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Measuring high school student engagement in science learning: an adaptation and validation study
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| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 524-547 |
| Abstrak | : | This study validated an instrument for measuring student engagement in the context of Chinese science curriculum reforms. We adapted existing items from well-designed instruments with the context of science learning and formed the initial instrument of the Student Engagement in Science Learning (SESL) consisting of 20 items in four subscales, including cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and agentic engagement. We recruited an expert panel to provide content and face validity during the adaptation process. The final sample of 578 was collected and analysed to provide the construct validity of the SESL instrument. The results from item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis conformed the instrument's convergent and discriminant validity. Independent t-tests of gender and district groups confirmed the concurrent validity of the instrument. The Cronbach's coefficient alpha of the four subscales and the total scale are higher than 0.70, indicating the SESL instrument has the internal consistency reliability for measuring student engagement in science learning. Researchers and practitioners would benefit from the valid and reliable SESL instrument with the four constructs to measure and improve student engagement in science learning. |
Science self-efficacy beliefs of upper primary students in Ireland
| Pengarang | : | Valérie Munier |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 6) |
| Halaman | : | 503-523 |
| Abstrak | : | This exploratory study aimed to assess the strength of primary school students’ (aged 11–12 years old) Science Self-Efficacy (SSE) beliefs, identify emanating sources, and investigate any gender-related differences. School SSE is defined here as perceived capacity to complete learning outcomes from the upper Irish primary science curriculum. The strengths and sources of participants’ school SSE beliefs were assessed quantitatively (N = 260) using the Irish Science Self-Efficacy Children’s Questionnaire (IS-SEC-Q). Twenty-five students were interviewed to further explore the origins of their SSE, and their perception of science in the classroom. Results indicated that students’ self-efficacy to perform scientific skills was lower than their self-efficacy to answer questions. Mastery experience was found to be the strongest predictor of self-efficacy in science skills, corroborating findings from other educational contexts. However, students report that they seldom engage in hands-on science during school, suggesting that Irish classrooms still lack student-led investigations. Gender-related results are also highlighted. This work serves as the first report of students’ school SSE beliefs in Ireland, expands upon existing literature surrounding the SSE beliefs of pre-adolescent students, and discusses implications for classroom practice. |
Completing the progression establishing an international baseline of primary, middle and secondary students’ views of scientific inquiry
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 715-731 |
| Abstrak | : | Knowledge of scientific inquiry (SI) is considered essential to the development of an individual's Scientific Literacy (SL) and therefore, SI is included in many international science education reform documents. Two previous large scale international studies assessed the SI understandings of students entering middle school and secondary students at the end of their formal K-12 science education. The purpose of this international project was to use the VASI-E to collect data on what primary level students have learned about SI in their first few years of school. This study adds to previous research to bridge the landscape of SI understandings now with representation from primary, middle and high school samples. A total of 4,238 students from 35 countries/regions spanning six continents participated in the study. The results show that globally, primary students are not adequately informed about SI for their age group. However, when compared with the students in the previous international studies (grades seven and 12), the primary students' understandings were surprisingly closer to the levels of understanding of SI of the secondary school students than those in the seventh grade study. |
Investigating pre-service science teachers’ metaknowledge about the modelling process and its relation to metaknowledge about models
| Pengarang | : | Paul Engelschalt |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 691-714 |
| Abstrak | : | The development of metaknowledge about models (MKM) and metaknowledge about the modelling process (MKP) are important in pre-service science teachers (PSTs) education. MKM refers to knowledge about the model’s entities and its purposes, while MKP refers to knowledge about the components and structure of the modelling process. Assessing MKM and MKP is crucial to foster this knowledge in PSTs’ education. However, assessment instruments focus on MKM rather than MKP, and the connection between MKM and MKP had not been examined deeply. This study validates and applies a diagram task for assessing PSTs’ MKP. For validation, ten experts were surveyed and think-aloud interviews were conducted with ten PSTs. The findings support valid interpretations of PSTs’ MKP based on the diagram task. In the main study, the diagram task was administrated to 63 PSTs, along with an MKM questionnaire. PSTs’ MKP ranged from simple conceptions of modelling as a linear process including few components to sophisticated conceptions of modelling as an iterative process including multiple components. Furthermore, it was found that knowledge about using models to predict a phenomenon is an aspect connecting sophisticated MKM and MKP, indicating that this aspect is crucial to foster both, PSTs MKM and MKP. |
Which side are you on? The role of attitudes in reasoning practices in student-group interactions regarding a socio-scientific issue related to climate change
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 670-690 |
| Abstrak | : | While researchers have stressed the importance of engaging students in activities that enhance their reasoning practices, few have scrutinised the factors that impact the reasoning involved in such activities. We explored the role of attitudes in student-group interactions concerning a climate change-related socio-scientific issue and how those attitudes emerged from the reasoning process. We applied Martin and White’s [(2005). The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. Palgrave Macmillan] appraisal framework for studying attitudes in oral language to analyse two student groups involved in a discourse as they constructed arguments supporting further petroleum exploration. The two groups displayed unique patterns of attitudes towards additional exploration: one group displayed strong, positive attitudes, while the other displayed varied attitudes, including doubt and insecurity. These more complex attitudes in the second group were important to how these students reasoned about the issue, enabling them to appreciate the complexity of the issue, as the expression of multiple perspectives and doubt opened a richer inquiry into the socio-scientific issue, enhancing the quality of their reasoning. Our findings point to the significance of considering students’ attitudes when organising activities were students’ reason about a socio-scientific issue. |
