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Determination of Voltage–Current Curves: Pulse-Width Modulation-Powered Exploration of Ohmic and Nonohmic Elements with Arduino
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| Pengarang | : | Paulo Cesar de Souza |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 434–438 |
| Abstrak | : | Electric and electronic circuits play a crucial role in modern civilization. The study of components [Dx = resistors, lamps, semiconductor junctions, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs)] that constitute these circuits typically begins with an examination of their electrical conductivity by obtaining their V–I curves. For this, it is common to use a variable voltage source, a voltmeter (V), and an ammeter (A), connected as shown in Figs. 1(a) and (b). However, obtaining these curves in a classroom setting, which generally accommodates numerous students, can become problematic due to unavailability of the necessary instruments. Here, we present an innovative way to address this limitation, using a simple, autonomous, and easily constructed setup that enables the instructor to conduct a series of experiments during lectures, enabling the visualization of concepts typically discussed in the study of electric and electronic components. The method uses the open-source electronic prototyping board known... |
How Many Fish Are in the Tank? A Demonstration of Refraction and Total Internal Reflection of Light
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 432–433 |
| Abstrak | : | In an article titled “How Many Fish Are in the Tank? A Demonstration of Refraction of Light,” P. J. Ouseph explains that the appearance of two fish images around the corner of the water tank is a result of light refraction.1 However, a single object in a water tank displays more than just two images, as shown in Fig. 1. The reason for these additional images is that total internal reflection also contributes, in addition to refraction. In this paper, we examine how many images of a single object inside a water tank can be generated due to refraction and total internal reflection. The surface of the water tank acts as a mirror when it meets the condition for total internal reflection. Figure 2 shows reflected images from a tank surface at different viewing angles. As the viewing angle increases, corresponding to an increase in the incident angle... |
A Physics-Based Light Pollution Education Outreach Program: Promise and Problems
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 428–431 |
| Abstrak | : | Light pollution is an ecological problem that arises from direct emission and scattering of artificial light at night.1 Since at least the 1960s, scientists have raised concerns about the effect of light pollution on astronomy2 and organisms’ biological rhythms and hormone imbalances.3 A recent AstroNotes column4 argues for educating high school students about this topic. In this article, we discuss the design, implementation, and evaluation of a hands-on learning unit designed to make physics topics relevant in the context of light pollution as a socio-scientific issue. It is common for teachers to see students uninterested or unmotivated to learn physics, especially when they are taught using expository instruction5 and “a formula-hunting, plug-and-chug approach to problem-solving.”6 Two dependable ways to engage students include active learning7,8 and connecting physics with real-world applications.9,10 We argue that light pollution is an ideal and relevant topic for... |
Leveraging AI for Rapid Generation of Physics Simulations in Education: Building Your Own Virtual Lab
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 424–427 |
| Abstrak | : | Seemingly, we are not so far from Star Trek’s food replicator. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming an integral part of both science and education, offering not only automation of processes, but also dynamic creation of complex, personalized content for educational purposes. With such advancements, educators are now creating exams, developing virtual tutors, creating writing assistants for students, and designing a variety of powerful tools to support teaching and learning.1–5 An emerging opportunity is the development of AI-generated simulations of physical phenomena and models. While we are not yet at the stage where we can say, “Computer, generate a mathematical simulation depicting the quantum wave functions of electrons in a hydrogen atom,” we are not far from it. Educators have long recognized the value of computer simulations in supporting student learning.6–8 Simulations complement traditional instructional materials such as text, formulas, videos, and physical demonstrations by fostering engagement... |
Commotio Cordis in the Introductory Classroom
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 418–423 |
| Abstrak | : | On January 2, 2023, during the first quarter of the National Football League’s game between the Buffalo Bills and Cincinnati Bengals, Bills safety Damar Hamlin went into cardiac arrest after making a seemingly routine tackle of Bengals wide receiver Tee Higgins. As Hamlin made the tackle, Higgins lowered his head to drive forward and gain extra yardage. Hamlin wrapped his arms around Higgins’s upper body, and Higgins’s right shoulder appeared to hit Hamlin in the left chest as both men fell to the ground.1 At first glance, there seemed to be nothing unusual about the play—it appeared to be like any one of the scores of tackles viewers witness during a professional football game. However, after Hamlin quickly sprang to his feet and adjusted his helmet with his right hand, his knees buckled underneath him, and he then fell backward onto the field, lying completely motionless on the turf.... |
