OPAC - Pencarian Artikel Jurnal & Majalah Library USD
Menampilkan semua artikel (Halaman 170 dari 34169, Total: 341690 data)
Accuracy in amicus curiae briefs and in commentaries: Reply to Cobb et al. (2025), Dvoskin et al. (2025), and Kovera (2025).
klik untuk membaca file PDF
| Pengarang | : | Monaghan |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 999-1000 |
| Abstrak | : | In this reply to commentaries, we argue that amicus briefs should identify when findings are based on simulation studies, clarify that we did not propose that American Psychological Association amicus briefs must be perfect, and refute notions that our coding was opaque or that following legal (i.e., Bluebook) style absolves psychologists from following American Psychological Association standards. We agree with the commentary by Cobb et al. (2025) that citation inaccuracies are a threat to our discipline’s integrity that can, and should, be reduced. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
The translation of psychological science for the public good: Commentary on Marcus et al. (2025).
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 997-998 |
| Abstrak | : | Marcus et al. (2025) code the accuracy of the citations to empirical research contained in 16 amicus curiae briefs submitted by the American Psychological Association (APA). Based on their findings that these APA briefs contained citations that they deemed partly or wholly inaccurate, the authors made recommendations that APA adopt strategies to reduce miscitations in their briefs. However, their application of a coding scheme developed for evaluating the accuracy of citations for the scientific literature to an applied context without modifications that reflect the differences between those two contexts inflated the proportion of citations the authors coded as partially accurate. Although the citations in APA briefs may not be perfect, the briefs themselves have served the important function of bringing psychological science to the attention of the courts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Citation accuracy, misinformation, and harmless error in American Psychological Association amicus curiae briefs: Commentary on Marcus et al. (2025).
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 994-996 |
| Abstrak | : | Based on a review of 16 recently submitted amicus curiae briefs by the American Psychological Association (APA) to the Supreme Court of the United States and other important courts, Marcus et al. (2025) strongly suggest that these briefs contain a significant number of inaccurate citations. They argue that these miscitations (a) misinform the court about important psychological findings, (b) could lead to significant injustice and harm, and (c) jeopardize the reputation of the APA vis-à-vis the courts and public. In this commentary, while acknowledging that inaccurate citations should be corrected, we take issue with (a) the manner in which Marcus et al. coded APA’s amicus curiae briefs, (b) the significance of the problems created by these miscitations, and (c) the authors’ misunderstanding of courts’ review and use of amicus curiae briefs in judicial decision making. In the end, while agreeing there might be a need for additional review to prevent inaccurate citation in amicus curiae briefs, we argue that most of the inaccurate citations are likely harmless errors with little effect on APA’s reputation or court decisions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Why citation accuracy matters in psychological science: A commentary on Marcus et al. (2025) and call to the field.
| Pengarang | : | Cobb |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 992-993 |
| Abstrak | : | Marcus et al. (2025) examined the prevalence of miscitation in amicus curiae (“friend of the court”) briefs provided by the American Psychological Association (APA) to courts for the purpose of informing them about relevant scientific findings that may help guide decisions on legal cases. They found that 7% of citations in amicus briefs completely misrepresented prior research, and another 20% omitted key qualifiers of study findings. The purpose of the present commentary was to discuss miscitation in the context of amicus briefs, as well as in the broader context of psychological science. We argue that miscitation represents a potentially serious and questionable research practice that has implications for the field, as well as for applied extensions of psychology. Ultimately, it will be up to psychological scientists and the APA to prevent potentially harmful outcomes associated with miscitation by taking steps to ensure that prior work is accurately cited and reported. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Citation accuracy in American Psychological Association amicus curiae briefs.
