OPAC - Pencarian Artikel Jurnal & Majalah Library USD
Menampilkan semua artikel (Halaman 168 dari 34169, Total: 341690 data)
Enhancing validity in psychological research.
klik untuk membaca file PDF
| Pengarang | : | Kenny |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 74 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1018-1028 |
| Abstrak | : | Methods to increase Campbell’s (1957) internal and external validity as well as Cook and Campbell’s (1979) construct and conclusion validity are reviewed. For internal validity or valid causal inference, designs and methods to draw causal conclusions from nonrandomized studies are considered. Greater collaboration between the causal inference and structural equation modeling traditions would benefit both. For external validity, generalizing results, treating partners and studies as well as participants as random is strongly encouraged. For construct validity, particularly the psychological meaning of measures, multivariate models that treat measures from both overtime and dyadic data as being a combination of multiple constructs are discussed. For conclusion validity or valid statistical inference, the problem of low power when generalizability is high and the assumption of independence are discussed. Finding the truth in psychological research is a challenge, and seemingly insurmountable difficulties are often encountered. Nonetheless, persistent and diligent efforts using strategies developed by generations of methodologists should lead to scientific advancement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions: David A. Kenny.
| Pengarang | : | |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 74 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1015-1017 |
| Abstrak | : | The American Psychological Association Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions are presented to persons who, in the opinion of the Committee on Scientific Awards, have made distinguished theoretical or empirical contributions to basic research in psychology. David A. Kenney is a recipient of the 2019 award "for his outstanding contributions to both theory and methods for studying social perception and behavior. David A. Kenny’s work on person perception, under the general rubric of the ‘social relations model,’ has fundamentally changed the way psychologists think about and study interpersonal judgment." (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions: Dante Cicchetti.
| Pengarang | : | |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 74 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1012-1014 |
| Abstrak | : | The American Psychological Association Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions are presented to persons who, in the opinion of the Committee on Scientific Awards, have made distinguished theoretical or empirical contributions to basic research in psychology. Dante Cicchetti is a recipient of the 2019 award "for groundbreaking research and leadership that forged the integrative science of developmental psychopathology. Through extraordinary vision, prodigious publication, and inspiring mentorship, Dante Cicchetti nurtured this multidisciplinary science that bridges typical and atypical development, basic and translational research, levels of analysis from genes to relationships, and diverse disciplines concerned with human development." (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
What Aristotle didn’t know about flavor.
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 74 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1003-1011 |
| Abstrak | : | AbstractAristotle confused taste with flavor because he did not realize that chewing food releases odorants (volatiles) that rise up behind the palate and enter the nose from the rear (retronasal olfaction). When Aristotle bit into an apple, the flavor of the apple was perceptually localized to his mouth so he called it “taste.” The correct attribution of flavor to the sense of olfaction was not made until 1812, and the term retronasal olfaction did not come into common use until 1984. Recent research has focused on interactions; tastes can change the perceived intensities of retronasal olfactory sensations and vice versa. In particular, some retronasal olfactory stimuli enhance sweet taste signals in the brain. In addition to sweetening foods (and reducing dependence on sugars and artificial sweeteners), retronasal olfaction can bypass damaged taste nerves and thus perhaps restore sweetness perception in patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions: Linda M. Bartoshuk.
| Pengarang | : | |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 74 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 1000-1002 |
| Abstrak | : | The American Psychological Association Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions are presented to persons who, in the opinion of the Committee on Scientific Awards, have made distinguished theoretical or empirical contributions to basic research in psychology. Linda M. Bartoshuk is a recipient of the 2019 award "for outstanding contributions to the psychological study of human taste perception, and for advancing across-person assessments of emotional and sensory experiences. For a half-century, Linda M. Bartoshuk has been the preeminent psychological scientist of taste perception. Her many important discoveries have transformed scientific understanding of sensory processing." (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions.
