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Barriers for people who inject drug (PWID) to access voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) at the health centres in East Lombok
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| Pengarang | : | Dany Karmila, Pande Putu Januraga, Ni Wayan Septarini |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 5 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 24-27 |
| Abstrak | : | Background and purpose: Utilisation of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) by people who inject drug (PWID) in East Lombok is low. This study aims to explore barriers for PWID to access VCT service from community health centres in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in East Lombok. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. Nine participats were purposively selected consisted of five HIV negative PWID who repeatedly tested for HIV, one non-governmental organization official, one field worker, one VCT counsellor and one medical doctor. Data were inductively analysed. Results: This study found that PWID preferred to use mobile VCT rather than VCT at health centres because of scared of getting caught by police. They also felt uncomfortable of using VCT service at the health centres due to stigma and discrimination. In addition, lack of human resources at the health centre was also found to be a significant barrier. This led to increased workload thus limited attention was given to quality of VCT service. Conclusions: Barriers to access VCT service at the health centre include high stigma and discrimination from health provider and living arrangements of PWID. To improve VCT access for PWID, effective collaboration between health centres, private health institutions and village cadres are required. |
Examining the link between oral and written reasoning within a generative learning environment: the impact of the Science Writing Heuristic approach
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 750-772 |
| Abstrak | : | This study aims to investigate the relationship between written and oral reasoning in an undergraduate chemistry laboratory course as part of an argument-based inquiry approach, which is also a generative learning environment, known as the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH). The study employed the data-transformation variant of convergent design of mixed-method research. Data sources included 180 laboratory reports from nine Pre-service Science Teachers (PSTs) and 20 video recordings across two semesters. Using Walton’s argument schemes, PSTs’ development, utilisation and correlation of written and oral reasoning and an argument cycle of premise-justification-conclusion were examined. A Friedman test and a Spearman-Brown correlation were conducted for statistical analysis. The results revealed that there is a positive correlation between written and oral reasoning. While the quality of PSTs’ written reasoning significantly increased from the first time phase to the following time phases, this pattern was not observed in oral reasoning. An argument cycle of premise-justification-conclusion occurred in each phase of oral arguments. However, this cycle did not occur in every facet of the SWH process across all time phases in written arguments. The study suggests that pre-service science teachers should be provided with learning environments that will allow them to make external evaluations and engage in talking, reading and writing activities for learning purposes. |
Has the coronavirus pandemic changed students’ conceptions of microorganisms? Evidence from elementary school
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 8) |
| Halaman | : | 733-749 |
| Abstrak | : | This article outlines the results from an investigation on elementary school students designed to find out whether the coronavirus pandemic had an impact on their conceptualisation of microorganisms. We compared 9- to 11-year-old children’s drawings and answers to questionnaires conducted before the pandemic (during 2017 and 2018, N = 137) with those conducted after the pandemic (during 2022, N = 94). We found that the impact has been deep. On the one hand, the post-pandemic group not only reinforced their negative image about microorganisms but assimilated the group of microorganisms to that of viruses. Moreover, most of their representations showed great similarities to the images of the typical sphere-with-peaks coronavirus presented in public media. On the other hand, the tendency to associate microorganisms predominantly with human beings decreased in this group at the expense of an increase in the notion of their ubiquity. These results are a starting point to design new didactic strategies to capitalise on informal learning during the pandemic and channel it towards scientifically correct models. |
Risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetes mellitus patients in Denpasar City
| Pengarang | : | Desak Putu Risna Dewi, I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra, Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri, Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 5 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 19-23 |