Assessment and practical science: identifying generalizable characteristics of written assessments that reward and incentivise effective practices in practical science lessons
| Pengarang | : | Sunarto Ndaru Mursito |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 643-669 |
| Abstrak | : | High-stakes assessments prominently influence what is done in secondary school science lessons (‘washback’ effects). It is therefore important that assessments of knowledge and understanding gained from practical work are constructed to reward and incentivise effective practices in practical work. To do that, they must differentiate between pupils who have experienced practical work in different ways. This empirical, mixed-methods study identifies generalizable characteristics of written assessments that differentially reward pupils who experienced practical activities through hands-on work, teacher demonstration, video demonstration, or reading about the activity. Conclusions are drawn from 1486 post-intervention tests completed by pupils aged 14–15 in England, from lesson observations and teacher interviews. This study also identifies pedagogical practices that were more noticeable in practical work that was most rewarded by the written assessments: the work was teacher-guided; and pupils were encouraged to be active participants. Existing literature describes negative washback effects of high-stakes, written assessments that limit the use and effectiveness of practical work as a pedagogical tool. We describe ways in which written assessments could be constructed to better reward effective practices in practical work (practices that better support learning), with the intention of having positive washback effects on pedagogy by better incentivising these practices. |
High school science teachers’ assessment literacy for inquiry-based science instruction
| Pengarang | : | Ching-Sui Hung |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 7) |
| Halaman | : | 621-642 |
| Abstrak | : | Drawing upon the model for science teacher assessment literacy developed by [Abell, S. K., & Siegel, M. A. (2011). Assessment literacy: What science teachers need to know and be able to do. In The professional knowledge base of science teaching (pp. 205–221). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3927-9_12], this study explored science teachers' knowledge and practices of inquiry-based science instruction (IBSI) in Taiwan, and investigated the possible interactions among the categories of assessment literacy. Forty high school science teachers with relevant experience in IBSI participated in the study. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews and background questionnaires. We analysed the data and developed a coding scheme through both theory-oriented and data-oriented approaches. Four categories of teacher assessment literacy were explored, including assessment purposes, assessed learning outcomes, assessment strategies, and assessment scoring. The results indicated that, through formative assessments, teachers supported students' inquiry-based learning and self-regulated learning in a variety of ways. Furthermore, teachers not only used multiple data sources to assess students' learning performances, but also appreciated both subcategories of assessed learning outcomes - inquiry as means and inquiry as ends. The analysis also revealed some patterns of interactions among the categories of assessment literacy. Based on the findings, discussions and suggestions are provided. |
‘But, is it supposed to be a straight line?’ Scaffolding students’ experiences with pressure sensors and material resistance in a high school biology classroom
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 815-838 |
| Abstrak | : | This case study examines how material resistance (limitations posed by the physical world) and graph interpretation intersected during a high school biology investigation using digital sensors. We use an extended episode from a small group to illustrate how, in an inquiry-based unit, measuring near the resolution limit of a sensor caused scaling issues in graphs. Qualitative videotape analysis focuses on both the students’ attempts to make sense of a perceived lack of variation in the collected data and the teacher's and classroom researchers’ misinterpretation of the students’ difficulties with graph interpretation. We suggest that these educators, though experienced, could have benefited from additional strategies to help them recognise and respond to graph interpretation issues introduced by digital representations of real-world data, and that the students could have benefited from explicit prompts to discuss the limitations of their equipment. We describe several implications for researchers, teachers, and curriculum developers interested in implementing inquiry-based biology investigations using sensor data. We argue that students should be supported to recognise that encountering unexpected results from their investigations and working to understand what these results have to say about the real world is an important and valid part of the practice of real science. |
Entry-level career paths in the life sciences: generic skills in Dutch job postings
| Pengarang | : | Heleen van Ravenswaaij |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 795-814 |
| Abstrak | : | The importance of generic skills for life scientists is commonly recognised by employers, graduates, and higher education institutes. As it remains unclear which generic skills are relevant for different life sciences career paths, this study aims to give an overview to inform and inspire universities and students, by analysing 179 Dutch entry-level job postings. We deductively coded nine career paths, namely: life sciences industry, PhD-student, quality compliance, research-related, sales & business, communication/education, information technology, consultancy, and policy. We coded generic skills using an adapted categorisation consisting of 46 generic skills within four categories, which were: self, others, information, and tasks. The descriptive statistics and cluster analysis results showed that although language, communication, and collaboration were the most requested skills, differences in requested generic skills between career paths and cluster composition were observed as well. We concluded that although some generic skills are important in general, other generic skills are relevant for specific life sciences career paths. To educate skilled life scientists, universities should consider the flexible integration of these generic skills in their life sciences programmes. |
Evaluation of the effect of in-class activity-based practices on scientific reasoning skills of pre-service science teachers
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 773-794 |
| Abstrak | : | The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the development of scientific reasoning skills through activities conducted in the scientific reasoning skills course, which pre-service science teachers take as a required course. Participants (N = 53) are 3rd year students of the Department of Science Teaching. The study employed a mixed research method using quantitative and qualitative methods together. In the quantitative part of the study, the single group pre-test-post-test design was used, and in the qualitative part of the study, the case study design was used. Because of the activities conducted in the study, a significant improvement was observed in the scientific reasoning skills of the pre-service teachers. When the pre-service teachers’ opinions were evaluated, themes including their suggestions on the contributions of the course to them, on the course content and for the improvement of the course were obtained. |