OPAC - Pencarian Artikel Jurnal & Majalah Library USD
Menampilkan semua artikel (Halaman 367 dari 34170, Total: 341698 data)
Visions of CSCL: eight provocations for the future of the field
klik untuk membaca file PDF
| Pengarang | : | Alyssa Friend Wise, Baruch B. Schwarz |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 12 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 423-467 |
| Abstrak | : | The field of CSCL is at a critical moment in its development. Internally we face issues of fragmentation and questions about what progress is being made. Externally the rise of social media and a variety of research communities that study the interactions within it raise questions about our unique identity and larger impact on the world. To illuminate the complex issues involved and the multiple perspectives that exist on them, we conducted an iterative and generative consultation with members of the CSCL community through individual interviews and public interactive presentations. The result is a series of eight provocations for the field, each presented as a dialogue between the Provocateur/Provocatrice (who seeks to shake up the status quo) and the Conciliator (who seeks to build on the achievements of our current traditions). The provocations address the debated need for six things: one conceptual framework to unite our diverse tools and theories (#1), prioritization of learner agency over collaborative scripting (#2), scrupulous scrutiny of when “collaboration” and “community” are said to exist (#3), the pursuit of computational approaches to understand collaborative learning (#5), learning analytics and adaptive support to be a top priority in the field (#6), and the expansion of our focus to seriously address social media and large-scale learning environments (#7). In addition, the provocations highlight two areas in which perhaps we should desist: the attempt to reconcile analytical and interpretative approaches to understanding collaboration (#4), and the goal of achieving tangible change in the education system (#8). There are no resolutions offered in this paper; the interchanges presented are designed to lay out the complex constellation of issues involved and can be considered a dialogue that we are still in the process of having with ourselves as individuals and together as a community. We stress the urgency and importance for the field of CSCL to take up these questions and tensions, and critically, to work towards decisions and resultant actions. Our future as a scientific community — our very existence and identity, depends on it. |
Toward a Political Model of Incarceration: A Time-Series Examination of Multiple Explanations for Prison Admission Rates
| Pengarang | : | David Jacobs |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | AJS American Journal of Sociology |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 102-2, SEPTEMBER (No. 2) |
| Halaman | : | 323-357 |
| Abstrak | : | This study examines yearly shifts in prison admissions since 1950. The effects of political and economic determinants are investigated with measures of economic inequality, political variables, and unemployment. The delayed effects of broken families are measured with a lagged moving average of out-of-wedlock births. The findings show that inequality due to the presence of the rich and past out-of-wedlock birth rates matter, but unemployment is not related to prison admissions. The strength of the Republican Party and a presidential election year dummy also explain shifts in incarcerations. The results suggest that earlier work omitted theoretically important explanations. |
I think you just got mixed up: confident peer tutors hedge to support partners face needs
| Pengarang | : | Michael Madaio, Justine Cassell, Amy Ogan |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 12 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 401-421 |
| Abstrak | : | During collaborative learning, computer-supported or otherwise, students balance task-oriented goals with the interpersonal goals of relationship-building. This means that in peer tutoring, some pedagogically beneficial behaviors may be avoided by peer tutors due to their likelihood to get in the way of relationship-building. In this paper, we explore how the interpersonal closeness between students in a peer tutoring dyad and the peer tutors’ instructional self-efficacy impacts those tutors’ delivery style of various tutoring moves, and explore the impact those tutoring move delivery styles have on their partners’ learning. We found that tutors with lower social closeness with their tutees provide more positive feedback to their tutee and use more indirect instructions and comprehension-monitoring, but this is only the case for tutors with greater tutoring self-efficacy. And in fact, those tutees solved more problems and learned more when their tutors hedged instructions and comprehension-monitoring, respectively. We found no effect of hedging for dyads with greater social closeness, on the other hand, suggesting that interpersonal closeness may reduce the face-threat of direct instructions and comprehension-monitoring, and hence reduce the need for indirectness, while tutors’ instructional self-efficacy allows tutors to use those moves without feeling threatened themselves. These results emphasize that designers of CSCL systems should understand the nature of how the interpersonal closeness between collaborating students intersects with those students’ self-efficacy to impact the use and delivery of their learning behaviors, in order to best support them in collaborating effectively. |
Recombinant Property in East European Capitalism
| Pengarang | : | David Stark |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | AJS American Journal of Sociology |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 101-4, JANUARY (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 993-1027 |
| Abstrak | : | Recombinant property is a form of organizational hedging in which actors respond to uncertainty by deversifying assets, redefining and recombining resources. It is an attempt to hold resources that can be justified by more than one legitimating principle. Property tansformation in postsocialist Hungary involves the decentralized reorganization of assets and the centralized management of liabilities. Together they blur the boundaries of public and private, the boundaries of enterprises, and the boundedness of justificatory principles. Enterprise-level field research, data on the ownership structure of Hungary's 220 largest enterprises and banks, and an examination of the government's recent debt consolidation programs suggest the emergence of a distinctively East European capitalism that will differ as much from West European capitalism as do contemporary East Asian variants. |
Developing & using interaction geography in a museum
| Pengarang | : | Ben Rydal Shapiro, Rogers P. Hall, David A. Owens |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 12 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 377-399 |
