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The Effect of Refractive Status on Near Stereopsis in School-age Children
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| Pengarang | : | I Nyoman Surya Ari Wahyudi, Lely Retno Wulandari, Nanda Wahyu Anandita, Anny Sulistiyowati |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 155-161 |
| Abstrak | : | This study aims to evaluate the effect of refractive status on near stereopsis function among school-age children. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study in 13 orphanages in Malang city with 334 respondents. Visual acuity (VA) and inter-eye line difference were measured using LogMAR of LVRC chart. Refractive status was determined using spherical equivalent (SE) of autorefractometer, classified into emmetropia, myopia and hypermetropia (low, moderate, and high). Near stereopsis was measured using TNO and Butterfly test in arcsecond and completion time also calculated. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman test. Results: There were significant differences of refractive status and inter-eye line difference to both TNO and butterfly score and time (p<0.05). The group with more severe refractive status and more inter-eye line difference in VA have lower stereopsis score and longer completion time. There were no differences between the age group to both TNO and butterfly score and time (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between TNO and butterfly test (p<0.05, r= 0.365). Conclusion: There is a significant difference of refractive status and inter-eye line difference on near stereopsis function in school-aged children. Stereopsis test may be beneficial for screening of refractive disorder. |
Antibacterial Activity of Face Scrub Preparation of Ethanol Extract of Amis-amisan Leaf (Houttuynia cordata Thunb) against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria
| Pengarang | : | Muhammad Ryan Radix Rahardhian, Fatia Nur Isna Rahmawati |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 3) |
| Halaman | : | 147-154 |
| Abstrak | : | Houttuynia cordata Thunb leaves contain secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and physical characteristics of face scrub formulations containing ethanol extract of H. cordata leaves at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% against Staphylococcus aureus using the diffusion method. Methods: The study also assessed the effectiveness of 96% ethanol as a solvent for extraction using the maceration method, conducted phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis, and physical characterization of the formulations. Result: The extraction process yielded 57.07 grams of extract with a percentage yield of 28.53%. Phytochemical screening and TLC analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. Antibacterial activity was demonstrated by the average inhibition zone diameters of the face scrub formulations, which were 1.127 cm, 1.282 cm, and 1.460 cm for extract concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Physical evaluations, including homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and irritation tests, showed that all formulations met the required physical standards. The face scrub formulation with 30% extract concentration exhibited the best antibacterial activity against S. aureus while meeting the required physical characteristics. Conclusion: This study evaluates the antibacterial activity and characteristics of face scrub preparations based on ethanol extract of amis-amisan leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. The study shows that the extract of amis-amisan leaves contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids, which have the potential to provide antibacterial effects. |
Optimizing Quality Standards in Pharma 4.0 by Implementing Quality Behaviors for Excellence in the Digital Era
| Pengarang | : | Steffen Thomas, Rusli Ananta |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 136-139 |
| Abstrak | : | The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a significant transformation with the emergence of the Pharma 4.0 concept, driven by technological advancements such as the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and robotic production systems (continuous manufacturing). One crucial aspect of this transformation is the need for strong data integrity (DI) to ensure the data reliability and security related to pharmaceutical product quality. In the era of Pharma 4.0, performance data from the pharmaceutical industry can be integrated to support real-time decision-making, the presence of DI is crucial to protect consumers and comply with industry regulations. The ALCOA+ principle is used to ensure the integrity of data throughout its lifecycle, including identification, sustainability, and availability of data. Quality behavior is needed to enhance self-awareness in the 4.0 transformation, especially with the increasing focus on cybersecurity and the rising number of data integrity cases, particularly in implementing the ALCOA+ principle. Quality behavior becomes crucial in addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by the Pharma 4.0 transformation and in maintaining data integrity in pharmaceutical industry. |
Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Diabetic Foot Evaluation
| Pengarang | : | Ronald Kartika, Kris Herawan Timotius |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 130-135 |
| Abstrak | : | Diabetic foot disease requires serious management due to the risk of amputation. Microvascular abnormalities increase the risk of amputation by impairing blood flow, slowing wound healing, and increasing the risk of infection. Methods: Systematic review of the clinical potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for identification of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) concomitant with diabetic (DM) microangiopathy. Systematic literature search through PubMed BMC Central published in 2018-April 2024. Discussion: NIRS can provide clues such as prediction of recovery time, deoxygenation of peripheral blood, oxygen consumption (VO2), tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), total hemoglobin (HbT), and oxyhemoglobin area under the curve (O2 HbAUC). NIRS has the potential to help predict wound healing especially in diabetic patients with symptoms masked by peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion: NIRS can assess the effectiveness of treatment and prevent worsening PAD in diabetic foot. |
