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Total Phenolic Concentration and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extract of Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii L.)
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| Pengarang | : | |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 293-296 |
| Abstrak | : | Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L.) are plants that naturally grow in the Indian subcontinent, except at the peak of the Himalayan mountains, which in their development have spread widely to various corners of the world. Traditionally, curry leaves have been used by people as medicine. However, it is now known that this plant contains carbazole alkaloid compounds and polyphenols that have antioxidant activity. This is very useful for controlling free radical levels in the human body so that they remain within reasonable limits. This is very useful for controlling the levels of free radicals in the human body to stay within reasonable limits. Free radicals are produced by normal cell metabolism which has recently been associated with the pathophysiology of various diseases. Methods: This in vitro research was to determine phenolic content and antioxidant potential in methanol extract of curry leaves. Total phenolic content testing used the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed by Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE). Total antioxidant capacity testing used the DPPH method and Trolox as a comparison solution. Results: The total antioxidant capacity is expressed in the form of IC50. The total phenolic content of curry leaf methanol extract was 4007.78 μg/mL or equivalent to 133.59 mg GAE/g DW and the total antioxidant capacity of curry leaf methanol extract was 37.418 μg/mL. Conclusion: The total phenolic content of curry leaf methanol extract is high (>5 mg GAE/g). Correspondingly, the total antioxidant capacity of curry leaf methanol extract is also classified as very strong (<150 µg/mL). |
The Anti-hypercholesterolemic Effects of Cnidosculus aconitifolius Leaf Ethanol Extracts on The Formation of Coronary Artery Atherosclerotic Lesions in Atherogenic Diet-Fed Male Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
| Pengarang | : | Ni Ketut Rake Putri Saraswati, Ida Sri Iswari, I Wayan Juli Sumadi |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 287-292 |
| Abstrak | : | Introduction: Foods high in cholesterol increase the production of free radicals and inflammation, and may also trigger the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Cnidosculus aconitifolius or tree spinach leaves were known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was to determine the effect of Cnidosculus aconitifolius on blood cholesterol level and coronary artery atherosclerotic lesions formation using a rat model. Methods: A randomized post-test-only control group of 30 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2-3 months, randomly divided into 3 groups: standard control was given regular food; negative control was given an atherogenic diet; and the treatment group was given an atherogenic diet + Cnidosculus aconitifolius leaf ethanol extracts. The treatment lasted 44 days. Data was analyzed with OneWay ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The total cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the control group (p<0.001). A decrease of atherosclerotic lesion scores in the treatment group compared to the control (p=0.010) was also observed. Conclusion: Cnidosculus aconitifolius leaf ethanol extracts have an anti-hypercholesterolemic effect, hence the potential to prevent the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries of hypercholesterolemic Wistar rats. |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) with Hypertensive Crisis in Pregnancy Case Report
| Pengarang | : | Novierta Prima Kusumandaru, Calcarina Fitriani |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 262-266 |
| Abstrak | : | Although SLE prevalence lacks specific Indonesian data, it predominantly affects women of childbearing age. Case: A 24-yearold pregnant woman with a history of SLE experienced worsening shortness of breath, leg swelling, and fatigue since her second month of pregnancy. Hospital admission revealed severe hypertensive crisis, active SLE affecting kidneys, joints, skin, congestive heart failure, and anemia. She underwent rigorous medical treatments and ICU monitoring. Discussion: SLE affects multiple organs. Careful management and monitoring are required during pregnancy for maternal and fetal well-being. Conclusion: Pregnant women with SLE may encounter various pregnancy-related complications. Effective and comprehensive management is vital to achieve favorable outcomes |
Acute Symptomatic Covert Abdomen in Acute Heart Failure Patients: Early Identification with Emergency Ultrasound
| Pengarang | : | Hari Adityo Nugroho, Ari Prasetyadjati, Willy Johan |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 258-261 |
| Abstrak | : | The use of USG (ultrasonography) in the ED (emergency department) has grown rapidly to aid decisions on management. Case: A 71-year-old woman with a history of heart disease, in shock condition, fever for 2 days, and diarrhea was referred with diagnosis of cardiogenic shock. On physical examination there were no signs of an acute abdomen, with suspicion of sepsis. Chest x-ray and urine examination did not find signs of infection. During treatment, consciousness and vital signs worsened; abdominal ultrasound showed signs of acute abdomen which was confirmed by 2-position abdominal x-ray. Discussion: In this case, the final diagnosis was septic shock with cardiogenic shock due to secondary peritonitis due to perforated viscous organ and electrolyte imbalance (mild hyponatremia and hypochloremia), altered mental state and geriatric problem. Surgery was not possible due to the patient’s condition. The patient succumbed on the 2nd day of treatment. Conclusion: Bedside ultrasound examination helps to establish an earlier diagnosis in patients especially with atypical symptoms and may be the key to providing better medical decisions in the ED. |
