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Making the Quantum Scattering of Fundamental Particles Accessible
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| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 60 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 97–99 |
| Abstrak | : | This paper shares a hands-on activity that introduces Feynman diagrams and the accompanying idea of using pictorial representations to describe the behavior of subatomic particles—specifically, for electrons and photons—in place of mathematical expressions. Built collaboratively by scientists and artists, it exemplifies a triumph of lateral thinking by highlighting the vital role Feynman diagrams have played in modern physics. While the student may initially treat this activity as a glimpse into the quantum realm, the teacher should recognize this as a demonstration of lateral thinking as an insight tool. |
Understanding the Law of Conservation of Momentum in One-Dimensional Collisions Between Two Objects Using the Velocity Space Approach
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 60 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 94–96 |
| Abstrak | : | The law of conservation of momentum is a fundamental law of nature. It states that the momentum of an isolated system is conserved. In high school or introductory-level physics courses, for simplicity, teachers and textbooks always use collisions in one dimension as the examples to introduce the concept of conservation of momentum. To solve simple problems involving one-dimensional collisions, all we need are basic algebraic manipulations. However, the relation between physical quantities, such as mass and the changes in velocity and kinetic energy, of the colliding objects is not obvious. For instance, if an object A collides with a stationary object B, what is the direction of A after the collision? Is it possible that the final velocity of A is zero in an inelastic collision? In this paper, we argue that the so-called velocity space approach can be highly effective for physics teachers in building a better understanding of the law of conservation of momentum. |
Talking Is Thinking: Supporting Student Sense-Making Through Discourse and Assessment
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 60 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 90–93 |
| Abstrak | : | Learning in the classroom is highly influenced by the experiences a teacher plans for students. Concerned that students were not achieving adequate conceptual knowledge during traditional undergraduate physics courses, the authors used the Making Sense of SCIENCE curriculum to tailor a course for 21 pre-service elementary teachers at the University of Mississippi. The organization of instruction, facilitation practices, discussion opportunities, and assessment of content are all important aspects of the learning process. We found the changes we implemented significantly impacted the learning of students enrolled in this course. |
When the Quarter Jumps into a Cup (and When It Does Not)
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 60 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 87 |
| Abstrak | : | While Bernoulli’s equation is one of the most frequently mentioned topics in physics literature and other means of dissemination, it is also one of the least understood. Oddly enough, in the wonderful book Turning the World Inside Out, Robert Ehrlich proposes a demonstration that consists of blowing a quarter coin into a cup, incorrectly explained using Bernoulli’s equation. In the present work, we have adapted the demonstration to show situations in which the coin jumps into the cup and others in which it does not, proving that the explanation presented in Ehrlich’s book based on Bernoulli’s equation is flawed. Our demonstration is useful to tackle the common misconception, stemming from the incorrect use of this equation, that higher velocity invariably means lower pressure. |
Diagnosis and Management of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
| Pengarang | : | Wenly Susanto |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 10) |
| Halaman | : | 646-650 |
| Abstrak | : | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress disorder that can disrupt social life due to cognitive and mood changes. The etiology of PTSD involves a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors, which interact to cause post-traumatic stress disorder. Biological factors such as genetics also play a role. Exposure to traumatic stressors in PTSD needs to be distinguished from ordinary stressors. According to the DSM-V, the diagnostic criteria for PTSD for adults, adolescents, and children over 6 years of age consist of criterion A (stressor), criterion B (intrusive symptoms), criterion C (avoidance symptoms), criterion D (changes in negative cognition and mood), criterion E (changes in reactivity and vigilance), criterion F (symptom duration), and criteria G and H. Diagnosis of PTSD is a challenge in medical practice. PTSD treatment consists of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Psychotherapy is considered more efective but requires a longer time commitment, so maintaining patient engagement is crucial to improving prognosis. Appropriate management can help reduce PTSD symptoms. |
The Effect of Andrographolide on the Histopathological Findings of Liver Cells in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)
| Pengarang | : | Vincent Sanjaya, Andriani, Muhammad In’am Ilmiawan |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 10) |
| Halaman | : | 642-645 |
| Abstrak | : | Andrographolide is a group of diterpene lactone isolates from the Andrographis paniculata plant with hepatoprotective properties. Andrographolide gives a hydrogen ion to pair with a free electron from a free radical to form a stable chemical compound and thus decrease liver damage. Methods: This experimental research used a post-test only with a control group design. The samples were mouse's liver (Rattus norvegicus).Twenty-four mice (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 6 groups: a normal group, a curcumin-treated group as a positive control, a carbon tetrachloride-only group as a negative control, and the treatment group with the dose an andrographolide 50 mg/kgBW group, an andrographolide 100 mg/kgBW group, and an andrographolide 200 mg/kgBW group with 4 mice in each group. Mice were induced with carbon tetrachloride on the first day, then treated with curcumin and andrographolide for 7 days. Liver organs were dissected on day 9 to prepare a specimen for assessing hepatocyte damage (necrosis and hydropic degeneration). Results: Andrographolide showed a hepatoprotective effect on hepatocyte damage after induction by CCl4. The injury score in the normal group is 16.84; the negative control group is 34.36; the positive control group is 11.48; the dose 1 group is 24.92; the dose 2 group is 19.96; and dose 3 is 19.52. In the LSD test, the 50 mg/kgBW and 100 mg/kgBW andrographolide dose groups showed significant differences in hepatocyte damage compared to the normal group. There was no significant difference in liver histopathologic injury score between the normal group and the andrographolide 200 mg/kgBW group (ANOVA, p > 0.05). Conclusion: The best hepatoprotective effect was provided by andrographolide 200 mg/kgBW because the degree of damage is similar to that in the normal group. |
Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Aromatherapy among Medical Students with Insomnia
| Pengarang | : | Mohammad Bakhriansyah, Nabilla Rizky, Sherly Limantara |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 10) |
| Halaman | : | 636-641 |
| Abstrak | : | The first line of therapy for insomnia disorders is a psychological approach and anti-insomnia drugs. One of the recommended alternative therapies is lavender aromatherapy (Lavandula angustifolia). This study aimed to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy on insomnia among medical students of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Methods: The design was a clinical trial with a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 48 students in October 2023. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling techniques, and data were collected online by Google Form. The Jakarta biological psychiatry study group questionnaire–insomnia rating scale (KSPBJ-IRS) was used to assess the level of insomnia before and after aromatherapy. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank statistical test with a 95% confidence level. Results: This study showed that before aromatherapy, 50% of subjects experienced mild and severe insomnia. After aromatherapy, 39.6% of subjects did not experience insomnia, while 56.2% and 4.2% experienced mild insomnia and severe insomnia, respectively. This relationship was statistically significant (p = 0.0005). Conclusion: These results indicate that lavender aromatherapy can significantly improve insomnia. |
Indonesias Preparedness for Polio Outbreaks
| Pengarang | : | Agnes Margareta Tanoto, Jeceline Sutarto, Helen Susanto |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 630-635 |
| Abstrak | : | Since the launch of Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988, global polio eradication eforts have succeeded in reducing polio cases by 99% and eradicated polio virus type 2 in 2015. Although Indonesia has obtained free-polio certifcation in 2014, polio outbreaks still occur. Recent polio outbreak involved circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) and vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2), highlighting weaknesses in fuctuating immunization coverage and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted routine immunization programs. The government’s response through the National Immunization Week (PIN) and the Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) strategy aims to address these outbreaks, but challenges such as logistical difculties, community education, and a shortage in human resources remain signifcant. Indonesia also faces issues in ensuring consistent immunization coverage, especially in high-risk areas like Papua; difculty of communication and challenges in reaching remote areas add complexity to the fght against polio. A holistic approach involving various sectors and stakeholders, along with enhanced communication and coordination eforts, is key to addressing the future threat of polio. Agnes Margareta Tanoto, Jeceline Sutarto, Helen Susanto. Indonesia’s Readiness to Polio Outbreak. |
Norovirus Gastroenteritis and the Development of Norovirus Vaccines
| Pengarang | : | Aribowo I Kadek, Ade Sithanaya Miyardi |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 624-629 |
| Abstrak | : | Viral gastroenteritis is responsible for millions of diarrhoea cases annually. Norovirus is currently reported to be the second leading cause of acute diarrhoea worldwide, after rotavirus, in all paediatric age groups in both developed and developing countries. Norovirus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Caliciviridae family. The largest human strain belongs to genogroup II, genotype 4 (II.4). Transmission is primarily faecal-oral with humans as the principal host; the virus itself has a very low infectious dose, persists across diverse temperatures and surfaces, and can be shed pre-symptomatically, enabling rapid spread. Clinical features include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea, with heightened dehydration risk among young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. To date, norovirus vaccine development still encountered difculties, including the complex nature of norovirus, human immune response, virus culture, and limited animal models for vaccine testing. Currently, several vaccines are still in the pre-clinical stage. Vaccine development needs to be accelerated while maximizing prevention of norovirus infection. |
ETEC Vaccine: A New Solution for Preventing Foodborne Disease
| Pengarang | : | Ninda Inayah, Fajria Shofa, Tiara Alfiattutthoyyibah, Fitria Mahrunnisa |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 619-623 |
| Abstrak | : | Diarrhea remains a leading cause of under-fve mortality globally and in Indonesia. In 2020, the mortality rate for children aged 12-59 months due to diarrhea was 4.55%. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is estimated to cause approximately 220 million episodes of diarrhea annually worldwide. ETEC vaccines are being developed to prevent the acute disease burden and long-term sequelae such as growth and cognitive impairment linked to repeated infections. Public health models suggest that an ETEC vaccine has the potential to reduce 4.2%–6.0% of deaths due to diarrhea, particularly among infants and children in low-resource settings, and decrease antibiotic use, thereby improving treatment cost efciency. This paper reviews ETEC structure and pathogenesis, clinical features, and the current vaccine pipeline focused on colonization factor (CF) antigens and LT/ST toxins. The highlighted leading candidates, including ETVAX (an oral inactivated whole-cell vaccine currently in phase 2b), and multivalent approaches targeting the most prevalent CFs, which could theoretically protect against 70%-80% of circulating disease-causing strains in at-risk populations. |