, though still saddled with massive debt, rebounded strongly, led by robust private consumption and bolstered by loose monetary and fiscal conditions. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Asian Survey |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 41-48 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Taiwan`s streak of bad luck continued in 2002, as economic and political stagnation plagued the island. Cross-strait relations suffered from President Chen Shui-bian`s mid-summer reference to "a country on each side of the Strait," although Beijing`s sense that the long-term prospects for unification are improving permitted a moderate response. Taiwan`s domestic political scene was troubled by partisan divisions and disagreements over how best to manage an economic recession, now in its third year. By any measure-economic, political, or diplomatic-Taiwan`s misfortunes abated only slightly in 2002, while confidence in leaders and institutions continued to sink. The stock market hovered near record lows, while unemployment rates approached record highs. Overall, Taiwan`s political and economic performance remains so deficient that scholars and citizens alike are questioning whether Taiwan`s poorly designed institutions can weather the relentless storms battering the island. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Asian Survey |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 215-221 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Embroiled in a civil war for two decades, a peace process was reinitiated in Sri Lanka with international support. Has Sri Lanka finally turned the corner from war? This article argues that major progress has been made by the United National Front government in opening a dialogue with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Yet, major hurdles remain: support by the Tigers for a political solution remains conditional, they have not laid down their arms, and negotiating an agreement about the prospective political structure promises to be problematic. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Asian Survey |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 64-77 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article analyzes how political actors maneuvered and counter- maneuvered in South Korea in 2002, developing political strategy and exploiting national issues in order to position themselves for the presidential election of December 19, which dominated Korean politics throughout the year. Since public opinion polling conducted regularly by major news media had to a great extent shaped important decisions of all aspirants for daekwon (big power), the analysis focuses on explaining how the popularity of Lee Hoi-chang, Roh Moo-hyun, and Chung Mong-jun fluctuated, and how Roh finally won the presidential election. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Asian Survey |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 167-173 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | During 2002, Singapore`s government attempted to stimulate political life by encouraging debate among its backbenchers in parliament. It took steps also to revive economic competitiveness, adjusting tax incentives and targeting new industries. And it tried to perpetuate security, setting up a range of new agencies through which to deal with terrorist threats. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Asian Survey |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 15-24 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | Russia`s President Putin strengthened the presidency over the legislature, where he undermined the position of the Communists, a move that may facilitate economic reforms. He also moved against the oligarchs who control much of the economy. Putin has made the economy his main priority, but the trends are not optimistic, and a long-term improvement cannot be predicted yet. In terms of foreign policy, Putin`s turn to the West in 2001 in response to the threat of international terrorism allowed the U.S. a role in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Russia`s influence over these areas is waning, as they go their separate ways. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Asian Survey |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 198-207 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | This article focuses on three areas that dominated Pakistan during 2002. The first was the transition to democracy in October. The background to the elections and the controversies surrounding this are examined along with the main party groupings and the outcomes. Second, the article considers the tense relations with India that threatened war both in January and May. The military standoff is explained in terms of the cross-border terrorism issue. Third, the article explains that Pakistan itself was a major victim of terrorism during the year. These outrages were designed to hit out at soft Western targets and to undermine the Musharraf government. Uncertainties abounded in Pakistan throughout much of the year. These arose firstly from the military standoff with India that followed the December 13, 2001, attack on India`s Parliament; secondly, from the threat of terrorist outrages within Pakistan; and thirdly, from anxieties concerning the future of civil-military relation in the wake of the October parliamentary elections. |
| Nama Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Asian Survey |
| Volume / Nomor Edisi | : | - |
| Nomor Halaman | : | 49-63 |
| Abstraksi Narasi | : | The second half of 2002 witnessed dramatic ups and downs in North Korea`s internal, external, and inter-Korean relations. The period contrasted with the relatively quiet first half. North Korea`s shift started on the internal front with economic improvement measures unveiled on July 1. These measures were deemed extraordinary in both scope and intensity. On the external front, Pyongyang surprised the entire international community twice: on September 17, when the Japanese prime minister visited Pyongyang, and on October 17, when it was announced that North Korea had admitted to a visited U.S. envoy the existence of a uranium enrichment program for developing nuclear weapons. After this disclosure, North Korea`s external relations steadily deteriorated. The U.S. cut off its supply of heavy fuel oil to North Korea in December, and North Korea responded by removing seals and other monitoring devices installed by the International Atomic Energy Agency under the Geneva Agreed Framework. In inter-Korean relations, however, things went relatively smoothly. A number of important cooperative projects materialized, notably the connection of railways and roads, reunions of separated families, construction of the Gaeseonng Industrial Complex, and others. Overall, the future prospects for North Korea do not look promising, mainly due to the worsening external environment after the disclosure of the uranium enrichment program. Should this issue drag on, it is likely to aggravate not only North Korea`s internal and external relations but inter-Korean projects as well. |
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