OPAC-Artikel dan Majalah USD Library

Abstrak: One of the components of Management Control System is reward and punishment system. It can be given to individuals in the form of financial and non- financial. In some studies, it is proven that non-financial reward and punishment have big impact in supporting financial reward and punishment; to increase motivation and performance of individuals within organization. The combination of these rewards and punishment, and the organization structure where they are given to is essential issue in designing effective reward and punishment system in SPM This paper outlines the importance of non-financial reward and punishment system in supporting financial reward and punishment system. With the focus on its implementation in multilevel marketing business, this paper describes how these two kinds of reward and punishment system can be given by two different organizations in order to achieve the same goals. This concept is modeled in Interorganizational Control concept which is regarded as a development in conventional reward and punishment system in SPM

Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit karena virus Dengue (DENV) yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Ae. albopictus. Faktor–faktor lingkungan, khususnya iklim, sangat berpengaruh pada sebaran dan kejadiannya, yang mungkin juga terjadi di Kota Bandar Lampung. Data jumlah kasus DBD per bulan selama 7 tahun (2006 – 2012) diambil dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Lampung, sedangkan data iklim (curah hujan, hari hujan, temperatur udara, dan kelembapan udara) didapatkan dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear untuk mengetahui faktor iklim yang mempengaruhi kejadian DBD. Diketahui pada musim hujan periode bulan Januari – April, tidak ada unsur iklim yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian DBD. Pada musim kemarau periode bulan Mei – Oktober, kelembapan udara merupakan faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian DBD. Meningkatnya 1 poin kelembapan akan meningkatkan kejadian DBD sebanyak 4 kasus [koefisien regresi (β) = 3,847; p = 0,035]. Pada musim hujan periode bulan November – Desember, curah hujan merupakan faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian DBD. Meningkatnya 1 kejadian DBD dapat terjadi pada meningkatnya curah hujan sebanyak 2,98 mm3 [(β) = 0,335; p = 0,023]. Pada setiap musim terdapat perbedaan unsur iklim yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian DBD di Kota Bandar Lampung

Abstrak: The study of skin whitening products effectiveness has been conducted. The products contained citric acid as whitening agent, and formulated in gel bases with three different humectants,ie. propylene glycol, sorbitol, and glycerol, respectively. In spite of their performances, viscosity, and pH, the release of citric acid from the gel was also determined as a parameter of their effectiveness. These were performed with modificated instrument of Transdermal Delivery System Apparatus (USP 23). Analysis of the data was performed by Higuchi's formula, and then the coefficient permeability on the gel base with different humectant were calculated. The result showed that the flux value of citric acid release and the cellophane membrane coefficient permeability of citric acid from the gels containing glycerol were the highest, followed with those containing propylene glycol and sorbitol respectively.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan, produktivitas dan rendemen minyak kelapa sawit yang ditanam pada dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada empat lokasi penelitian dengan ketinggian tempat 50, 368, 693 dan 865 m dpl yang berada di wilayah Sumatera Utara. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok menggunakan kelapa sawit jenis tenera pada kelompok tanaman muda yang berumur 7 – 8 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit di dataran tinggi yang meliputi panjang rachis, indeks luas daun, bobot kering daun, tinggi tanaman, volume batang dan bobot kering batang memiliki nilai lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanaman kelapa sawit di dataran rendah. Produktivitas tertinggi mencapai 28,5 ton TBS/ha/tahun pada penanaman kelapa sawit di ketinggian 368 m dpl. Rendemen minyak tertinggi 25,9% dicapai pada ketinggian tempat 50 m dpl. Kandungan karoten tertinggi 590,8 ppm dan nilai indeks panen tertinggi 0,39 dicapai oleh tanaman kelapa sawit di dataran rendah dengan ketinggian 368 m dpl.

Abstrak: Objective: To review the interest in the use of natural tooth brushes as environment friendly and cheap tool for dental care and oral hygiene. Methods: The role of natural tooth brushes obtained from Gum Arabic tree, Meswak, Banyan, Neem, Apple, Mangosteen, Licorice, Olive, etc. versus modern tothbrushes in controlling oral microbial flora were reviewed from available literature.Result: Natural toothbrushes reported dental protection similar to modern toothbrushes. They are more ecological in its life-cycle, lower cost (0-16% of the cost of a toothbrush). They require no tooth paste, maintenance and can combat bad breath.Conclusion: Using Natural toothbrushes will be more beneficial to our oral hygiene than modern brushing techniques in controlling oral microbial flora.