Mortality Prognosis of Tuberculosis Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
| Pengarang | : | Kemal Akbar Suryoadji, Ahmad Fauzi, Alifaturrasyid Syafaatullah Ridwan, Abdul Hafiidh Surya Putra, Wismandari Wisnu |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 125-129 |
| Abstrak | : | Indonesia ranks 3rd in tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world, and data from the Ministry of Health in 2020 showed that 10%-15% of TB sufferers had diabetes mellitus (DM). TB is one of the important causes of death, and DM affects the immune system which can increase the severity and mortality of the disease. This evidence-based case report was conducted to examine the mortality risk of tuberculosis patients with DM comorbidity. Methods: An article search was conducted to answer research questions based on 3 databases: PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect with the keywords “((Tuberculosis) AND (DM type 2) AND (Mortality))”. The search was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and a critical review was conducted according to the guidelines for prognostic studies. Result: Tuberculosis patients with type 2 DM comorbidities have a 1.51 times higher risk of mortality compared to tuberculosis patients without type 2 DM comorbidities. Conclusion: Study by Huangfu, et al, (2019) can be the best choice to answer the clinical question that the risk of death of tuberculosis patients with comorbid DM increases by 1.51 times compared to patients without DM. |
Kadar Fibrinogen Plasma sebagai Faktor Prognostik Karsinoma Hepatoseluler
| Pengarang | : | Abdul Jafar Sidik, Wandy Ridayanto |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 121-124 |
| Abstrak | : | This article aims to determine the role of plasma fibrinogen level as a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Method: A structured literature review will be conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, according to the selected clinical questions. Literature selection was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The three selected literature were then critically appraised using criteria that included validity, importance, and applicability. Discussion: The three kinds of literature in this article all state that high plasma fibrinogen levels correlate with poor overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Conclusion: Plasma fibrinogen levels may act as a prognostic factor for overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. |
Heart Failure due to Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy in Young Men
| Pengarang | : | Rizky Darmawan |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 116-120 |
| Abstrak | : | Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is cardiomyopathy caused by consuming large amounts of alcohol. Diagnosis is determined based on alcohol consumption’s history, clinical, and supporting data. Case: Male, 29 years old, came with shortness of breath especially when walking, lying down, and waking-up at night. The patient has been consuming 4 bottles of “Flores wine”/day for the past 14 years. Physical examination showed BP 124/93, pulse 101 x/min, RR 24 x/min, left apex and parasternal area systolic murmur, basal rhonchi, and edema of both feet. Electrocardiography showed RAD, RAE, LBBB, and LVH. Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly and minimal pleural effusion. Laboratory examination showed SGOT 986.2 U/L, SGPT 448.3 U/L, and electrolyte imbalance. TTE results showed global hypokinetics, all cardiac chambers dilatation, reduced LV systolic function (EF 21.6%), severe TR, and moderate-severe MR. Angiography results showed no stenosis in all coronary arteries. MRI result is similar to TTE without late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Therapy given according to guided-directed medical therapies (GDMT). Conclusion: ACM is cardiomyopathy with highly variable objective findings. In-depth history regarding alcohol consumption is crucial and other possible causes must be excluded. |
Alcohol Induced Hypoglycemia in Patient with Suspected Chronic Liver Dysfunction A Case in Remote Area
| Pengarang | : | Berlan Chandra, Widhyanto P. Adhy, Jeffren Bulan |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 113-115 |
| Abstrak | : | Alcohol has profound effects on glucose metabolism. Alcohol-induced hypoglycemia is rare in healthy individuals with good glycogen reserve, but may be life-threatening in individuals with silent chronic liver dysfunction, due to liver inability to manage glucose uptake. A 39-year-old male was admitted to the emergency room with sudden convulsion after taking local alcoholic beverages. A very low blood glucose level and significantly elevated liver enzyme levels were detected. The patient was stable after 3 days of intensive care without repeated phase of hypoglycemia. |
Pleural Effusion and Ascites in Child with Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Its Management
| Pengarang | : | Asterisa Retno Putri, Runi Arumndari, Claudia Natasha Liman, Anak Agung Made Sucipta |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 106-112 |
| Abstrak | : | Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is caused by dengue virus type 1-4; it is still endemic in Indonesia. Case: A 1 year and 11 months--old baby-girl with fever, lethargic, nausea and vomiting, and thrombocytopenia. She was diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Pleural effusion and ascites were diagnosed after fluid resuscitation. Clinical improvement was observed after furosemide therapy and could be discharged after seven days of treatment. Conclusion: Diuretic administration can be considered in case of dengue haemorrhagic fever with severe plasma leakage. Further research is needed. |
Manifestation of Pulmonary Abnormalities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
| Pengarang | : | Yessi Apriance, Roza Kurniati, Fauzar |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 52 (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 100-105 |
| Abstrak | : | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with a very dynamic course and various clinical manifestations. With respiratory tract involvement in 50%-70% of patients, pulmonary disorders are one of the causes of the high morbidity and mortality in SLE patients. The high mortality in SLE patients with pulmonary disorders contribute to patients' survival with a hazard ratio of 3.13. This article discusses the manifestations of pulmonary disorders in SLE patients. |