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Tradeoffs in Differential Privacy and Learning From Smartphone Data
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| Pengarang | : | Manuchehr Aminian |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 1-2 |
| Abstrak | : | When providing services like next word prediction, autocorrect, autocomplete, and spellcheck, the developers of mobile devices must balance tradeoffs of utility and privacy while addressing traditional concerns with algorithm runtime and communication efficiency. During the 2024 SIAM Conference on Mathematics of Data Science (MDS24), which took place last October in Atlanta, Ga., Jelani Nelson of the University of California, Berkeley, delivered an invited presentation that introduced the theoretical underpinnings of differential privacy. He discussed this technique’s ability to inform and analyze protocols that allow a server to learn statistics (like word frequency) while still retaining tunable control of user privacy. |
Stressing Microbes to Create Macroscopic Patterns
| Pengarang | : | Matthew R. Francis |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Siam News |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 58 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 1 |
| Abstrak | : | Microbes in Petri dishes often grow in distinctive circular or wavelike patterns that are visible even without a microscope (see Figure 1). These growth formations develop without any long-range communication between individual cells, which means that they arise from microscopic mechanical and biochemical interactions rather than environmental factors. External forces—e.g., the borders of the Petri dish, added chemicals, or fluid properties of the growth medium—affect the macroscopic patterns in unique ways. |
``The road not taken`` in language testing : sociocultural implications of test and teaching contents
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Tesol Quarterly |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 56 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 1486-1503 |
| Abstrak | : | Shifting focus of asocial language tests toward social considerations recalls their ideological basis (Mirhosseini, De Costa, 2020). The recurrent exposure to and involvement in discursive constructions of high stakes' contents, may bring along certain sociocultural conceptualizations and values by test audiences (van Dijk, 1998). Thus, unless a clear perception of their contents is gained, any discussions on test misuses, fairness, and negative consequences seem ungrounded. To complement prior findings on sociocultural meanings of the IELTS test contents (Noori & Mirhosseini, 2021), and as another phase of triangulated approach to my dissertation study, the mediated contents through IELTS teachings were recorded through a micro-ethnography of 22 online IELTS classes offered by an IELTS center in Iran. Bridging critical views of language testing and critical discourse analysis, qualitative content analysis was conducted in search of reflected topics. The emerging 89 codes sat together in four prominent categories outlining the whole content of IELTS pedagogical practices: Entertainment, Money, Education, Immigration, and a Miscellaneous set of minor topics. The findings reflected a homogeneous conceptual flow through inclusion/exclusion/contrast of certain limited value-laden topics restricted to core communities in the contents of IELTS tests, preparation materials, and pedagogical practices. I suggest inclusion of sociocultural content-wise considerations in language teaching and testing contents including test and content validity perspectives, and as new test facet to be accounted for in washback, fairness, and consequential validity frameworks. Reconsideration of test content validity is also put forwarded in terms of included test topics and their value implications. These perspectives which account for inclusive views and long wished glocalization, will manifest “the road not taken” (Frost, 1916, p.9)/wrongly taken in language assessment and teaching and will further their literacy. |
Standardized tests and within-group segregation: the not-so-optimal ESL classroom for long-term English learners
| Pengarang | : | Uysal, Huseyin |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Tesol Quarterly |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 56 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 1471-1485 |
| Abstrak | : | Reclassification is a critical threshold when English Learners (ELs) exit specialized language services and access all-English mainstream classrooms. Despite the mandates of the Every Student Succeeds Act, reclassification rates and time remain a pressing problem. A product of this malfunctioning system has been long-term ELs (LTELs). This article focuses on the social consequences of language assessment and attends to the stories of three LTELs at a rural high school in the southeastern United States. It examines the impact of ability-grouping through standardized tests on the social fabric of an English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom. Data come from semi-structured personal interviews and observations in ESL and content-area classes. The thematic narrative analysis points to a reclassification system that functions primarily based on test scores. State-mandated tests silence LTELs by classifying them in the same category with newcomer ELs. This system targets the standardization of their identities by disregarding the diversity within the ELs in terms of instructional needs and social, linguistic, academic, and cultural resources. These tests pose an insuperable social conflict and tension between the LTELs and newcomer ELs. To this end, I claim that state-mandated tests are hegemonic devices that might cause hierarchies in ESL classrooms and within-group segregation of ELs. The social consequences of testing need to be investigated in-depth to revamp the educational landscape for LTELs. |
Planning for Integrated Rural Development with Procedure-Based Training
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Prisma : the Indonesian indicator |
| Volume / Edisi | : | (No. 45) |
| Halaman | : | 84-90 |
| Abstrak | : | - |
Planning and Participation at Lower Levels in Indonesia
| Pengarang | : | Allert van den Ham,Hady, Hariri |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Prisma : the Indonesian indicator |
| Volume / Edisi | : | (No. 45) |
| Halaman | : | 72-83 |
| Abstrak | : | - |
Reaching Poor Rural Communities With Flexibility : The Case of The Area Development Program in Central Java
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Prisma : the Indonesian indicator |
| Volume / Edisi | : | (No. 45) |
| Halaman | : | 62-71 |
| Abstrak | : | - |
Small-Scale Irrigation in Bengkulu : The PDP Experience
| Pengarang | : | McKinnon, E. Edwards |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Prisma : the Indonesian indicator |
| Volume / Edisi | : | (No. 45) |
| Halaman | : | 56-61 |
| Abstrak | : | - |
Rural Development Strategy : Learning from an Area Development Program
| Pengarang | : | Schiller, Jim |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Prisma : the Indonesian indicator |
| Volume / Edisi | : | (No. 45) |
| Halaman | : | 45-55 |
| Abstrak | : | - |
problems and Challenges in the Implementation of the Provincial Development Program in Indonesia
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Prisma : the Indonesian indicator |
| Volume / Edisi | : | (No. 45) |
| Halaman | : | 33-44 |
| Abstrak | : | Abstrak tidak tersedia. |