Abstrak: The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA) increases restrictions on private litigation for securities fraud. We examine stock price reactions on legislative-event-related days of firms in four high-litigation-risk industries. Two other studies on this issue, Spiessand Tkac (1997) (ST) and Johnson et al. (2000) (JKN), conclude that shareholders considered PSLRA beneficial. While we find largely similar daily abnormal returns for event-related days that they examine, we present evidence that the timing of multiple confounding events makes the interpretation of these daily returns ambiguous. Results from additional analyses beyond those conducted by ST and JKN (market price reversal tests, analysis of additional legislative-event-related days, cumulative abnormal returns over the legislative period, and analysis of other events affecting investors'ability to bring securities-related lawsuits), are largely inconsistent with their interpretation, suggesting instead that share-holders in the four high-litigation-risk industries react negatively on average to PSLRA's restrictions on their ability to bring securities-related lawsuits.

Abstrak: This paper presents a model in which a firm's owner, an auditor, and outside investors strategically interact. The owner's investment in the quality of the firm's internal control system and the auditor's effort jointly affect the invormativeness of the auditors report on the firm’s financial statements. lf the auditor's legal liability to investors is large, then anefficiency loss arises because the owner underinvests in the internal control system and the auditor overinvests effort. On the other hand, if the liability is small, then an efficiency loss arises from the owner's overinvestment and the auditor's underinvestment. Regulators can improve allocative efficiency by changing the auditor's legal liability. However, in our model, it is impossible to completely eliminate the efficiency loss by changing the auditor's liability alone, because no damage award can induce both the owner and auditor to make socially optimal investments in the internal control system and audit effort.  We also interpret recent changes in the regulatory environment in the context of our model.

Abstrak: Using the simplest possible quantum system—the qubit—the fundamental concepts of quantum physics can be introduced. This highlights the common features of many different physical systems, and provides a unifying framework when teaching quantum physics at the high school or introductory level. In a previous TPT article and in a separate paper posted online, we introduced catchy visualizations of thequbit based on the Bloch sphere or just the unit circle (see also Refs. 3–8 for other approaches highlighting the importance of the qubit). These visualizations open the way to understand basic ideas of quantum physics even without knowledge of the underlying mathematical formalism. In addition, simple mathematics can be introduced to describe the qubit as an abstract object and basic unit of quantum information. This generalizes the digital bit as a basic unit of classical information. The proposedvisualizations can be used even at the high school level, while the mathematical explanations are of importance when teaching quantum physics at the undergraduate university level. This approach provides a unified framework to introduce common features of all quantum systems, such as the stochastic behavior and state change of a superposition state under measurement.

Abstrak: Random walks are a fundamental model in applied mathematics and are a common example of a Markov chain. The limiting stationary distribution of the Markov chain represents the fraction of the time spent in each state during the stochastic process. A standard way to compute this distribution for a random walk on a finite set of states is to compute the Perron vector of the associated transition matrix. There are algebraic analogues of this Perron vector in terms of transition probability tensors of higher-order Markov chains. These vectors are nonnegative, have dimension equal to the dimension of the state space, and sum to one, and they are derived by making an algebraic substitution in the equation for the joint-stationary distribution of a higher-order Markov chain. Here, we present the spacey random walk, a non-Markovian stochastic process whose stationary distribution is given by the tensor eigenvector. The process itself is a vertex-reinforced random walk, and its discrete dynamics are related to a continuous dynamical system. We analyze the convergence properties of these dynamics and discuss numerical methods for computing the stationary distribution. Finally, we provide several applications of the spacey random walk model in population genetics, ranking, and clustering data, and we use the process to analyze New York taxi trajectory data. This example shows definite non-Markovian structure.Read More: http://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/16M1074023

Abstrak: This topic discusses some methods of design which are neede during the design process, for esample the traditional design methods and the modern design methods. It deals with the discusion of the advantage and disadvantages of those respective methods, which now and then come out when such methods are being applied in the preparation of architectureal designs. And those characteristics have naturally their influence on the system to be adopted. To solve the increasing complexity of problems, a suitable system is needed and such could be grained through the use of certain design methods; therewith the design process could be eased and smoothened data on the characteristics of each of thr design methods are known