| Abstrak | : | Background and Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is more common in developing countries, including Indonesia. Denpasar City contributes the most on the total number of TB patients in Bali Province. There is evidence on increased burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with TB comorbidity. This study aims to examine risk factors of TB among DM patients. Method: A case control study was conducted in Denpasar City. A total of 135 samples, 45 cases and 90 controls, were recruited to participate in the study. Cases were DM patients with TB comorbidity and were taken from patients register from 2013 to 2015. Controls were DM patients without TB comorbidity and were taken from Bali Province screening operational study. Data were collected using interviews, observations, measurements and document review. Data were analysed using bivariate analysis and multivariate with logistic regression model. Results: Demographic characteristics between cases and controls were comparable in sex and family income but not comparable in age groups, education, domicile, and employment. Risk factors of TB among DM patients were house density (AOR=36.11; 95%CI: 5.0-259.9), undernutrition (AOR=24.76; 95%CI: 3.7-162.3), inadequate glycemic control (AOR=12.64; 95%CI: 2.4-66.2), and being employed (AOR=10.55; 95%CI: 1.2-92.7). TB infection among DM patients was associated with aged<60 years (AOR=7.47; 95%CI: 1.2-44.3) and being male (AOR=5.42; 95%CI: 1.2-24.0). TB co-infection among DM patients was also associated with low education level (AOR=6.96; 95%CI: 1.0-48.6), contact with TB patients (AOR=5.84; 95%CI: 0.7-46.6) and inadequate house ventilation (AOR=2.92; 95%CI: 0.6-13.1). Conclusion: Socio-demographic characteristics, physical environments of the house and clinical conditions are risk factors of TB among DM patiens. |
Concept test on reflection and transmission in the range of visible and infrared optics
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 913-933 |
| Abstrak | : | The field of geometrical optics features a broad knowledge base concerning conceptual learning difficulties and student conceptions. However, in contrast to other areas of physics, no widely used standard test instrument exists to assess middle school students’ conceptual knowledge of geometrical optics. This is even more true for other areas of the electromagnetic spectrum. For this reason, a concept test was developed for an intervention study to collect preconceptions about visible light as well as preconceptions about infrared radiation in the subject area of reflection and transmission. A pilot study with 108 middle school students preceded final revisions and implementation in the main study of 820 learners aged 12–16. The measurement model is presented for the developed concept test with the subscales ‘preconceptions and knowledge about reflection and transmission in visible optics’, ‘preconceptions and knowledge about reflection and transmission in infrared optics’ and ‘applied knowledge on reflection and transmission in visible and infrared optics’. The results show that the concept test validly captures the development of preconceptions and knowledge regarding specific aspects of reflection and transmission of the part of the electromagnetic spectrum from 3?µm to 380?nm. |
Cervical cancer screening among reproductive-aged women: a crossectional survey in Tabanan Regency
| Pengarang | : | Desak Gede Yenny Apriani, Ni Luh Putu Suariyani, I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 5 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 14-18 |
| Abstrak | : | Background and purpose: Cervical and breast cancers are the most common malignancies among women in Indonesia. The prevalence of cervical cancer in Bali was 0.6% in 2013. Screening coverage for cervical cancer in Tabanan district varies from 37% to 67%. This study aims to determine factors associated to cervical cancer screening uptake among reproductive-aged women. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Baturiti Subdistrict, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. This study involved 188 reproductive-aged women. Samples were randomly selected from all reproductive-aged women from two villages of Baturiti and Angseri. Data were collected using home interviews by a standardised questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was conducted using poisson regression model to determine factors associated to cervical cancer screening uptake. Results: This study showed that the proportion of cervical cancer screening was 38.83%. Variables associated to the uptake of cervical cancer screening were comprehensive knowledge about cervical cancer (APR=10.16; 95%CI: 4.33-24.76), insurance holder (APR=2.95; 95%CI: 1.38-6.64) and aged of ≥40 years (APR=1.26; 95%CI: 1.01-1.59). Education level, employment status and perceived benefits were not associated with the screening uptake among reproductive-aged women. Conclusions: Level of knowledge about cervical cancer, insurance ownership and aged over 40 years increase the cervical screening uptake among reproductive-aged women. |
Local biodiversity: students’ interests and perceptions, and teaching materials
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 893-912 |
| Abstrak | : | Local biodiversity can help students develop conservation attitudes regarding biodiversity. However, studies reveal students’ preferences regarding exotic than local biodiversity. Therefore, more research can permit an improved understanding of the reasons for their interest in these organisms. This research aimed to investigate São Paulo state (Brazil) students’ interests and perceptions about their local biodiversity and understand how teaching materials present this topic. A Likert-type questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data regarding students’ interests and perceptions. Textbooks and handouts analysis included counting quoted living beings and verifying their occurrence in local biomes using open-access datasets. Results showed that the students were less interested in local biodiversity than global biodiversity. They further expressed little knowledge about local biomes and their biodiversity. Teaching materials mostly name living beings that exist in Brazil. However, they offer few explicit examples of them in students’ biome. Furthermore, regional teaching materials must deal with more contextualisation. Results from our study support previous research that suggests students need more than proximity to local biodiversity to be aware of it. Therefore, we recommend developing teaching materials focusing on local biodiversity, with follow-up studies examining their impact on student awareness of local biodiversity. |
