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A Matrix Basis Formulation for the Dyadic Green’s Functions of Maxwell’s Equations in Layered Media
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| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam Journal On Applied Mathematics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 82 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 1710-1732 |
| Abstrak | : | A matrix basis formulation is introduced to represent the 3 ×3 frequency domain dyadic Green’s functions of Maxwell’s equations in 3-dimensional layered media. The formulation can be used to decompose the Maxwell’s Green’s functions into independent TE and TM components, each satisfying a scalar Helmholtz equation. Moreover, the interface transmission conditions for the electromagnetic fields can be reduced to decoupled conditions for the matrix basis coefficients at interfaces. Numerical results for the electric and magnetic dyadic Green’s functions for a 10-layer medium show the capability of the proposed formulation. |
Spatial Segregation in Reaction-Diffusion Epidemic Models
| Pengarang | : | Hao Wang |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam Journal On Applied Mathematics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 82 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 1680-1709 |
| Abstrak | : | In this paper, we formulate susceptible-infected-susceptible reaction-diffusion epidemic models with cognition and show the impact of movement strategies on disease outbreak and mitigation under a spatially heterogeneous environment. The cognitive diffusion either takes a Fokker–Planck type diffusion obtained by Chapman’s diffusion law (called random diffusion) or follows Fick’s diffusion law (called symmetric diffusion). We derive a variational expression of the basic reproduction number R0 for both models and prove that the disease-free equilibrium is unique and globally asymptotically stable if R0 <1 . Furthermore, if R0 >1 , the model following Fick’s diffusion law admits at least one endemic equilibrium and the model following Chapman’s diffusion law has a unique endemic equilibrium. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations, which additionally show the segregation phenomenon between susceptible and infected populations regulated by different movement strategies. Spatial segregation here is natural, not caused by an isolation policy, and thus is the most important indicator for an infectious disease to spread or wane in the absence of intervention. The first example shows that a heterogeneous random diffusion segregates infected and susceptible populations further than an ODE model and thus reduces the infection size. However, symmetric diffusion never does that. The second example shows that a heterogeneous random diffusion detriments segregation but still reduces the infection severity by moving infected individuals to a disease-free region. In a certain situation, a heterogeneous random diffusion may increase the infection severity as shown in the last example. |
Stability and String Stability of Car-Following Models with Reaction-Time Delay
| Pengarang | : | Guy Fayolle |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam Journal On Applied Mathematics |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 82 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 1661-1679 |
| Abstrak | : | We investigate the transfer function emanating from the linearization of a car-following model for human drivers when taking into account their reaction time, which is known to be a cause of the stop-and-go traffic phenomenon. This leads to a nonrational transfer function, implying nontrivial stability conditions which are explicitly given. They are in particular satisfied whenever string stability holds. We also show how this reaction time can introduce a partial string stability, where the transfer function modulus remains smaller than 1 up to some critical frequency. We explore conditions in the parameter space discriminating between 3 different regimes (stability, string stability, and partial string stability). |
Intoleransi Makanan pada Neonatus Kurang Bulan
| Pengarang | : | Nurul Handayani Ardy, Pertin Sianturi |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 11) |
| Halaman | : | 844-847 |
| Abstrak | : | Food intolerance is the most common digestive problems in preterm infants during breastfeeding. Infant with food intolerance will get less nutrients thus affecting growth. The exact mechanism of food intolerance may be affected by several physiological factors such as maturation of the gastrointestinal tract motility, delayed gastric emptying, and malabsorption. Food intolerance is also associated with morbidity such as neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). |
Efek Penambahan Laktulosa pada Susu Formula Bayi: Tinjauan Sistematik
| Pengarang | : | Moretta Damayanti, Damayanti Rusli Sjarif |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 11) |