Tutorials in Climate Change Open Access
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 414–417 |
| Abstrak | : | Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. The scientific evidence of its reality and seriousness is overwhelming,1 and its consequences become increasingly evident.2 Therefore, educators need to address climate change to empower their students to become changemakers for a better future.3 To understand the essential principles of Earth’s climate system, one of the pillars of climate literacy,4 a detailed understanding of many introductory physics concepts is necessary.5 Hence, teaching climate change can also illustrate the relevance of physics for everyday life.3 Recognizing the importance of climate change for the physics classroom to contribute to a better future, an important question is, How can we design learning tasks that foster a functional understanding of physics concepts underlying climate change, using insights from physics education research? To address this question, we designed Tutorials in Climate Change. These conceptual... |
A Revisitation of Boyle’s “Void in the Void” Experimen
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 412–413 |
| Abstrak | : | Experiments on vacuum in the 17th century represented a significant step toward the establishment of the experimental method.1,2 Recent research points out the benefits of introducing a historical approach in the teaching of physics and of integrating pure physics with human culture.3–5 Many of these experiments can be easily revisited in schools with common vacuum equipment,6–8 the usual glass bell whose design derives directly from the pumps of the late 17th century. The revisitation allows students to familiarize themselves with the epistemological norms that govern the production of scientific knowledge, which appears important while science is under attack by antiscientific movements.9,10 Here we would like to present a revisitation of experiment 19 of Robert Boyle’s New Experiments Physico-Mechanical, Touching the Air (1660).1 The New Experiments text describes the series of experiments that Boyle and Robert Hooke performed with their air pump to answer the questions... |
The OpenSciEd Texas Power Crisis Unit: A Coherent, Phenomenon-Driven Approach to Learning Complex Ideas in Physics
| Pengarang | : | Zoë Buck Bracey |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 406–411 |
| Abstrak | : | The year 2023 marked the 10-year anniversary of the publication of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). The goal of the NGSS was to transform what students are doing in the classroom, from memorizing facts and practicing problem-solving strategies to building new understandings and competencies through investigations of complex phenomena and authentic, real-world problems. This kind of instruction can help students develop a deeper and more interconnected understanding of fundamental science ideas.1–4 But meeting the vision of the NGSS requires big shifts in physics teaching, curriculum, and assessment, and it has taken several years for instructional materials that support these shifts to catch up. In this article, we will share the OpenSciEd High School Physics approach to supporting instruction aligned with the vision of the NGSS. If we want to leverage the opportunities presented by the NGSS, physics curriculum and instruction need to support coherence from the students’ perspective... |
Conservation of Momentum in Newton’s Cradle
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 404-405 |
| Abstrak | : | Here, an experiment is described using a Newton’s cradle with tape added to the incident ball to reduce the coefficient of restitution. In that case, all of the balls quickly start moving at the same speed, in the same direction, as a single unit. Momentum is conserved up to that point, but the resulting kinetic energy is smaller than the kinetic energy of the incident ball. The same thing happens when the tape is removed, but it takes a longer time. Newton’s cradle provides an entertaining demonstration of conservation of momentum and energy in a line of colliding balls, at least for the first few collisions.1,2 After that time, the line of balls starts separating, and the collision events tend to be more random.3,4 If the collisions are observed over an even longer time interval, it is observed that all the balls start moving in the same direction... |
Oscillatory Motion of an Eccentric Disk
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | The Physics Teacher |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 63 (No. 5) |
| Halaman | : | 346–348 |
| Abstrak | : | A circular brass disk with an eccentric hole was investigated as a small pendulum. When displaced by a small angle from its equilibrium position, it undergoes simple harmonic motion. The period of oscillation increases with the oscillation amplitude, as it does with a simple pendulum. A simplified theoretical explanation is provided. There are many different types of pendulum, the simplest being a mass on the bottom end of a string, the top end of the string being attached to a rigid support. When the mass is displaced from its rest position, a restoring force arises that is proportional to the angular displacement, at least for small displacements. When released with small amplitude, the mass undergoes simple harmonic motion with a period proportional to the square root of the length of string. Many theoretical papers have been published on the increase in the period with an increase in the amplitude,1–4... |