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STEMI Inferior dengan Bradikardi dan Hipotensi
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| Pengarang | : | Bagus Fitriadi Kurnia Putra |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 34-37 |
| Abstrak | : | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the common cause of mortality of cardiovascular disease. Case report: A 51 year-old male with heartburn, nausea, cold sweat since 1 hour ago. Examination revealed hypotension and bradycardia. The ECG showed sinus bradycardia and ST segment elevation in leads II, III, aVF. Conclusion: Bradycardia and hypotension often accompany acute coronary syndrome, especially in inferoposterior and right ventricular infarction. These conditions are caused by RCA occlusion, increased vagal tone, reduced right ventricular pump, and hypovolemia. |
Scar Hipertrok dan Keloid: Patosiologi dan Penatalaksanaan
| Pengarang | : | Linda Sinto |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 29-32 |
| Abstrak | : | Excessive scars form following in wound healing from elective surgery and other traumatic may keep arise. Mostly it causes contractures, pruritus, pain, and its affect the patient’s quality of life both physically and also physicology. Excessive scaring identified in two types: hypertrophic scar and keloid. Sometimes hypertrophic scar generally regressing spontaneously but in keloid they do not regress with time. Clinically both of them most similar but incorrect identification of scar type may bring clinician to inappropriate management. Nowdays there are many choices for treat this excessive scar but still need more studies to find satisfied result. This review will summarize the different between hypertrophic scar and keloid, management using therapeutic combination for excessive scar. |
Liposuction untuk Bromhidrosis Aksilaris
| Pengarang | : | Nadya Hasriningrum Triman, Satya Wydya Yenny |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 25-28 |
| Abstrak | : | Axillary bromhidrosis is a combination of hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating) and osmidrosis (body odor) in the armpits due to decomposition of apocrine gland products. The incidence of axillary bromhidrosis is not widely reported, consultations are usually because of negative stigma. Conservative and non-surgical therapy is less satisfactory and temporary, surgery is better but with high risk of morbidity including complications and delayed healing. Liposuction technique is an alternative, consisting of several techniques, eg; liposuction with curettage, ultrasonic surgical aspiration, suction-assisted cartilage shaver, and endoscopy-assisted ultrasonic surgical aspiration. Liposuction is preferred because of minimal tissue damage resulting in minimal scarring, low relapse rate, and more satisfaction.Nadya Hasriningrum Triman, Satya Wydya Yenny. Liposuction for Axillary Bromhidrosis. |
Clinical Manifestations of Ocular Tuberculosis
| Pengarang | : | Elvira |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 19-23 |
| Abstrak | : | Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah infeksi kronik oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis.1 Bakteri ini dapat menginfeksi mata dengan cara invasi langsung setelah penyebaran hematogen yang sejalan dengan inflamasi lokal atau melalui reaksi hipersensitivitas tipe lambat. Manifestasi klinis TB okular dapat menyerupai berbagai bentuk uveitis, tergantung lokasi, respons inang, dan tingkat virulensi bakteri. Diagnosis definitif membutuhkan konfirmasi Mycobacterium tuberculosis dari jaringan atau cairan okular. Tes kulit tuberkulin dan interferron-gamma release assays (IGRA) dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis pasien tanpa manifestasi sistemik. Diagnosis dan terapi yang terlambat dapat mengakibatkan kebutaan. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang diagnosis dan terapi TB okular. Elvira. Manifestasi Klinis Tuberkulosis Okular. |
Prediction Intervals for Synthetic Control Methods
| Pengarang | : | Matias D. Cattaneo |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of the American Statistical Association |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 116 (No. 536) |
| Halaman | : | 1865-1880 |
| Abstrak | : | Uncertainty quantification is a fundamental problem in the analysis and interpretation of synthetic control (SC) methods. We develop conditional prediction intervals in the SC framework, and provide conditions under which these intervals offer finite-sample probability guarantees. Our method allows for covariate adjustment and nonstationary data. The construction begins by noting that the statistical uncertainty of the SC prediction is governed by two distinct sources of randomness: one coming from the construction of the (likely misspecified) SC weights in the pretreatment period, and the other coming from the unobservable stochastic error in the post-treatment period when the treatment effect is analyzed. Accordingly, our proposed prediction intervals are constructed taking into account both sources of randomness. For implementation, we propose a simulation-based approach along with finite-sample-based probability bound arguments, naturally leading to principled sensitivity analysis methods. We illustrate the numerical performance of our methods using empirical applications and a small simulation study. Python, R and Stata software packages implementing our methodology are available. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. |
An Exact and Robust Conformal Inference Method for Counterfactual and Synthetic Controls
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of the American Statistical Association |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 116 (No. 536) |
| Halaman | : | 1849-1864 |
| Abstrak | : | We introduce new inference procedures for counterfactual and synthetic control methods for policy evaluation. We recast the causal inference problem as a counterfactual prediction and a structural breaks testing problem. This allows us to exploit insights from conformal prediction and structural breaks testing to develop permutation inference procedures that accommodate modern high-dimensional estimators, are valid under weak and easy-to-verify conditions, and are provably robust against misspecification. Our methods work in conjunction with many different approaches for predicting counterfactual mean outcomes in the absence of the policy intervention. Examples include synthetic controls, difference-in-differences, factor and matrix completion models, and (fused) time series panel data models. Our approach demonstrates an excellent small-sample performance in simulations and is taken to a data application where we re-evaluate the consequences of decriminalizing indoor prostitution. Open-source software for implementing our conformal inference methods is available. |