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 74 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 998-999 |
| Abstrak | : | AbstractThe Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions are presented to persons who, in the opinion of the Committee on Scientific Awards, have made distinguished theoretical or empirical contributions to basic research in psychology. The 2019 recipients of the APA Scientific Contribution Awards were recognized by the 2018 Board of Scientific Affairs and selected by the 2018 Committee on Scientific Awards. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Alfred Wade Boykin, Jr. (1947–2025).
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 1091 |
| Abstrak | : | Alfred Wade Boykin passed away on January 11, 2025, at the age of 77 in Bowie, Maryland. Boykin was a passionate advocate of empirically examining Black culture and generated a large body of insightful and relevant theory and research that illuminated the psychological and cultural dynamics of Black life. Boykin’s approach centered on Black cultural capital—the psychological and cultural assets that fuel resilient and meaningful Black lives. He was particularly interested in applying his ideas to Black children in family and educational contexts— focusing on culturally driven learning styles. From 1994 to 2004, Boykin directed the Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk—a collaboration between Howard and Johns Hopkins Universities. In 2004, Boykin rebranded the Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk as the Capstone Institute and served as its executive director until retirement. In 2018, Boykin became the first Historically Black College and University professor elected to the National Academy of Education. He received the 2023 Presidential Citation from the American Psychological Association. Boykin is survived by his children, Alfred Wade Boykin, III, Esq. (Nikole) of Bowie, Maryland, and Curtis Malik Starks Boykin of Providence, Rhode Island; grandchildren Alfred Wade Boykin, IV, and Nelson King Boykin. He was preceded in death by his wife, Jacquelynn Starks, Boykin in 1990. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Ruben Ardila (1942–2025).
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 1090 |
| Abstrak | : | This article memorializes Ruben Ardila (1942–2025). He was deeply interested in theoretical questions related to the unity of psychology and offered an “experimental synthesis of behavior,” trying to combine the Skinnerian analysis with some cognitive approaches and a view of the sociohistorical reality of the person. His books, Walden Three (1979) and Experimental Synthesis of Behavior (1988), present this personal construction. Another fruit of this concern was his collaboration with Mario Bunge in Philosophy of Psychology (1987) that offers a more general approach.. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Joseph D. Matarazzo (1925–2025).
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 1088-1089 |
| Abstrak | : | Memorializes Joseph D. Matarazzo (1925–2025). Matarazzo taught at Washington University School of Medicine (1952–1955) and Harvard Medical School (1955–1957). He was then recruited to establish the first administratively autonomous department of medical psychology in the United States at the University of Oregon Medical School. As a scientist and practitioner, he was a major contributor to the advancement of psychological assessment as an art based on science, emphasizing the clinical history as equal to or more important than test results. Committed to facilitating organized psychology, Matarazzo was instrumental in founding the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers. He was also one of the principal founders and first president of the APA Division of Health Psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Hypoalbuminemia: Pathophysiology and Management
| Pengarang | : | Theresia Murniwati Situmorang |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 521-525 |
| Abstrak | : | Hypoalbuminemia is a condition of low blood albumin concentration (<3.5 g/dL). Hypoalbuminemia reflects more on the level of physiological stress caused by one or more diseases than lack of nutrition. Hypoalbuminemia is found mostly in inpatient, critically-ill, and geriatric patients. Hypoalbuminemia causes poor functional state, longer hospitalization, and higher morbidity and mortality. The three most common causes of hypoalbuminemia are: (1) Decreased production of albumin, (2) Increased loss of albumin via the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, skin, or extravascular space, and (3) Increased catabolism of albumin. Management of hypoalbuminemia is to find the underlying disease, and oral or parenteral supplementation of albumin. Parenteral albumin administration is recommended in specific conditions, such as patients with cirrhosis undergoing large-volume paracentesis (ascites >5 liters), hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and burns involving more than 30% of total body surface area after the first 24 hours. In patients with sepsis, acute respiratory failure, major non-cardiac surgery, or cardiac surgery, parenteral albumin may be considered when hemodynamic stability cannot be achieved with crystalloids. Conversely, parenteral albumin administration is not recommended as maintenance fluid or initial resuscitation in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. |