| Abstrak | : | There are many approaches that support studies of learning in relation to the physical environment, people’s interaction with one another, or people’s movement. However, what these approaches achieve in granularity of description, they tend to lose in synthesis and integration, and to date, there are not effective methods and concepts to study learning in relation to all of these dimensions simultaneously. This paper outlines our development and use of a new approach to describing, representing, and interpreting people’s interaction as they move within and across physical environments. We call this approach interaction geography. It provides a more integrative and multi-scalar way to characterize people’s interaction and movement in relation to the physical environment and is particularly relevant to learning research and professional design practice in informal learning settings. The first part of this paper illustrates our development and use of interaction geography to study visitor engagement in a cultural heritage museum. In particular, we illustrate Mondrian Transcription, a method to map people’s movement and conversation over space and time, and the Interaction Geography Slicer (IGS), a dynamic visualization tool that supports new forms of interaction and multi-modal analysis. The second part of the paper describes one team of museum educators, curators, archivists, and exhibit designers using a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment based on interaction geography. We show how this environment used interaction geography to disrupt the conventional views of visitor engagement and learning that museum professionals hold and then reframe these disruptions to enable museum professionals to perceive visitor engagement and learning in innovative ways that potentially support their future design decisions. We conclude the paper by discussing how this work may serve as a blueprint to guide future efforts to expand interaction geography in ways that explore new collaborations across the fields of education, information visualization, architecture, and the arts. |
Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality in Reform-Era Urban China
| Pengarang | : | Yu Xie |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | AJS American Journal of Sociology |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 101-4, JANUARY (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 950-992 |
| Abstrak | : | This article studies the regional variation in earnings inequality in contemporary urban China, focusing on the relationship between the pace of economic reforms and earning determination. Through a multilevel analysis, it shows that economic growth depresses the retunrs to education and work experience and does not affect the net differences between party members and nonmembers and between men and women. Overall earning inequality remains low and only slightly correlated with economic growth because, in faster-growing cities, the tendency toward higher levels of inequality is somewhat offset by the lower returns to human capital. A plausible interpretation is that these results are largely due to the lack of a true labor market in urban China. |
The value of learning talk: applying a novel dialogue scoring method to inform interaction design in an open-ended, embodied museum exhibit
| Pengarang | : | Jessica Roberts, Leilah Lyons |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 12 (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 343-376 |
| Abstrak | : | Museum researchers have long acknowledged the importance of dialogue in informal learning, particularly for open-ended exploratory exhibits. Novel interaction techniques like full-body interaction are appealing for these exploratory exhibits, but designers have not had a metric for determining how their designs are supporting productive learning talk. Moreover, with the incorporation of digital technologies into museums, researchers and designers now have the opportunity for in situ A/B testing of multiple exhibit designs not previously possible with traditionally constructed exhibits, which once installed were difficult and expensive to iterate. Here we present a method called Scoring Qualitative Informal Learning Dialogue (SQuILD) for quantifying idiosyncratic social learning talk, in order to conduct in situ testing of group learning at interactive exhibits. We demonstrate how the method was applied to a 2 × 2 experiment varying the means of control (full-body vs. handheld tablet controller) and the distribution of control (single-user-input vs. multi-user-input) of an interactive data map exhibit. Though pilot testing in the lab predicted that full-body and multi-input designs would best support learning talk, analysis of dialogue from 119 groups’ interactions revealed surprising nuances in the affordances of each. Implications for embodied interaction design are discussed. |
The Emergence of a Market Society: Changing Mechanisms of Stratification in China
| Pengarang | : | Victor Nee |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | AJS American Journal of Sociology |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 101-4, JANUARY (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 908-949 |
| Abstrak | : | This article examines the effect of institutional change-the shift from redistribution to markets-in altering the mechanisms of stratification. New institutionalists maintain that interests are embedded in institutional arrangements and change as institutions change. China has undergone rapid and extensive household income mobility, incrementally altering the stratification order based on socialist redistribution. The shift to markets causes a decline in the significance of positional power based on redistribution relative to the gains of producers and entrepreneurs. Comparative institutional analysis is employed to examine the effect of regional variation in the extent of institutional change. |
Ecological Metaphors as Scientific Boundary Work: Innovation and Authority in Interwar Sociology and Biology
| Pengarang | : | - |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | AJS American Journal of Sociology |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 101-4, JANUARY (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 874-907 |
| Abstrak | : | The development of human ecology during the interwar period was a significant scientific innovation enabled ty the sociological use of biological concepts as tropes for social organization. This examination of the connections between biology and sociology illuminates a process whereby new scientific knowledge is generated, new scientific communities are formed, and individuals become scientists. These relationships were arranged around the negotiable boundaries between the social and the natural in 20th-century science. This process is examined through an analysis of scientific texts, metaphor transaction in science, and mentoring practices that reveal the transmission and bounding of knowledge and authority. |
Ordaining Women: The Diffusion of an Organizational Innovation
| Pengarang | : | Mark Chaves |
| Nama Majalah/Jurnal | : | AJS American Journal of Sociology |
| Volume / Edisi | : | 101-4, JANUARY (No. 4) |
| Halaman | : | 840-873 |
| Abstrak | : | Why do denominations vary in the extent to which they resist ordaining women? Extensive loose coupling between formal policy and actual practice concerning female access to positions within religious organizations highlights the symbolic importance of rules about women's ordination. This paper focuses on these rules via an event-history analysis of U.S. Christian denominations' official adoption of women's ordination. The likelihood of a denomination beginning to ordain women is influenced by external political and institutional pressures, by cultural boundaries and network connections within the denominational population, and by internal organizational characterics. |