Randomization Tests in Observational Studies With Staggered Adoption of Treatment
| Pengarang | : | Azeem M. Shaikh |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of the American Statistical Association |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 116 (No. 536) |
| Halaman | : | 1835-1848 |
| Abstrak | : | This article considers the problem of inference in observational studies with time-varying adoption of treatment. In addition to an unconfoundedness assumption that the potential outcomes are independent of the times at which units adopt treatment conditional on the units’ observed characteristics, our analysis assumes that the time at which each unit adopts treatment follows a Cox proportional hazards model. This assumption permits the time at which each unit adopts treatment to depend on the observed characteristics of the unit, but imposes the restriction that the probability of multiple units adopting treatment at the same time is zero. In this context, we study randomization tests of a null hypothesis that specifies that there is no treatment effect for all units and all time periods in a distributional sense. We first show that an infeasible test that treats the parameters of the Cox model as known has rejection probability under the null hypothesis no greater than the nominal level in finite samples. Since these parameters are unknown in practice, this result motivates a feasible test that replaces these parameters with consistent estimators. While the resulting test does not need to have the same finite-sample validity as the infeasible test, we show that it has limiting rejection probability under the null hypothesis no greater than the nominal level. In a simulation study, we examine the practical relevance of our theoretical results, including robustness to misspecification of the model for the time at which each unit adopts treatment. Finally, we provide an empirical application of our methodology using the synthetic control-based test statistic and tobacco legislation data found in Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. |
A Penalized Synthetic Control Estimator for Disaggregated Data
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of the American Statistical Association |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 116 (No. 536) |
| Halaman | : | 1817-1834 |
| Abstrak | : | Synthetic control methods are commonly applied in empirical research to estimate the effects of treatments or interventions on aggregate outcomes. A synthetic control estimator compares the outcome of a treated unit to the outcome of a weighted average of untreated units that best resembles the characteristics of the treated unit before the intervention. When disaggregated data are available, constructing separate synthetic controls for each treated unit may help avoid interpolation biases. However, the problem of finding a synthetic control that best reproduces the characteristics of a treated unit may not have a unique solution. Multiplicity of solutions is a particularly daunting challenge when the data include many treated and untreated units. To address this challenge, we propose a synthetic control estimator that penalizes the pairwise discrepancies between the characteristics of the treated units and the characteristics of the units that contribute to their synthetic controls. The penalization parameter trades off pairwise matching discrepancies with respect to the characteristics of each unit in the synthetic control against matching discrepancies with respect to the characteristics of the synthetic control unit as a whole. We study the properties of this estimator and propose data-driven choices of the penalization parameter. |
Hubungan Profil Laboratorium Sederhana dan Hipertensi di Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama Daerah Terpencil di Kabupaten Sikka, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur
| Pengarang | : | Stephanie Wibisono, Garry Prasetyo, Naldo Soan |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | CDK Cermin dunia kedokteran |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 45 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 14-18 |
| Abstrak | : | No studies have specifically analyzed simple laboratory profiles including blood glucose, cholesterol, and uric acid examination using rapid blood monitoring device and proteinuria examination with dipstick urine among hypertensive patients in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Method: This case-control study was conducted in a consecutive sampling basis on subjects older than 18 years in three working areas at primary health care of Sikka Regency, Flores, NTT during January - May 2017. Data was collected from anamnesis, physical examination, and simple laboratory screening while using blood test kit and urine dipstick. Data was analysed with chi-square method, processed by SPSS 20. Results: We obtained 333 samples, consist of 170 hypertensive and 163 non-hypertensive patients. Hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and proteinuria were generally found. Clinical significance was for proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia.Stephanie Wibisono, Garry Prasetyo, Naldo Soan. Correlation between Simple Laboratory Proles and Hypertension in Remote Areas in Sikka Regency, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur |
Combining Matching and Synthetic Control to Tradeoff Biases From Extrapolation and Interpolation
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Journal of the American Statistical Association |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 116 (No. 536) |
| Halaman | : | 1804-1816 |
| Abstrak | : | The synthetic control (SC) method is widely used in comparative case studies to adjust for differences in pretreatment characteristics. SC limits extrapolation bias at the potential expense of interpolation bias, whereas traditional matching estimators have the opposite properties. This complementarity motives us to propose a matching and synthetic control (or MASC) estimator as a model averaging estimator that combines the standard SC and matching estimators. We show how to use a rolling-origin cross-validation procedure to train the MASC to resolve tradeoffs between interpolation and extrapolation bias. We use a series of empirically based placebo and Monte Carlo simulations to shed light on when the SC, matching, MASC and penalized SC estimators do (and do not) perform well. Then, we apply these estimators to examine the economic costs of conflicts in the context of Spain. |