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | American Psychologist |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 80 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 979-991 |
| Abstrak | : | For over 60 years, the American Psychological Association (APA) has submitted amicus curiae (friend of the court) briefs with the aim of informing the courts about relevant scientific findings that may otherwise be absent from, or misrepresented in, the trial records of court cases. To achieve this aim, it is important that the summarized information accurately reflects the relevant scientific literature. The present study investigated the accuracy of the citations to empirical research in the 16 most recent APA amicus briefs by comparing the accuracy of the citing claims within these briefs to the original claims made in the cited articles. Case topics included false confessions, affirmative action, eyewitness testimony, child welfare, child custody, abortion, gender-affirming care, and sexual orientation change efforts. These briefs yielded 507 citations to empirical studies that were coded by pairs of independent coders. Results indicated that 72.8% of citations were accurate, 20.3% were somewhat accurate, and 6.9% were inaccurate. APA amicus briefs have been cited in a number of landmark rulings and have the potential to enhance the public welfare and the reputation of psychological science. It is, however, imperative that APA works to minimize miscitations in these briefs. We offer a set of recommendations for ways to reduce the number of miscitations in APA amicus briefs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) |
Malaria Cases in Children in 2019 and 2022 at Moru Community Health Center, Alor District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
| Pengarang | : | Ali Susanto Sanusi, Bethseba Brontang Pulinggomang |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 507-511 |
| Abstrak | : | Malaria is an infection transmitted through mosquitoes infected by the Plasmodium parasite, with symptoms such as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia. Based on the data from Indonesian Basic National Health Survey (RISKESDAS) 2018, malaria prevalence in East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP) is the top 3 with a 2% positivity rate with blood tests. Alor district, as a part of ENTP, also an endemic area for malaria and was categorized as a mid-endemic area based on Annual Report of the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2022. We conducted this study to describe the characteristics of malaria patients, especially in children in Moru Community Health Center (CHC), Alor District, Indonesia. Methods: This descriptive study used data reported on the Malaria Surveillance Information System (SISMAL) from 2019 and 2022. Parameters evaluated in sex, age, type of infection, blood test type, case finding, monthly cases, and area of transmission. Results: There were 33 cases (19,5%) in 2019 and 136 cases (80,5%) in 2022, 46 cases were infected by P. falciparum, 78 by P. vivax, and 45 cases were mixed infections from both plasmodium. Conclusion: Malaria cases in this study increased in April, May, and June, the type of infection was dominated by P. vivax, and most of the infected area was in the Fanating subdistrict. |
Role of Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (eFAST) in Thoracic and Abdominal Trauma Patients
| Pengarang | : | Liem Marcella Nathania |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 501-506 |
| Abstrak | : | Trauma is the biggest cause of death in young people. Among these traumas, 80% are blunt traumas, mostly to the thorax and abdomen. Blunt trauma can cause bleeding, which increases mortality. Prompt intervention can reduce mortality. eFAST (extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma) is a bedside ultrasound examination indicated for abdominal and thoracic trauma patients, which is limited to 4 examination windows in the abdomen to evaluate for hemoperitoneum, hemothorax, and pericardial effusion. The eFAST examination uses ultrasound equipment that is widely available in the emergency department and can be performed bedside, making it less time-consuming. eFAST has a high sensitivity and specificity, which is helpful in its role as a screening modality. The eFAST examination has many advantages, such as ease of use, being noninvasive, being fast, being easy to find, and not using radiation or contrast material, making it safe for children and pregnant women, and being inexpensive. The eFAST examination is important for the diagnosis of thoracoabdominal trauma, as it enables rapid screening. |
Effectiveness of Color Vision Aids and Devices for Color Blind Patients
| Pengarang | : | Petra Irfanya, Antonia Kartika |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 497-500 |
| Abstrak | : | Color blindness, or color vision deficiency, is an eye condition that can reduce quality of life. Tinted contact lenses have been researched as a potential tool for correcting color blindness. Methods: This review aims to identify the effectiveness of color blindness aids and devices for patients with color vision deficiency as an alternative to enhance their quality of life. Article searches were conducted through electronic databases Google Scholar and PubMed using the keywords “color vision deficiency device,” “color blindness device,” and “color vision deficiency management.” Inclusion criteria included articles published between 2018-2023, full texts, writing in English, alignment of titles with abstracts, and validity of research methods. Results: The literature search yielded 98 articles; 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of these 8 articles showed that color blindness devices and aids provide subjective new color perception and interpretation for color-blind individuals, but the objective effectiveness of these tools was not significant. Conclusion: The importance of public awareness of color blindness and the importance of developing more effective color-blind tools and devices. Further research is needed to develop color blindness devices and aids. |
Statin Efficacy in the Management of Graves Ophthalmopathy
| Pengarang | : | Maria Vania Tri Ekaputri, Megawati Tanu |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 490-496 |
| Abstrak | : | Graves’ ophthalmopathy (OG) is an ocular manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disease. The inflammation and tissue remodeling of OG can cause mild to severe symptoms that can damage the nerves in the eye and lead to blindness. Early identification of diagnosis, classification of activity and severity of the disease, and risk factors for the disease are crucial. Those steps can support comprehensive further management to prevent severe and permanent damage. The complex interactions between endogenous (unmodifiable), exogenous (modifiable), and environmental factors play as risk factors for OG development. Hypercholesterolemia which is also caused by long-term systemic inflammation is one of the risk factors associated with OG. Hypercholesterolemia can be treated by administering statin. Beside it’s role in lowering cholesterol level, statins have preventive and therapeutic effects especially in patient with active moderate to severe OG. Statin also have pleiotropic effects, act as immunoregulator, inhibiting |
Effect of Smoking on the Incidence of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Evidence based Case Report
| Pengarang | : | Faiqueen Dhia Salsabila Firlana Adnan, Edelyne Chelsea, Adhimukti Tathyahita Sampurna |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 484-489 |
| Abstrak | : | Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most prevalent skin cancer in the world. The correlation between smoking and cutaneous SCC is still inconclusive. Methods: Further investigation through literature search was conducted in 3 databases, which were PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. The investigators also conducted hand searching by examining references in each acquired article. Selection of articles is based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Critical appraisal used instruments from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and the CASP checklist. Results: All four selected articles show that smokers have a higher risk of cutaneous SCC with OR 1.08 to 2.96. Conclusion: Smoking increases the risk of cutaneous SCC. |