| Halaman | : | 838-842 |
| Abstrak | : | Introduction. One of the largest components of breast milk is human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). These components play an important role in the infant gastrointestinal tract based on their prebiotic effect. Lactulose is one of synthetic oligosaccharides, categorized as prebiotic; its effect resembles breastmilk in altering intestinal microbiota composition. Method. A systematic review on the effects of lactulose addition to infant formula. Results. Our search indicates that lactulose can improve the consistency and frequency of feces to resemble the stools of breast-fed infants. Adverse effects of mixed prebiotics are diarrhea, bloating and vomiting. Conclusion. Further research is still needed. Routine addition of lactulose in infant formula is not yet recommended. |
Pemeriksaan Fungsi Membran Peritoneum pada Prosedur Dialisis Peritoneal
| Pengarang | : | Tika Adilistya, Ina Susianti Timan |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 11) |
| Halaman | : | 831-836 |
| Abstrak | : | Peritoneal dialysis is a dialysis using peritoneal cavity as a container for dialysis fluid and peritoneal membrane as an endogenous semipermeable dialyzing membrane. Across this membrane, waste products diffuse to the dialysate; excess body fluid is removed by osmosis induced by the osmotic agent in the dialysis fluid. Success of peritoneal dialysis therapy depends on peritoneal membrane integrity, both morphological and functional. Long-term dialysis peritoneal not only decreases peritoneal membrane function, but also changes the peritoneal tissue anatomy; the permeability of peritoneal membrane also affected. It is important to have a test to estimate peritoneal membrane function. Peritoneal equilibration test (PET) yields approximate estimation of peritoneal transport rate of small solutes and ultrafiltration capacity of peritoneal membrane. This paper describe PET, how to interprete the results, and a case example. |
Therapeutic Effect of Avocatin B in Avocados Toward Acute Myeloid Leukemia
| Pengarang | : | Dias Rima Sutiono, Anthony Ryan Pantoni |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 11) |
| Halaman | : | 627-629 |
| Abstrak | : | Acute myeloid leukemia is the abnormal division of immature myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow affecting mostly older people. Till date, there are no potent treatments due to the fact that it cannot target leukemic stem cells which are responsible for relapse and initiation of leukemia. Current treatments can also pose side effects that might to be too harsh for older people. Avocatin B is a lipid derived from avocado that can be a novel potent drug to replace or go along with the current therapies. Avocatin B is able to induce leukemic cell death and their stem cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. Their mechanisms of actions include inhibiting fatty acid oxidation which causes reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis and lipotoxicity. Their selectivity towards leukemic cells over normal cells are due to the fact that they are able to target leukemic mitochondria which are different from the normal cells’ mitochondria in terms of their metabolic pathways. |
Sindrom Balint
| Pengarang | : | Hanna Karmila, Leonirma Tengguna |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 11) |
| Halaman | : | 824-826 |
| Abstrak | : | Balint syndrome is a disorder of simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and ocular apraxia that typically results from bilateral parieto-occipital lesions. Many causal factors are stroke, traumatic brain injury, tumor, etc. Balint syndrome sometimes is misdiagnosed as disorder of visual acuity; detailed approach is necessary to identify the etiology and provide the best treatment. |
Hidrosefalus dan Tatalaksana Bedah Sarafnya
| Pengarang | : | Khrisna Rangga Permana |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 11) |
| Halaman | : | 820-823 |
| Abstrak | : | Hydrocephalus is a condition when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) build-up results in increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and suppression to normal surrounding tissue. Hydrocephalus may occur due to interference with the production, flow or absorption of CSF. The prevalence is about 3 per 1000 births. CSF excess is managed by shunt or drainage through ETV (endoscopic third ventriculostomy). |
Respons Sistem Imun pada Epilepsi
| Pengarang | : | Komang Juwita Endrawati |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 11) |
| Halaman | : | 815-818 |
| Abstrak | : | Epilepsy is a chronic condition with multifactorial causes. Aproximately 20-40% patients are drug resistant thought to be due to role of immunity in epileptogenesis. Some components of immunity in neurons play a role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Anti-epilepsy drugs are immunosuppressive; innate; adaptive immunity changes significantly during and after seizures. |