Implementation of quality function deployment to identify priority needs of customers and health providers of child-friendly community health centre
| Pengarang | : | Ni Nyoman Ariani, Ni Made Sri Nopiyani, I Putu Ganda Wijaya |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 5 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 9-13 |
| Abstrak | : | Background and purpose: The efforts to increase quality of service is critical in public services. Service providers should be able to identify customer needs and expectations. As one of health providers, community health centre are required to develop mechanisms for identifying needs of customers and staff. Needs assessment of clients and staff at Blahbatuh II Health Centre is never been conducted. This study aims to identify priority needs of customer and staff to improve the quality of service at Blahbatuh II Health Centre. Methods: A quantitative study was conducted at Blahbatuh II Health Centre. Data was collected through interviews guided by a structured questionnaire. A total of 97 customers were consecutively selected and were interviewed. Eight staff of child-friendly community health centres were purposively recruited. Data was analysed using quality function deployment method and presented in the House of Quality (HoQ) matrix. Results: There were 16 and 13 expectations from customers and staff respectively. The house of quality matrix showed that respondents ranked several expectations as the most important that include friendly staff, quick and on-time services, and effective treatment. Health staff on the other hand expected the centre to implement performance-based reward system, to provide training program and to follow the standard operating procedures. Conclusions: Expectations from customers and health staff are different. In order to meet these expectations, health centre should design and implement a quality improvement program to address these diverse quality issues. |
Factors associated to first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure among HIV/AIDS patients at Sanglah Hospital, Bali
| Pengarang | : | Cok Istri Sri Dharma Astiti, Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri, Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 5 (No. 1) |
| Halaman | : | 3-8 |
| Abstrak | : | Background and purpose: The incidence of first line ART failure is increasing in the South East Asia region. The main referral hospital in Bali has recorded an increased use of second line ART due to the first line ART failure. This study aims to explore risk factors associated to first line ART failure. Methods: A case control study was conducted among people living with HIV and AIDS at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar who started first line ART between 2004 and 2013. Cases were those who diagnosed as having clinical treatment failure and still on treatment in 2015. Controls were those with no treatment failure. Sex and year of ART initiation were matched between case and control. Data were obtained from medical records that include initial regiments, HIV mode of transmission, the WHO HIV clinical stage, CD4 count, opportunistic infections, body mass index, hemoglobin level, and drug substitution at the beginning and during treatment. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression. Results: Out of 68 HIV/AIDS patients with clinical ART failure, 72.1% were confirmed with immunological and 36.8% were confirmed with virological failure. Median time before treatment failure was 3.5 years. Factors associated to ART failure were HIV clinical stage IV (AOR=3.43; 95%CI: 1.65-7.13) and being widow/widower (AOR=4.85; 95%CI: 1.52-15.53). Patients with TB co-infection have a lower risk for treatment failure due to early diagnosis and treatment through TB-HIV program (AOR=0.32; 95%CI: 0.14-0.70). Conclusions: Higher HIV clinical stage at ART initiation increases the risk of treatment failure. HIV-TB co-infection indirectly reduces the risk of treatment failure. |
Exploring the association between non-specialised science teacher rates and student science literacy: an analysis of PISA data across 18 nations
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Science Education |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 46 (No. 9) |
| Halaman | : | 874-892 |
| Abstrak | : | Out-of-field teaching is viewed as inferior to subject-specific instruction, but its impact on student outcomes varies depending on the criteria used for evaluation. The present study investigated the consequences of out-of-field teaching in science on different student outcomes on an international scale. Analyses were based on the sixth cycle of PISA data, using a subsample of N = 128,438 students (51% girls) and N = 27,819 teachers (44% women) from 4,037 schools in 18 countries. Results show that higher specialised science teachers rates in schools were linked to improved scientific literacy and students enjoyment. Science teachers with specialised science training in a school were associated with higher science competencies in students, while the impact on the enjoyment of science was smaller. However, the share of specialised teachers was not associated with students’ self-efficacy or perceived teaching practices. The findings suggest that specialised teachers are critical in positively influencing students’ literacy and enjoyment. Moreover, it informs policymakers and school administrators about the need to prioritise hiring specialised science teachers to improve the overall quality of science education. Further research is needed to understand how specialised teachers affect student outcomes and to identify other factors impacting science literacy. |