Secondary Syphilis Coinfection of HIV and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Allergy to Penicillin
| Pengarang | : | Laura Nanda Prameswari, Nadya Wulandari Alshanti, Ayik Rochyatul Jannah |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 253-257 |
| Abstrak | : | Syphilis infection could occur simultaneously with other diseases such as TB and HIV. Case: A 24-year-old male with red spots on his hands, body, and feet for 2 weeks without pain, itching, nor burning sensation. Physical examination revealed multiple erythematous polymorphic scaly macules with clear borders, size 0.5-1 cm, accompanied by scuama. VDRL titer 1:16, and TPHA titer 1:320. The patient was also tested positive for HIV and TB. The patient was allergic to benzathine penicillin G, so the patient was given alternative syphilis therapy doxycycline 2x100 mg for 14 days. He was clinically improved and VDRL titers decreased. Conclusion: Screening for other infectious diseases such as HIV and TB is necessary in syphilis cases due to the high incidence of co-infection with other diseases. |
Diagnosis and Management of Graves Disease
| Pengarang | : | Eric Ricardo Yonatan |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 247-252 |
| Abstrak | : | Graves disease is the primary cause (60%-80%) of hyperthyroidism. The risk factors include genetic, environmental, and immunological aspects, with a higher prevalence in women. The diagnosis is based on medical history and physical examination, supported by Wayne index, as well as appropriate diagnostic tests including thyroid function tests, antibody testing, thyroid scan, or color-doppler ultrasonography. Treatment options include anti-thyroid medication, radioactive iodine treatment (RAI), and surgery. Complications include Graves’ ophthalmopathy, thyroid dermopathy, cardiovascular effects, and thyroid crisis. The prognosis depends on the likelihood of remission and relapse, with remission being more common in adults than in children. |
Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children
| Pengarang | : | Agus Indra Yudhistira Diva Putra, Luh Putu Winansari Ratih, Veronica Lily Limantara, Anira Rema Aurelya, Komang Sutama Arta, Erick Kusuma Tandiono |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 241-246 |
| Abstrak | : | Gastroesophageal reflux is common in adult population but mostly underdiagnosed in pediatric population. Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in children is difficult and may masquerade as other gastrointestinal disease. This review discusses the management of gastroesophageal reflux in children especially in primary health care center to facilitate initial treatment and referral as needed. |
Diagnosis and Management of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
| Pengarang | : | Veronica Winda Soesanto, Billy Jonathan |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 236-240 |
| Abstrak | : | Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a cardiac disorder with shortness of breath as the main symptom but often late diagnosed due to resemblance to normal condition of late gestation. The causes of peripartum cardiomyopathy are multifactorial including ages, races, genetics, and preeclampsia. Peripartum cardiomyopathy needs early diagnosis and appropriate management to reduce the risk of cardiac complications and to improve the quality of life for both mother and child. |
Diagnosis and Management of Pneumothorax
| Pengarang | : | Harits Hammam Adhadi |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 230-235 |
| Abstrak | : | Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural cavity, space between visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pneumothorax is a respiratory emergency that can be life-threatening and requires immediate treatment. Diagnosis is based on the history, physical examination and chest x-ray or CT scan. Management aims to remove air from the pleural cavity and prevent recurrence. |
Application of Predictive Models for Tuberculous Meningitis Outcome: A Comparative Analysis of Decision Tree and Logistic Regression Approaches
| Pengarang | : | Ferrdy Pratama Wijaya, Arthur H.P. Mawuntu, Sarah Muharomah, Melke J. Tumboimbela , F.L. Fredrik G. Langi |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 221-229 |
| Abstrak | : | Tuberculous meningitis remains one of the most severe complications of tuberculosis infection. This study evaluated critical factors influencing mortality among tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients and compared the predictive efficacies of logistic regression and decision tree models. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis using medical records from 65 TBM patients at R.D. Kandou Hospital from January 2018 to July 2021. Patient outcomes were assessed with the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), and the mortality risk was calculated. Key predictors of mortality identified by both multivariate logistic regression and the decision tree were compared using the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Result: Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified SGOT levels at admission (aOR: 1.06; CI95% 1.02-1.09; p=0.001), length of stay (aOR: 0.81; CI95% 0.71-0.92; p=0.002), and positive nuchal rigidity (aOR: 41.78; CI95% 3.41-512.27; p=0.004) as significant predictors of mortality. Decision tree analysis highlighted the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) stage, temperature, and potassium levels below 4.3 as critical predictors. Both models showed comparable predictive performance on the ROC curve, with no significant difference (0.85 vs. 0.95; p = 0.074). Conclusion: These results suggest that decision tree analysis is a viable alternative to logistic regression for predicting mortality in TBM patients, providing complementary insights into outcome-related factors. Further research is needed to refine these predictive models. |